油井动态观测井映震能力的评价

本文利用胜利、大港、华北和辽河油田油井动态观测井的地震前兆异常资料,对1975年以来华北北部地区发生的9次中强地震进行了油井动态观测井映震能力的分析和研究,获得如下主要认识:油井映震能力较强,是一项重要的前兆观测项目;前兆异常在时间上以短临为主,空间上距震中100—300km为映震灵敏区。     

辽宁地区中强震前形变异常特征分析

基于中国震例及相关文献资料,通过收集辽宁及周边地区中强地震震前形变前兆异常信息,对震前形变异常特征进行分析研究。分析表明,辽宁地区中强地震前形变前兆异常具有分布范围广、异常数量多、持续时间长、异常变化幅度大且具有同步性变化特征等特点;形变异常的主要发震特征为破年变异常,异常具体体现为趋势转向、短期加速等动态特征;异常主要集中在300km范围内;异常主要以倾斜和应变为主;持续时间以中长期异常为主,出现时间同步性较好。     

中强震前辽宁地区流体异常特征与地震预测研究

主要基于中国震例及相关文献资料, 通过收集辽宁及周边历史中强地震震前辽宁地区流体前兆异常信息, 对震前流体异常特征进行了分析总结, 建立辽宁地区流体前兆预测指标。 研究表明, 辽宁地区M≥7地震流体前兆异常具有分布范围广, 异常数量多, 持续时间长, 异常变化幅度大且准同步变化等特征, 地震前兆主要以突跳型、 上升型异常为主, 地震一般发生在异常最高频次开始转折降低阶段, 宏观异常数量多达千起, 空间分布特征明显; M5~6地震异常主要集中在距震中200 km范围内, 异常持续时间相对较短, 主要以水氡为主, 地震前兆特征主要以突跳型、 上升型异常为主, 且地震一般在异常最高频次开始转折后2月内发生, 宏观异常数量少, 一般仅为10多起或无宏观异常。     

新疆沙湾5.2级地震地下流体前兆异常特征的分析

列举了1996年1月9日新疆沙湾5．2级地震地下流体前兆观测的最新资料，总结了地震孕育由稳态进入非稳态过程中流体异常的特征。结果表明，地下流体前兆异常以中短期为主，主要集中分布在距震中200km范围内，异常形态和幅度复杂多样，并对这次地震的跟踪预测、前兆的可靠性问题进行了讨论。     

内蒙两次5.9级地震与前兆异常特征的关系研究

以辽宁省长期丰富的地震前兆资料为基础，研究了内蒙两次5．9级地震与内蒙、东北地区前兆特征的关系。结果表明内蒙地震前前兆异常特征主要有：(1)前兆异常在时间上伴随内蒙巴林左旗5．9级地震事件的发生和结束呈阶段性起伏，空间上存在特征迁移；(2)中短期前兆异常阶段中以地形变为主体，在短临阶段地下流体和地磁出现异常。     

新疆沙湾5.2级地震地下水流体前兆异常特征的分析

列举了１９９６年１月９日新疆沙湾５．２级震地下流体前兆观测的最新资料，总结了地震孕育由稳态进行非稳态过程中流体异常的特征。结果表明，地下流体前兆异常以中短期为主，订集中分布在距震中２００ｋｍ范围内，异常形态和幅度复杂多样，并对这次地震的跟踪预测，前兆的可靠性问题进行了讨论。     

1976年唐山7.8级地震前各类地震前兆异常信息熵的场,源兆特征

利用“专家系统”的思想对每一地震前兆异常事件进行了综合评估，以每一异常的最可能发震时间计算发震概率，利用各类地震前兆异常群体信息熵研究了系统熵值与地震场，源兆的关系，分析了１９７６年唐山７．８级地震前各类地震前兆异常的时空分布特征，然后以唐山为中心在空间上划分三个区，近区，中间区和远区，分别计算了三个区各类地震前兆异常信息熵的时间演化值，分析了震前这种信息熵的场，源兆特征，震中近区的信息熵值要比中     

东营凹陷陡坡带油井前兆异常及其动力学成因讨论

分析了东营凹陷陡坡带断裂体系 ,研究了东营凹陷陡坡带油井前兆异常与地震活动的关系 ,探讨了油井前兆异常的动力学成因。孕震过程是应力场变化和调整的过程 ,应力场变化导致孔隙压力变化 ,使得油井产生前兆异常。特定的地质环境是油井前兆异常的基础 ,应力转化为孔隙压力是油井前兆异常的前提。油井前兆异常是正异常还是负异常 ,取决于油井所处的地质环境在孕震过程中地应力是增加还是减小 ,前兆异常幅度取决于孔隙压力的变化幅度     

我国地震前兆特征的统计分析与研究

本文对我国56次5级以上地震的前兆资料做了初步的统计分析,并对地震前兆的一般特征、前兆异常的持续时间、前兆异常的地区差异性及前兆异常的强度与空间分布等几个问题进行了讨论,试图进一步描述地震前兆的特征,以期对地震前兆的深入研究起到一定的参考作用。     

唐山7.8级地震水氡前兆特征的再认识

本文依据唐山地震丰富的观测资料，按照统一的异常判别方法，采用新的研究思路，再次对唐山地震前水氡的前兆特征进行了深入探讨。研究结果表明：唐山地震前，水氡前兆的时间分布具有整体性、阶段性、加速性和层次性；空间分布具有网络性和条带性。此外，对水氡异常的机制及其与地震孕育过程的关系做了物理解释。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases