乡村活力,国外如何把脉?——来自德国、英国、日本的经验与启示

2020年中央一号文件提出要依托现有资源建设农业农村大数据中心。乡村是国家治理体系的薄弱地区,充分整合政府相关部门的数据,并利用互联网、大数据等手段构建一套乡村活力数据库,是补齐乡村治理短板,推动治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要举措。乡村活力是乡村振兴和乡村发展的内在动力,与国土空间规划是互动的内生关系。本文系统梳理国内外相关研究和实践,对于我国乡村活力评价数据库的建设和应用具有重要意义。     

美丽乡村：蓬勃发展的旅游热点

朋友,说起旅游,或许您会想起地质游、山水游、名胜古迹游等旅游方式,可是,您知道吗？随着我国美丽乡村建设的不断推进,时下,又兴起了一种新的旅游形式,即美丽乡村游。     

面向国土空间规划的乡村空间治理机制与路径研究

乡村空间治理作为国土空间规划的重要组成部分,能够直接影响到国土空间规划的工作开展效果。本文将聚焦乡村空间治理机制与治理路径,以国土空间规划为指导,解析乡村空间治理内涵以及国土空间规划与乡村空间治理的内在关系,探究面向国土空间规划的乡村空间治理路径,以期为推进乡村经济可持续发展提供参考。     

全球英语教学多元化格局下的本土化意识培养

通过对全球化语境下英语教学范式正由"正统"到"非正统"、由"一元"到"多元"的发展变化的探讨,提出在全球英语教学多元化格局下我国高校英语教学应选择适合中国本土特征的英语教学模式、将本土文化的内容融入英语教材的编写中,实施双向互动的交流方式,以培养学生本土文化意识。     

江苏省县域乡村集聚与脆弱性评价

基于脆弱性视角探究乡村地域系统可持续发展情况与集聚特征的空间关联效应,对推进美丽乡村建设具有重要意义。以SPOT2/4全色和Landsat TM卫星遥感融合影像为主要数据源,解译校正得到2016年江苏省乡村聚落斑块。在利用平均最近邻距离指数、核密度估计和标准差椭圆方法明确江苏省乡村集聚分布特征的同时,从资源、经济和社会脆弱性视角构建乡村脆弱性综合评价模型,进一步探讨县域乡村空间集聚特征与脆弱性发展程度的关联规律。结果表明：① 江苏省乡村地域自内核向外缘分布密度逐渐递减,苏北地区中部、苏南和苏中地区毗邻处乡村聚落密集分布,整体空间异质性和集聚形态的方向性特征明显;② 江苏省县域乡村脆弱程度存在地域分区不均衡现象,子系统相关性较弱,空间耦合特征尚不明显;③ 资源脆弱性子系统与经济、社会脆弱性之间均存在显著负相关关系,是当前江苏省县域乡村发展的薄弱环节;④ 江苏省县域乡村资源、经济和社会单一脆弱子系统集聚分布特征明显,综合脆弱性与集聚特征并未实现空间良性共振。     

平顶山:为乡村振兴提供资源要素保障

“实施乡村振兴战略,推动乡村高质量发展,资源要素是基础,优质服务是保障。我们充分发挥部门优势,坚持最严格的耕地保护制度,为乡村发展绘好‘一张蓝图’,激发发展潜力,为乡村振兴打下了坚实基础。”平顶山市自然资源和规划局的相关负责人说。近年来,该局创新举措,积极谋划乡村振兴对策,强化资源要素科学保障,助力乡村经济发展,加速推动各项工作落实。     

“改”出一片新天地——河南深化农村土地制度改革助推乡村振兴的实践与探索

<正>党的十九大报告在"实施乡村振兴战略"中指出,农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题,必须把解决好"三农"问题作为全党工作的重中之重,并明确提出保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变,第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年。乡村振兴的关键在于农村发展和农民脱贫致富,在党的十九大精神引领下,河南省自然资源系统顺势而为,积极开展土地利用综合改革。城镇规划区内建设用地、农村耕地和乡村建设用地这"三块地"的利用改革,     

驻马店市自然资源和规划局关于征集乡村特色民居建筑设计方案的公告

为贯彻落实党的十九大提出的乡村振兴战略,落实市委、市政府工作部署,提升全市乡村民居建筑风格、品质,传承历史文脉,延续乡村基因,改善乡村人居环境,规范农村住宅建设,展现美丽乡村新面貌,驻马店市自然资源和规划局现面向社会公开征集乡村特色民居建筑设计方案。具体事项公告如下。     

绘就美丽乡村新蓝图——睢县自然资源局驻村工作队助力党李村乡村振兴

排列有序的路灯,错落有致的农家房,蜿蜒曲折的乡间小道,歌舞飞扬的文化广场……1月20日,来到睢县党李村,呈现在眼前的是一幅产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明的和谐、宜居、幸福景象。规划绘蓝图“我们村被乡党委、政府表彰为美丽乡村样板、人居环境典范、小康村标杆,这些来之不易的成绩,离不开自然资源部门的规划引领。”     

乡村活力,国外如何把脉?——来自德国、英国、日本的经验与启示

正2020年中央一号文件提出要依托现有资源建设农业农村大数据中心。乡村是国家治理体系的薄弱地区,充分整合政府相关部门的数据,并利用互联网、大数据等手段构建一套乡村活力数据库,是补齐乡村治理短板,推动治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要举措。乡村活力是乡村振兴和乡村发展的内在动力,与国土空间规划是互动的内生关系。本文系统梳理国内外相关研究和实践,对于我国乡村活力评价数据库的建设和应用具有重要意义。     

Local government, enterprises and individuals: Economic transformation in the pearl river delta

The Pearl River (Zhujiang) Delta (PRD) has been a focal point in reform era academic circles not only for its dramatic industrial growth but also the simultaneous agricultural development. Unlike most of existing research on the PRD economic development and transformation from the whole region level, this paper explored this question from the perspective of a township using Beijiao in Shunde City as a case study. Unlike the conclusions of existing studies which attribute the regional economic transition to the macro factors, particularly the influence of external investment, this research reveals that at the level of township, the local government, the town-village owned enterprises and the individuals have been playing remarkable roles in local economic transformation. In the early stage since the economic reform, Beijiao township government, replacing the central and provincial governments before, began to manipulate the development of town-village owned enterprises and lead the local economic transformation from agricultural to industrial dominated. As the town-village owned enterprises grew during the later years, they gradually acted as the main dominant player leading the local agricultural and industrial growth. At the same time the individuals in Beijiao were playing more independent role to gain their most profits. While the local government changed to be the real manager of local economies. So the local economic transition was not entirely externally driven. In another word, the “driven from outside” model can not totally explain the economic fact in this specific region. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49801006) and Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) Project Biography: XUE De-sheng (1969 — ), male, a native of Shanxi Province, Ph. D. of Zhongshan University, Post-Ph. D. of the University of British Columbia and the University of Montreal, associate professor of the Center for Urban and Regional Studies, the Center for Transport Research, Zhongshan University. His Research interests include industrial geography, urban geography and urban planning.     

加入WTO后地方政府行政管理体制创新研究

我国加入WTO后,作为成员方政府,在享受WTO规则规定的权利时,必须承担并遵守其所有的规则,这对我国地方政府是一个巨大的挑战和压力。转变政府职能,改革政府机构,完善政府规范,更新管理方式,是适应WTO规则,地方政府行政管理体制创新的基本途径和必然选择。     

Non-structural mitigation programs for sediment-related disasters after the Chichi Earthquake in Taiwan

Following the Chichi Earthquake (M_L=7.3) in 1999, sediment-related disasters, such as landslides and debris flows, have become more frequent in Taiwan. Because engineering structures cannot be fully and rapidly emplaced, the government has initiated non-structural hazard mitigation programs. Initially, community debris flow evacuation drills were promoted in 2000. Typhoon Toraji caused numerous debris flow events in July 2001, and some communities evacuated according to the drills, significantly reducing the numbers of possible casualties. Based on that result, the government expanded the program for evacuation drills. Secondly, the early warning system created after the Chichi Earthquake will prevent many potential future casualties. Rainfall threshold values for debris flow warnings in different areas are determined from information received from local weather stations and modified for local geomorphologic situations. Realtime information is gradually being integrated to create a debris flow disaster warning system, the goal of which is to provide warnings to zones in which debris flows are likely. The warning system was launched in 2005 and has two levels of alarms: yellow and red. The final, red alarm triggers enforced evacuation. Overall, the decrease in casualties from debris flows during the decade after the Chichi Earthquake is not the result of a decrease in number or severity of sediment related disasters, but is more directly related to the gradually improved early warning and evacuation system. However, the compound hazards resulting from Typhoon Morakot in 2009 remind us of the ongoing need for improving the existing mitigation system.     

Gentrification and residential differentiation in Nanjing,China

The institutional environment in China has quite evidently changed during modern socio-economic transitions.Driven both by local government and by marketing force,urban social space was redistributed after the reform of urban land and real estate policies.Urban renewal makes for wide differential rent and therefore gentrification is occurring in China.This paper analyzes the background and institutional environment of gentrification in China,and further discusses the process,characteristics and evolutionary...     

THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE LAND RESOURCES SYSTEM IN THE FARMLAND SHELTER FOREST REGION IN THE NORTHEAST PLAIN

（张柏）ＴＨＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＬＡＮＤＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＨＥＦＡＲＭＬＡＮＤＳＨＥＬＴＥＲＦＯＲＥＳＴＲＥＧＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＰＬＡＩＮ￥ＺｈａｎｇＢａｉ（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔ...     

地矿系统人力资源开发管理运行机制初探

当今世界,是一个充满激烈竞争的世界,而所有的竞争归根到底是人才的竞争。谁掌握了人才,谁就把握了自己的未来。随着改革开放的进一步深入,社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善,无论是宏观经济还是微观经济的运行都发生了巨大的变化,处于这一大环境中的地矿系统,为了适应新的形势,同样也进行着深刻的改革。但是在计划经济条件下建立起来的人事管理制度,由于贯性,有的仍延伸至今,其种种蔽端已经显示不能适应当前的形势。因此,转变旧的劳动人事管理运行机制,建立新的人力资源开发管理运行机制是地矿部门经济发展、推进“两个基本转变”、实现地矿部提出的“二次创业”和２０１０年远景目标的前提条件之一。     

美国不动产征收典型案例分析及启示

美国宪法第五修正案规定不动产征收改变了以往封建社会不动产征收为统治阶级服务的目的而转向公共利益。但最初的制度设计随着政府角色定位改变、社会经济发展繁荣等多种因素难以充分应对公共政策制定和实施过程中遇到的各种问题。该文通过分析美国不动产征收权的形成背景及对其产生影响的典型案例,探析美国不动产征收权的形成与演化。结果表明,随着社会经济多元化发展以及公共用途内涵的不断扩展,美国政府通过案例来补充和完善法律在最初界定不动产征收相关条款的概括和不足。政府在行使不动产征收权的时候,虽然部分涉及与经营性用地结合来实现提高本地居民收入、增加就业机会和改善局部市政环境等目标,但如何协调政府行为与公共利益的关键在于建立合理的公共参与制度来反映公众诉求和监督政府行为,以实现个体权益保护的目的。美国不动产征收制度的演化与发展为我国征地制度改革提供了一定的理论借鉴和案例支撑。     

厦门市土地利用年际变化遥感分析

采用多步骤遥感图像分类以及后分类变化检测方法所得到的厦门市1989、1995和2000年的图像分类图及土地利用变化转换矩阵,查明了厦门市1989～2000年的土地利用变化：城乡建设用地、耕地以及林地／园地等主要用地类型的面积及变化;大量耕地被城市扩展侵占,数量不断减少,质量不断下降。分析认为,工业化和城市化的发展、人口的增长以及自然地理条件等因素是厦门市土地利用发生变化的主要驱动力。研究表明,利用3S技术可以快速有效地对城市土地利用年际变化进行动态监测,揭示城市土地利用动态变化的特点及其内在规律,为城市规划和政府决策部门提供参考依据。     

近20年来福州市土地利用时空变化的遥感分析

以1986、1996和2006年三期Landsat TM影像为基本数据源,采用最大似然法分类,并以同期高分辨率的SPOT5影像进行分类后处理,最后分类后变化检测法监测了福州市1986~2006年的土地利用变化及其转移模式。结果表明,福州市近20年间土地利用发生了较大的变化,城乡建筑用地处于快速增长阶段,而耕地数量却在不断下降。经济发展、人口增长、政府决策等因素是福州市土地利用发生变化的主要驱动力。     

Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan＇s Mountain Forests

Using political ecology as its conceptual framework, this paper focuses on the changes in forest utilisation and management of South Kyrgyzstan＇s walnut-fruit forests over the last century The aim of this study on human-environment interactions is to investigate the relationship between actors on the one side, their interests and demands, and the forests and forested lands on the other. Forest resource utilisation and management - and even the recognition of different forest products as resources - are connected with political and socioeconomic conditions that change with time. The walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan are unique, characterised by high biodiversity and a multiplicity of usable products; and they have been utilised for a long time. Centralised and formal management of the forests started with the Russian occupation and was strengthened under Soviet rule, when the region became a part of the USSR. During this era, a state forest administration that was structured from Moscow all the way down to the local level drew up detailed plans and developed procedures for utilising the different forest products. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the socio-political and economic frame conditions have changed significantly, which has brought not only the sweeping changes in the managing institutions, but also the access rights and interests in the forest resources. At present, the region is suffering from a high unemployment rate, which has resulted in the forests＇ gaining considerable importance in the livelihood strategies of the local population. Political and economic liberalization, increased communication and transregional exchange relations have opened the door for international companies and agents interested in the valuable forest products. Today, walnut wood and burls, walnuts, wild apples and mushrooms are all exported to various countries in the world. Scientists and members of various international organisations stress the ecological value of the forests and are trying to establish nature conservation areas. Nevertheless, it is to fear that a multiplicity of interrelated factors - the present transformation and globalization processes, the appearance of new actors, the local population＇s insecure economic situation and the erosion of managing institutions - are all leading to an intensified and unregulated exploitation of the forests, resulting in their degradation.