熊耳裂谷火山岩系金-多金属矿床成矿模式

应用热水成矿理论，首次提出豫西熊耳群裂谷火山岩系金—多金属矿床成矿矿源卤水是火山期后高温硅钾卤水，认为该区金—铅—锌—银—多金属矿床为火山期后高温硅钾卤水成因，成矿作用以硅钾卤水交代、充填及热水沉积为主，形成完整的火山热液成矿系统，主成矿时间为熊耳期。     

冀西石湖地区多金属矿床成矿流体氦氩碳氢氧同位素特征及地质意义

石湖地区金、银多金属矿床位于太行山中北段,产出于太古界阜平群变质岩系,燕山期麻棚岩体的周边。本文以石湖地区代表性矿床为例,根据多金属矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体中He、Ar同位素及与黄铁矿共生的石英流体包裹体中C、H、O同位素组成,探讨了石湖地区金、银多金属矿床成矿流体来源。分析结果表明石湖地区金、银多金属矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体中3He/4He介于0.43~2.40 Ra,40Ar/36Ar介于477~879,显示出本区金、银多金属矿床的成矿流体为地幔流体与地壳流体混合的产物。石英包裹体中δDV-SMOW介于-62‰~-105‰,δ18OV-SMOW介于9.6‰~13.8‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合;δ13CPDB介于-3.5‰~-5.0‰,表明矿区成矿热液来自地幔。氢、氧、碳同位素体系与氦、氩同位素体系的示踪具有一致性,均显示出石湖地区金、银多金属矿床成矿流体为地幔流体与地壳流体混合的产物。     

东秦岭熊耳群火山岩的地球化学及其与成矿关系研究

金堆城钼矿床作为东秦岭西部具有重要代表性的斑岩型钼矿床,前人对该矿床的矿化地质-地球化学特征、含矿斑岩与矿化的关系特征及成矿地质背景进行了大量研究,但是作为赋矿围岩的熊耳群火山岩与成矿的关系研究比较薄弱,且区域有关熊耳群火山岩地质-地球化学研究大多集中在豫晋地区,针对陕西金堆城地区的熊耳群专门研究较少.已有资料表明,熊耳群火山岩系不仅是东秦岭金堆城、东沟、石家湾等大型钼矿床的赋矿围岩,而且也是控制金、银多金属矿床形成的主要地层层位.20世纪80年代以来,在熊耳群火山岩中已经探明金、银、铅、锌多金属矿产多处(张汉成,2003;裴玉华,2007).     

内蒙古东乌旗铜、银多金属成矿带成矿类型分析

阐述了内蒙古东乌雄铜、银多金属成矿带不同类型铜、银多金属矿成矿特征，根据矿床控矿条件，表明前中生代基底的沉积建造反映海底火山活动强烈，并有成矿元素相对密集的层位；区内燕山期岩浆活动促使铜、银多金属组分随岩浆侵位，从地便深部带出或从地先中活化品进入到成矿流体。指出该成矿带存在海底喷气沉积型铁铜多金属矿床和次火山型铜多金属矿床。     

华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩系中的杏仁体——热水成矿作用的证据

在华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩的矿化部位，普遍存在着特征明显的杏仁体，有的杏仁体甚至构成了矿化体，前人对此研究很少。对杏仁体的结构、构造特征及充填矿物进行了系统研究，详细论述了杏仁体的形成机制及其与成矿热水流体和成矿作用的关系，指出杏仁体是在华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩内进行找矿勘查的重要标志。     

内蒙古甲乌拉银多金属矿床成矿流体演化与成矿机制分析

内蒙古甲乌拉大型银多金属矿床位于我国北方重要的银多金属矿集区,该矿床属于大兴安岭满洲里-新巴尔虎右旗银多金属成矿带。为探讨其成矿流体演化和成矿机制,对矿床的石英流体包裹体进行深入研究。包裹体显微测温结果表明均一温度集中在180℃~260℃,结合流体包裹体热力学公式计算得到:流体盐度范围为0.18%~12.62%,流体密度为0.637 g/cm3~0.976 g/cm3,流体压力的变化范围是0.344 MPa~16.205 MPa,成矿深度约为0.5 km~1.5 km。激光拉曼测试结果表明成矿流体属于H2O-NaCl体系。甲乌拉银多金属矿床成矿流体的总体特征表现为中低温度、中低压力、中低盐度、低密度的流体。矿床成矿流体有两种来源:其一可能为岩浆源为主导的流体;其二可能为大气降水为主导的流体。成矿流体在演化过程中发生流体的混合作用。不同性质、成分流体的混合作用是导致成矿元素发生聚集、沉淀形成矿床的重要机制。     

辽东早元古代金银多金属成矿区成矿条件及找矿方向

辽东裂谷金银多金属矿床是在裂谷发育的中晚期由同生断裂－硅质岩－浅海泻湖环境构成金、银多金属矿源浓集区，经辽河期、印支期重熔花岗岩改造形成的，它们具有特殊的地球化学和地球物理场。通过研究，本文建立了金银成矿模式和找矿指标，指出了重点找矿区和找矿远景区。     

内蒙古林西边家大院银多金属矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质来源探讨

边家大院银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带南段,是一个典型的热液脉型银多金属矿床。基于稳定同位素C、H、O、S和放射性Pb同位素的测试和分析,对边家大院银多金属矿床成矿流体及物质来源进行示踪。同位素测试结果表明:成矿流体中水的δD_(水-SMOW)值为-138.5‰~-111.7‰,δ~(18)O_(水-SMOW)值为-8.85‰~9.38‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合物。热液方解石δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-7.7‰~-2.67‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)为-0.41‰~6.03‰,表明热液矿物方解石是2个阶段成矿作用的产物,成矿早阶段流体与岩浆水特征相似,碳主要来源于岩浆,成矿晚阶段流体具有大气降水的特征。边家大院银多金属矿床矿石硫化物δ~(34)S值为0.76‰~4.4‰,显示银铅锌矿体的形成与岩浆作用密切相关,硫主要来自岩浆源。矿石样品~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值介于38.1~38.634,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值介于15.518~15.681,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb值介于18.155~18.284,表明成矿与岩浆作用关系密切,成矿流体中铅主要来自深源岩浆。成矿作用的发生是在一种总硫浓度比较低的平衡体系中进行的。边家大院银多金属矿床的成因类型属于火山-次火山热液脉状银多金属矿床。     

湖南省铅锌金银多金属矿床地质特征与成矿规律

在对前人典型矿床研究的基础上,总结了湖南省铅锌金银多金属矿床的地质特征、成因类型及成矿规律,重点分析了13处铅锌金银多金属(铜、钨、锡等)矿床(体)的地质特征及成矿机制.湖南省铅锌金银多金属矿床包括接触交代型(夕卡岩型)、岩浆热液型(充填交代型及蚀变岩型)和浅成中-低温热液型(沉积热液再造型)3个三级(四级)成因类型....     

河南嵩县南部地区成矿地球化学特征

河南嵩县南部地区位于豫西东秦岭成矿带上,区内广泛分布熊耳群火山岩系,马超营大断裂从其南部通过,南部有燕山期花岗岩基.对区内地层、构造、岩浆岩地球化学特征的分析表明该区为低背景成矿;熊耳群鸡蛋坪组地层和安山岩、凝灰岩有利于成矿;成矿元素在断裂尤其是次级断裂中富集;燕山期岩体周边形成一个高温异常带;地球化学场表现为“一线两环两面”的特征.指出沿马超营断裂带和燕山期花岗岩基外围,熊耳群鸡蛋坪组安山岩、凝灰岩是寻找金、银、铅、锌、钼矿的有利地区.     

Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.     

豫西熊耳山Ag、Ag-Pb、Au、Mo及Pb矿床 (点)的空间分布特征及找矿启示

对豫西熊耳山121个Ag、Ag-Pb、Au、Mo及Pb矿床(点)的空间分布特征进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了熊耳山地区找矿潜力区。在经度方向上,它们集中于熊耳山的东、西两端,而在中部(111.45°~111.50°和111.60°~111.65°)出现两个矿床频数低值;在纬度方向上,矿化主要集中分布于34.10°~34.25°的中部地带。121个矿床(点)的高程(采矿平硐海拔高度)集中分布于600~750 m、800~1 050 m和1 100~1 200 m三个高程区间内,熊耳山东、西两端大型Ag-Pb、Au和Mo矿床的高程大致相当。121个矿床(点)组成了6条矿化种类各异和走向不同的矿化条带,分别为近NW向的Ag及Ag-Pb矿化条带(M1)和Au(Mo、Pb)矿化条带(M3)、近NE向的Au(Mo、Pb)矿化条带(M2)、近EW的Pb-Au(Mo)矿化条带(M4)、近NNW向的Au矿化条带(M5)和近NS向的Au(Mo、Pb)矿化条带(M6),其走向均与区域以及矿床控矿构造的走向大致相当。121个矿床(点)在空间三个投影面中均遵循分形丛集分布,并且存在两个无标度网格区,显示了多重分形的特征,发现熊耳山矿集区的分布具有约10 km等间距的特征,并结合透岩浆流体成矿理论对熊耳山地区进一步的成矿潜力区进行了分析。     

大兴安岭北部主要金属矿床成矿系列和区域矿床成矿谱系

文章以大兴安岭北部内生金属矿床、海相火山岩型硫铁矿矿床和砂金矿床为研究对象,按照矿床成矿系列的学术思想将其划分为7个矿床成矿系列,即:多宝山地区与加里东期中酸性火山_侵入活动有关的铜、钼矿床成矿系列,呼玛地区与华力西期辉长岩和花岗岩有关的铁、钛、金矿床成矿系列,伊尔施_黑河地区与华力西期花岗岩和海相火山岩有关的铁、铜、锌、硫铁矿矿床成矿系列,牙克石地区与华力西期海相中基性火山岩有关的铁、锌、硫铁矿矿床成矿系列,得尔布干地区与印支期_燕山期中酸性火山_侵入活动有关的铅、锌、银、铜、钼、金矿床成矿系列,伊尔施_呼玛地区与燕山期中酸性火山_侵入活动有关的金、铁、锌、铜、钼、钨矿床成矿系列和黑龙江流域与第四纪冲积沉积作用有关的砂金矿床成矿系列。大兴安岭北部区域矿床成矿谱系表明,从奥陶纪到新生代该区不同构造单元经历了7个主要的构造演化及成矿时期,依次出现奥陶纪岛弧环境的斑岩型矿床、泥盆纪陆块边缘拉张环境的岩浆型和热液脉型矿床、泥盆纪—石炭纪俯冲_碰撞环境的海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型矿床、石炭纪弧后盆地环境的海相火山岩型矿床、晚三叠世—早白垩世俯冲_碰撞_后碰撞环境的斑岩型、热液脉型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩型矿床、早侏罗世—早白垩世俯冲环境的斑岩型、热液脉型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩型矿床和新生代地壳差异运动带砂金矿床。大兴安岭北部优势矿种为铜、钼、金、银、铅、锌,主攻矿床类型为斑岩型、热液脉型、低硫化浅成低温热液型、冲积型和海相火山岩型。     

西藏自治区谢通门县斯弄多铅锌矿区地球物理特征及找矿方向

浅成低温热液型矿床是一类主要产于陆相火山岩或与陆相火山岩有关的低温热液矿床,矿床埋藏深度浅是其最大的特点,这也使地球物理勘探方法在这类矿床的勘查中具有先天优势。本文通过对西藏斯弄多Pb-Zn-Ag多金属浅成低温热液型矿床的地球物理参数特征研究,采用激发极化法等综合物探技术在矿体外围探获具有巨大前景的Pb-Zn-Au-Ag浅成低温热液型矿体。目前单工程控制有3段矿体:顶部Au-Ag矿体,中部Au矿体,底部Pb-Zn-Ag矿体。矿体最高Au品位可达5.3g/t,Ag最高品位410g/t,Pb+Zn综合平均品位5.9%。研究结果表明,斯弄多地区林子宗群火山岩物性参数稳定,对矿体异常干扰较小,产于该套火山岩中极强硅化体中的浅成低温热液型Au矿多具有中高极化率和中低阻特征。     

Evolution of hydrothermal fluids of HS and LS type epithermal Au–Ag deposits in the Seongsan hydrothermal system of the Cretaceous Haenam volcanic field,South Korea

The Haenam volcanic field was formed in the southern part of the Korean peninsula by the climactic igneous activity of the Late Cretaceous. The volcanic field hosts more than nine hydrothermal clay deposits and two epithermal Au–Ag deposits. This study focuses on the relationship between hydrothermal clay alteration and epithermal Au–Ag mineralization based on the geology, alteration mineralogy, geochronology, and mineralization characteristics.These clay and epithermal Au–Ag deposits are interpreted to have formed by the same hydrothermal event which produced two distinct types of mineral systems: 1) Au-dominant epithermal Au–Ag deposit and 2) clay-dominant hydrothermal clay deposit. The two types of mineral systems show a close genetic relationship as suggested by their temporal and spatial relationships. The Seongsan hydrothermal system progressively evolved from a low-intermediate sulfidation epithermal system with Au–Ag mineralization and phyllic alteration to an acid–sulfate high-sulfidation system with Au–Ag mineralization and/or barren advanced argillic/argillic alteration. The Seongsan system evolved during post volcanic hydrothermal activity for at least 10 Ma in the Campanian stage of the late Cretaceous.The Seongsan hydrothermal system shows the rare and unique occurrence of superimposed high to low (intermediate) sulfidation episodes, which persisted for about 10 Ma.     

云南大坪超大型金多金属矿床地质地球化学特征

大坪金矿床是哀牢山金矿带上的超大型金多金属共生矿床.矿体为赋存于闪长岩体内部近平行的多金属硫化物-石英薄脉.矿床地质、流体包襄体地球化学和同位素地球化学研究表明:成矿作用与中、新生代的区域构造-岩浆活动密切相关,至少可分为燕山期石英-黄铁矿和喜山早期石英-方铅矿两期;早期形成金矿化,晚期形成铅和银矿化并伴生金矿化;二者叠加于同一容矿空间,形成多期叠加的复式铅、锌、银、金共生矿床.成矿物质与成矿流体的来源一致,各成矿期流体均是以深源流体为主的壳-幔混合流体,但具有不同的地球化学特征,是相对独立的成矿流体体系.矿床成因属中-高温热液硫化物-石英脉型.     

斑岩铜矿-浅成低温热液银铅锌一远接触带热液金矿矿床模型：一个新的矿床模型——以德兴地区为例

在前人研究的基础上,通过系统的野外考察,论证了位于赣东北德兴地区德乐中生代火山盆地中的德兴铜矿、银山银铜铅锌矿和金山金矿及蛤蟆石金矿属于同一成矿系统。德兴铜矿是典型的斑岩铜矿,成矿流体和金属元素主要来自岩浆;银山银铜铅锌矿是一个下部为斑岩铜矿、上部为浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿,成矿流体早期以岩浆为主,晚期有较多的大气降水参与,成矿物质主要来自岩浆;金山和蛤蟆石金矿是远接触带热液矿床,成矿流体为岩浆热液与大气降水的混合产物,金主要来自围岩——双桥山群浅变质岩。这3套矿床以中酸性花岗斑岩或石英斑岩（高钾钙碱质花岗岩）为核心具有明显的分带性,自中心向外或深部向浅部为：斑岩铜金钼矿、浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿和远接触带热液型金矿。这种矿床组合关系不同于已知的经典斑岩铜矿模型和斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液金银矿床模型,因而,有必要提出一个新的模型：斑岩铜矿一浅成低温热液银铅锌矿一远接触带热液金矿模型。这套矿『末形成于中侏罗世,抑或是古太平洋俯冲板片局部重熔或撕裂重熔的产物,抑或是在活动大陆边缘岩浆弧后伸展带由地幔底侵的结果。     

U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Tongcun Molybdenum Deposit and Zhilingtou Gold‐Silver Deposit in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China,and Its Geological Implications

Mesozoic ore deposits in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, are divided into the northwestern and southeastern Zhejiang metallogenic belts along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing Fault. The metal ore deposits found in these belts are epithermal Au–Ag deposits, hydrothermal‐vein Ag–Pb–Zn deposits, porphyry–skarn Mo (Fe) deposits, and vein‐type Mo deposits. There is a close spatial–temporal relationship between the Mesozoic ore deposits and Mesozoic volcanic–intrusive complexes. Zircon U–Pb dating of the ore‐related intrusive rocks and molybdenite Re–Os dating from two typical deposits (Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit) in the two metallogenic belts show the early and late Yanshanian ages for mineralization. SIMS U–Pb data of zircons from the Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit indicate that the host granitoids crystallized at 169.7 ± 9.7 Ma (2σ) and 113.6 ± 1 Ma (2σ), respectively. Re–Os analysis of six molybdenite samples from the Tongcun Mo deposit yields an isochron age of 163.9 ± 1.9 Ma (2σ). Re–Os analyses of five molybdenite samples from the porphyry Mo orebodies of the Zhilingtou Au‐Ag deposit yield an isochron age of 110.1 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ). Our results suggest that the metal mineralization in the Zhejiang Province, southeast China formed during at least two stages, i.e., Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, coeval with the granitic magmatism.     

Mineralogy and formation conditions of ores in the Bereznyakovskoe ore field,the Southern Urals,Russia

The Bereznyakovskoe ore field is situated in the Birgil’da-Tomino ore district of the East Ural volcanic zone. The ore field comprises several centers of hydrothermal mineralization, including the Central Bereznyakovskoe and Southeastern Bereznyakovskoe deposits, which are characterized in this paper. The disseminated and stringer-disseminated orebodies at these deposits are hosted in Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous dacitic-andesitic tuff and are accompanied by quartz-sericite hydrothermal alteration. Three ore stages are recognized: early ore (pyrite); main ore (telluride-base-metal, with enargite, fahlore-telluride, and gold telluride substages); and late ore (galena-sphalerite). The early and the main ore stages covered temperature intervals of 320–380 to 180°C and 280–300 to 170°C, respectively; the ore precipitated from fluids with a predominance of NaCl. The mineral zoning of the ore field is expressed in the following change of prevalent mineral assemblages from the Central Bereznyakovskoe deposit toward the Southeastern Bereznyakovskoe deposit: enargite, tennantite, native tellurium, tellurides, and selenides → tennantite-tetrahedrite, tellurides, and sulfoselenides (galenoclausthalite) → tetrahedrite, tellurides, native gold, galena, and sphalerite. The established trend of mineral assemblages was controlled by a decrease in $ f_{S_2 } $ f_{S_2 } , $ f_{Te_2 } $ f_{Te_2 } and $ f_{O_2 } $ f_{O_2 } and an increase in pH of mineral-forming fluids from early to late assemblages and from the Central Bereznyakovskoe deposit toward the Southeastern Bereznyakovskoe deposit. Thus, the Central Bereznyakovskoe deposit was located in the center of an epithermal high-sulfidation ore-forming system. As follows from widespread enargite and digenite, a high Au/Ag ratio, and Au-Cu specialization of this deposit, it is rather deeply eroded. The ore mineralization at the Southeastern Bereznyakovskoe deposit fits the intermediate- or low-sulfidation type and is distinguished by development of tennantite, a low Au/Ag ratio, and enrichment in base metals against a lowered copper content. In general, the Bereznyakovskoe ore field is a hydrothermal system with a wide spectrum of epithermal mineralization styles.