四川蛇纹石猫眼的地质特征及显微结构分析

蛇纹石猫眼是一种具有猫眼效应的罕见玉石品种。本文主要探讨了蛇纹石猫眼的地质特征,采用光学显微镜对产于四川石棉县的蛇纹石猫眼样品进行了显微结构分析。结果表明:四川蛇纹石猫眼的组成矿物蛇纹石的形态主要有微纤维状和鳞片状。岩石的显微结构主要有微纤维变晶结构、微鳞片变晶结构、交代假象结构和网格状结构,并以前者为主,约占30%。微纤维变晶结构是蛇纹石猫眼形成的主要原因。交代假象结构主要表现为蛇纹石对早期矿物橄榄石和辉石的交代而表现出橄榄石和辉石的假象。交代假象结构和网格状结构的存在证明了蛇纹石猫眼的岩石成因为超基性岩石的蛇纹石化作用。     

湖南临武黑色石英岩质玉矿物组成特征及成因初探

石英岩质玉是一种市场上常见且产地较多的玉石品种,本文基于前人石英岩质玉的研究基础,通过常规宝石学测试、红外光谱测试、偏反光显微镜下观察,以及采用X射线粉晶衍射、X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对样品的宝石学特征、矿物组成进行分析,并对其成因进行讨论。结果表明:该地区黑色石英岩质玉多为中-细粒粒状结构,偏光显微镜观察可见多种变晶/变余结构;成分中主要矿物石英平均含量为44.7%,次要矿物云母、长石平均含量合计31.0%,黏土矿物平均含量为12.7%,另含有有机碳以及红柱石、铁铝榴石、黄铁矿等铁质矿物;结合样品结构、构造特征及矿物化学成分分析可知,样品为典型副变质岩系的中、低温热液交代型区域变质岩,属绿片岩相,原岩为富铝且富含石英、长石的沉积岩,其形成的构造环境属大陆边缘构造。本研究为该地区石英岩质玉的矿物组成鉴定提供了多手段技术支撑。     

东天山红云滩铁矿床矿物学、矿物化学特征及矿床成因探讨

东天山红云滩铁矿赋存于下石炭统雅满苏组火山碎屑岩地层中.矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状.矿石矿物以大量磁铁矿为主,含少量的磁赤铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铁矿和极少量的黄铜矿等.脉石矿物主要有石榴石、透辉石、阳起石、绿帘石、绿泥石、黑云母、钠长石、石英等.矿石构造以块状构造和浸染状构造为主,局部为条带状构造、脉状构造;矿石结构包括半自形-他形粒状结构、交代结构.围岩蚀变对称分带明显,从矿(化)体到两侧围岩,蚀变呈现从深色到浅色的变化现象.根据矿物共生组合、矿石组构的观察,本次工作识别出矽卡岩期和热液期两个成矿期,进一步细分为4个成矿阶段:矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段(主成矿期)、热液早期阶段及石英-硫化物阶段.电子探针分析表明石榴石端员组分以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列为主,辉石端员组分以透辉石-钙铁辉石为主,角闪石端员组分主要为阳起石和透闪石,这些特点表明矿区矽卡岩为热液交代钙矽卡岩.磁铁矿的主、微量元素特征表明其形成与矽卡岩密切相关.结合成矿地质特征,认为矽卡岩是由富铁岩浆热液流体沿断裂构造运移、交代下石炭统雅满苏组富钙火山碎屑岩地层而形成的,磁铁矿的形成与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关.     

台湾花莲软玉的组构及振动光谱特征

以台湾花莲地区所产的绿色软玉为研究对象,利用电子探针(EPMA)、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、激光拉曼光谱(RAMAN)等分析测试方法,对绿色软玉的物相、组构及振动光谱特征进行了研究。结果表明,该绿色软玉的主要矿物成分为透闪石,含少量的铬铁矿以及含Cr 钙铝榴石。软玉以纤维交织变晶结构为主,部分透闪石纤维体沿其片理方向定向排列,偶见铬铁矿骸晶及交代假像结构。对花莲绿色软玉的红外吸收光谱及拉曼光谱进行了表征,并对其振动光谱的归属作了探讨。     

辽宁桓仁软玉的宝石学特征研究

利用常规检测及薄片观察、红外光谱、化学分析法,对产自辽宁桓仁的一种灰白色玉石的矿物成分、化学成分及宝石学性质进行了较为系统的研究。测得其折射率为1.60,相对密度为3.08,摩氏硬度为6.5±。偏光显微镜下显示玉石的主要组成矿物为透闪石及普通角闪石,杂质矿物为透辉石、磷灰石、碳酸盐矿物、蛇纹石等,呈不等粒变晶结构、叶片状变晶结构及交代结构。玉石的组构特征导致其透明度较差,颜色不均匀,具黑色斑点及绿色团块状包体。红外光谱特征与标准的透闪石特征非常相近,证明该玉石为透闪石玉(软玉),其化学分析结果与和田玉及岫岩软玉结果相近。普通角闪石的存在(已黑云母化)一定程度影响了玉石的品质。     

表生异极矿成因研究及其找矿意义

云南金顶异极矿产于铅锌矿床氧化带中,基于对该矿床异极矿产出特征、颜色环带、不同颜色环带的成份、显微结构以及其他铅锌氧化物的分析,认为异极矿是由硅酸与锌的重碳酸盐溶液反应生成。镜下异极矿集合体纤维交织结构、环带结构、毛粘状结构等显微结构特征分析表明异极矿是表生环境下形成。扫描电镜获得异极矿清晰的单晶体、集合体和晶体间充填物的图像,晶体大小约为100μm～300μm,晶体间片状充填物约为250μm。同时对云南金顶铅锌矿床和异极矿与其他地区铅锌矿床和异极矿产出特征进行比较认为：异极矿一般产出于铅锌矿床表生氧化带,在风化淋滤作用较强环境下产出,对矿床环境和原生铅锌矿床找矿有一定指示意义。     

深断裂带的成矿作用

根据深断裂中不同时代和不同深度的岩石变化的研究,提出了一个有关矿石物质再分布和堆积作用的综合方案。发现流体、岩石和矿物成分的大量搬运,是在挤压和形成变晶糜棱岩条件下发生的。大体上,变晶糜棱岩是同构造的交代岩。在这些条件下,这种物质搬运是通过片状构造岩的薄片机制(film mechanism)来实现的。     

广西大化东扛村透闪石玉的宝石学特征及成因

本文通过镜下观察,配合电子探针和红外光谱等大型仪器分析,对广西大化东扛村新发现的透闪石玉进行了宝石学特征及成因研究。矿物颗粒主要呈纤维状、柱状等变晶结构,晶体颗粒细小,结构致密。主要矿物角闪石的Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+)全部0.90,属透闪石,透闪石含量一般在95%以上。通过矿石共生矿物包裹体测温确定透闪石玉矿成矿温度为250~327℃。利用稀土元素和氢氧同位素分析,确定成矿流体主要来自岩浆水,东扛村透闪石玉矿为岩浆热液型交代矿床。     

辽宁本溪小阳沟铁矿深部找矿成果及其意义

通过钻探等手段发现小阳沟铁矿为埋藏较深、厚度较大、层位较多、倾斜中等的层状矿体,探获（332）+（333）磁铁矿及低品位矿量1.4×10⁸ t.矿体埋深标高-100~+838 m,平均垂厚86 m,呈单斜层状产出,厚度变化稳定,矿化连续,品位均匀.矿石成分简单,矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿,脉石矿物主要是石英、长石.矿物粒度呈中细粒-微细粒不均匀嵌布.矿石结构为粒状变晶结构、氧化交代结构.矿石构造为细条带状构造、柔皱状构造或角砾状构造.矿床类型为火山沉积变质型铁矿.根据研究分析,总结出深部找矿标志.     

四川软玉猫眼的显微结构及扫描电镜研究

对四川软玉猫眼进行电子探针分析、扫描电镜和偏光显微镜研究,结果表明软玉猫眼主要由透闪石组成。岩石薄片观察表明,透闪石主要呈近于平行定向排列的显微纤维状,显微纤维变晶结构是软玉呈现猫眼效应的根本原因。透闪石的形成有不同的期次:早期为短柱状,呈斑状变晶;中期为片状,呈集合体对短柱状交代。晚期为近于平行定向排列的纤维状。扫描电镜分析表明透闪石纤维相互穿插绞合是玉石表现出高韧性和较强抗断裂性能的主要因素。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of