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海水资源开发利用产业化的可持续发展─论我国海水资源开发利用产业化的历史、现状和对策徐梅生(国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所)1序水是不可替代的资源。随着海洋高技术的不断进步和球陆地资源的日趋减少,围绕海洋的国际竞争已比历史任何时期更加激烈。海洋... 相似文献
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膜技术在海水淡化和综合利用中的新进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
主要论述了膜技术在海水淡化和海水综合利用中的新进展。包括各种新开发的反渗透海水淡化新技术,将淡化、制盐、电解和吸附相结合的海水综合利用新工艺,以及海水综合利用的资源和节能集成技术。为膜技术在海水淡化和海水综合利用等方面的应用提供借鉴和理论指导。 相似文献
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胶州湾环流和污染扩散的数值模拟 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
潮流和潮余流对海湾和沿岸海域污染物质的迁移和分散所起的重要作用,已为大家所共知。潮余流亦称为潮余环流,它导致湾内的海水循环,促进与外海水的交换。然而,它是欧拉型的。溶解在海水中和以悬浮体形式混合在海水中的污染物质的迁移,与海水质点的运动一样,具有拉格朗日性质。海水质点在潮汐海区内的迁移, 相似文献
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调查分析和大洋模式表明,中生代-新生代温暖气候条件下的大洋环流型式与现代明显不同。白垩纪无冰期可能是最有争议的时期。经向大洋热传递可以解释高纬度表层海水温度较高的原因,南北半球高纬度表层海水温度保持在10~15 ℃左右导致大洋热量由赤道向两极对称传递。有迹象表明,南部近极地大洋水温高于北部大洋。Sloan等(1995)提出,当大洋热反差减小时,向极地的热传递难以增强。与温室气体增多相关的大气层反馈现象可能是对极地气温增高的反应。白垩纪时期CO2含量增多常用于解释白垩纪-始新世出现稳定的温暖气候的原因。由于CO2诱… 相似文献
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海水模式种青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海水青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)作为一种新兴的海洋模式生物,可应用于海洋生态毒理学的研究。鱼类发育的早期阶段对污染物最为敏感,海水青鳉鱼胚胎毒性分析已成为毒理学研究的重要方法,但是目前尚未见有关海水青鳉胚胎发育的有关报道,因此本研究对海水青鳉鱼的繁殖习性和胚胎发育过程进行了详细观察。利用体视显微镜对海水青鳉的早期胚胎发育过程的形态特征进行了连续的实验观察,并描述了各个发育时期的特征。在水温(26±0.5)°C的条件下,海水青鳉鱼受精卵历时220h 30min孵化出膜。胚胎发育过程分为受精卵激活阶段、受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段、孵化出膜阶段8个阶段,共分为33个时期。 相似文献
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南海北部4万年以来有机碳和碳酸盐含量变化及古海洋学意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
南海北部陆坡的17937柱状样上部4万年来有机碳和碳酸盐的含量分布特征显示:有机碳含量总体显示出冰期高、间冰期低的特征,碳酸盐则相反。C/N元素比分布范围和二组分分析说明该站位的有机碳以海洋自生有机碳为主,全新世达80%以上。根据海洋沉积物中总有机碳含量和两类不同来源有机碳所占比例计算得出的海洋自生生物产生的有机碳含量在MIS2时期最高,说明末次冰期海洋生产力提高。冰期冬季风强化,海水混合程度加强,营养物质利用更充分以及陆源输入增多导致营养物质增加。碳酸盐含量主要受陆源物质稀释的影响,为“大西洋型”旋回。碳酸盐旋回在全新世早中期存在低碳酸钙事件,可能与该时期的强降雨冲刷所致陆源稀释作用增强、海水溶解作用增强以及海洋表层生产力的降低等综合作用相关。 相似文献
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营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响.营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比.毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。 相似文献
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A. P. Tolstosheev 《Physical Oceanography》2009,19(6):358-365
A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based
on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to
three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors
corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result
of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate
the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting
buoys. 相似文献
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An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled. 相似文献
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1992年,联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念,并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标,而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中,沿海国家面临着巨大的困难,即:为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部(MOMAF)。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察,即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力,特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作,文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。 相似文献
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天然气水合物地球化学特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Values of root mean square slope 0 and its variations -0 are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When 0 and -0 are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5 相似文献
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Yu. D. Chashechkin 《Physical Oceanography》2011,20(5):317-324
The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of
equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We
also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal
to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly
perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order
of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number
of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs
in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components
of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different. 相似文献