黄河中游地区黄土地球化学演化

由中国科学院地球化学研究所广州分部文启忠研究员等承担的国家自然科学基金资助项目“黄河中游地区黄土地球化学演化”已提前完成了任务,并出版了目前国内外黄土地球化学研究的第一部综合性专著《中国黄土地球化学》,受到国内外同行专家的高度好评。该论著资料丰富、内容充实,方法多样,论证翔实,在理论上有明显创新,提高了黄土地球化学研究在理论上和应用上的深度和广度,对推动本学科的发展有重大意义。其     

黄土热处理酸解烃研究

酸解烃是石油及天然气地球化学勘查中极为重要的指标，黄土样品经过热处理后酸解烃含量显著增加，通过油气区和非油气区黄土热处理酸解烃对比研究得出热处理酸解烃对油气地球化学勘查无意义，经过黄土的矿物成分，地球化学实验和酸解烃甲烷碳同位素分析得出热处理增加的烃类来自于碳酸盐矿物中有机物的热解，正常状态条件下酸解烃分析对地球化学勘查有意义。     

构造地球化学若干问题的探讨

构造地球化学是介于地球化学和构造地质学之间的一门新兴学科。其基础理论包括应力场、化学动力学和耗散结构理论。研究内容可分为大地构造地球化学、区域构造地球化学、矿田(床)构造地球化学和微构造地球化学。研究方法有综合地、地球化学和实验研究法。     

《地球化学》稿约

《地球化学》是中国科学院广州地球化学研究所和中国矿物岩石地球化学学会主办的学术性期刊,为学报。其办刊方针是：发表高水平的科研成果,开展学术争鸣,促进出成果出人才,为加速现代化建设服务。本刊以广大的地质、地球化学生产人员、科研人员以及大专院校地质、地球化学专业师生和有关人员为主要读者对象。本刊主要报道近代地球化学,特别是其主要分支学科,如同位素地球化学、同位素地质年代学、矿床地球化学、有机地球化学、元素地球化学、环境地球化学、宇宙化学、海洋地球化学、实验地球化学、第四纪地球化学、构造地球化学及岩矿测试等方面的创造性、综合性科研成果和研究简报、新书简介、会议简讯、最新地质科技信息研究动态、问题讨论等。     

成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪研究综述

成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪是近年来流体地球化学研究的一个新趋势。通过流体来源示踪、运移示踪和定位示踪可以追溯流体活动的全过程,对恢复流体活动历史、演化历程具有积极意义。对成矿流体活动的地球化学示踪方法进行了一定的总结,对人们常用的地球化学示踪方法－－同位素地球化学示踪、无素地球化学示踪、包裹体地球化学示踪及气体地球化学示踪的研究现状进行了综述。     

试论地球化学场的研究方法

地球化学场的分析与研究是目前勘查地球化学面临的主要问题和关键科学技术之一,在以往研究工作基础上提出了地球化学场的研究指导思想、研究方法,包括有基础地质地球化学研究、区域地质－地球物理－地球化学编图、地球化学场空间结构研究、地球化学区划。     

中国第四纪黄土地球化学研究进展

在研究第四纪时期发牛的古环境变化的过程中,对矿物在表生环境下的地球化学行为的研究是正确理解一些十分重要的替代性气候指标环境意义的基础。在我国著名地质学家、地球化学家侯德封先生生前竭力倡导下,我国第四纪沉积,特别是黄土的地球化学研究这些年来取得了举世瞩目的成果。本文试图对我国这一领域发展的现状作一系统的综述,特别对存在的问题提出一些看法,以其推动我国第四纪地球化学的研究工作,并表示对侯老的怀念之情。     

近十万年来渭南黄土波谱-地球化学环境信息探讨

本文对我国陕西渭南剖面的黄土、化学组成、元素地球化学、稀土元素配分模式和矿物波谱特性等进行了一些实验研究，并在此基础上分析提取环境信息，试图建立黄土中高分辨演化序列及其所表征的环境变迁标志之间的关系，编制了干旱化黄土波谱－地球化学综合特征曲线图。最后，对近十万年来环境变迁的规律和发展趋势进行了初步探讨。     

新世纪亚洲风尘系统地球化学研究进展

简要评述了20世纪亚洲风尘沉积地球化学研究的主要成果,总结了新世纪以来亚洲风尘沉积地球化学在研究内容、方法、时间尺度及年代学方面的主要进展.较详细概述了最近十余年风尘沉积物在环境与气候替代性指标研究方面获得的新成果,并从矿物特征、元素地球化学、同位素和单矿物地球化学指标方面示踪风尘沉积物源研究进行了总结.指出亚洲风尘地球化学研究应在空间上从黄土-沙漠区向中亚内陆、西北太平洋扩展;在时间上拓展到中新世以来的风尘沉积;方法上应结合大气环流、地貌过程等,进行综合分析,并开拓新的测试手段.此外,应加强现代风尘过程的研究.亚洲风尘与风尘沉积地球化学研究的目的是解决风尘的产生、搬运和沉积的地球化学过程与环境变迁.     

显生宙初期带壳动物演化的生物地球化学背景

简要地阐明了显生宙初期带壳动物演化的生物地球化学背景的研究意义.从生态圈系统、沉积地质地球化学、水圈地球化学、大气圈地球化学以及地球化学成矿时代等方面论述显生宙初期带壳动物生物地球化学背景的特征.     

REE Geochemistry of Loess in Xinjiang ,China

The total rare-earth element values(ΣREE)of loess in the Xinjiang region vary over a range of 128-200 ppm ,with an average of 153ppm .The average REE content of loess lies between the earth‘s crust (155ppm) and sedimentary rocks(151ppm).The Xinjiang loess,with the REE distribu-tion patterns characterized by negative slopes ,is rich in the Ce-family elements, and has a distribu-tion pattern characteristic of sedimentary rocks.The North Xinjiang loess is relatively depleted in Tb,but rich in Yb and Lu.The South Xinjiang loess is relatively rich in light rare-earth elements.This is full proof that the Xinjiang loess comes partly from weathered materials(clay rock,sandstone)in the region studied.The REE distribution patterns in the Xinjiang loess are similar to those in the precipitated dust and Aeolian sand,indicating the same material source.The REE distribution pat-terns in the Xinjiang loess are also similar to those in loess from the middle Yellow River Valley,China and Taskent,the former USSR.This implies that loesses of the three locations(Xinjiang,the mid-dle Yellow River Valley and Taskent) come from a common material source.But the REE patterns in the Xinjiang loess are different from those in wall rocks (volcanic rock,K-bearing volcanic rock).Generally ,LREE/HREE,Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce* ratios reflect the features of parent materials of loess,indicating that the parent rocks were probably in the early stage of alkaline weathering and the weathered materials existed in an oxidation environment with basic mediums under arid-climatic conditions before transport.As a result,the migration ability of the REE is weak.     

黄河沉积物中稀土元素(REE)组成的粒度效应*

依据Stokes颗粒沉降原理将黄河利津水文站和汊河清八站的表层沉积物分别提取为<2μm,2~4μm,4~8μm,8~16μm,16~32μm和32~63μm的6个粒级,采用ICP-MS法对各个粒级沉积物的15个稀土元素进行测试。结果表明:黄河沉积物两个样品REE含量随粒度增大的变化趋势有细微差别,但总体随粒度大小呈"高—低—高"的不对称马鞍型分布,其中最高REE含量和最低REE含量分别位于<4μm的粘土粒级和4~16μm细粉砂粒级中; 各粒级沉积物经北美页岩标准化后,REE的配分模式一致,呈平缓的右倾型,相对富集轻稀土,明显的Eu正异常和Ce负异常。对各个粒级样品进行X射线衍射分析及体视镜下观测,石英含量随粒级增大而增加, 长石在8~16μm中含量最高,在16~32μm中,碳酸岩含量最高,随着粒级增大,重矿物含量逐渐增加,黄河沉积物REE随粒度的变化特征与粘土矿物对其吸附及流域碎屑沉积物不同粒级的矿物成分密切相关。     

武都黄土剖面稀土元素研究

武都剖面晚更新世以来黄土的稀土元素地球化学分析结果表明，轻重稀土元素具有比黄土高原其他地区较强烈的分异作用，而这种强烈的分异作用，与其较高的粘土矿物含量及其吸附作用相关；另一方面，武都稀土元素具有与其他地区黄土相似的稀土分布模式；反映沉积物来源的特征参数显示，武都黄土与黄土高原典型剖面十分一致，故具相同来源。     

Preliminary investigation of REE in loess

REE oxides in loess are estimated to amount to about 200 ppm. The REE distribution patterns of loess and its clay-sized fractions are characterized by the enrichment of rare earth elements of Ce family. The REE distribution patterns of loess in the Middle Huanghe (Yellow River) Valley are identical with those of sands from the Tenger Desert, probably indicating the consistency of their material sources. The REE distribution patterns are similar to one another in the clay-sized fractions of Malan loess everywhere in the Middle Huanghe Valley, indicating their compositional homogeneity. Close to the average value of the earth’s crust, the REE distribution patterns of loess and its clay-sized fractions are similar to those of sedimentary rocks (e.g., North American shales), but different from those of chondrites. It seems to show that large amounts of loessic material were transported from the provenance by moving water to sedimentary systems after they had been separated from the precursor, and then transported by wind to the present loess-accumulated areas.     

成都平原区成都粘土的粒度特征及其成因意义

对成都平原区内5个代表性的第四系剖面上的成都粘土进行了系统的粒度分析。结果表明,成都粘土以粉砂颗粒（5～50μm）为主,平均粒径约为7．1—7．3φ（7．4—6．6μm）,缺少粗尾,〉63μm颗粒的含量很少,以细颗粒物质为主,呈双峰分布。其粒度分布及粒度参数特征与北方黄土及甘孜黄土非常相似,而与河流相沉积物有很大差异,表明成都粘土属于风成堆积。根据光释光测年（OSL）结果,成都平原区的成都粘土是晚更新世中期至晚期末次冰期堆积物,其物质主体是远源的。     

Strengthening foundations of seismically weak buildings on sandy soils in Denizli,Turkey

Rare earth elements (REE) have been extensively used to indicate for material provenance since they behave conservatively and mainly transport in particulate form during earth surface processes. Nevertheless, the application of REE for material provenance study has to be cautious because grain size and mineral fractionations can alter bulk compositions of weathered sediments. Central Asia is one of the most important dust source regions globally and numerous studies on REE compositions of surface materials have been conducted. In this study, REE compositions of various materials from this area are summarized to explore the existing REE-related problems. Overall, chondrite-normalized REE patterns for many surface materials are so uniform that they cannot serve as reliable approaches in tracing material source regions. In contrast, great variations of REE compositions occur among different materials that are derived even from the same parent rock due to influences of grain-size distributions and heavy minerals. For the same reason, small-scale loess around the Tibetan Plateau has different upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized REE patterns compared to those of typical loess. Therefore, great cautions should be made when UCC-normalized REE patterns and REE ratios are utilized to investigate material provenance. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for such studies in future.     

Geochemical features of REE and Y accumulation in the subcolloid fraction of sediments from the northern part of Amur Bay (Sea of Japan)

The average contents of REE, Y, Fe, Mn, and clay minerals were determined in the subcolloid fraction of bottom sediments from the northern part of Amur Bay. The positive correlation of REE and Y contents with Fe and Mn is related to their flocculation and sorption on Fe, Mn oxyhydroxides and clay minerals (hydromica, smectites). The sediments are subdivided into three groups (sediments from the influence zone of the Razdol’naya River, sediments located along the eastern and western shores of the bay, and sediments weakly subjected to the river influence) with different average contents of REE, Y, Fe, and Mn. It is shown that REE and Y are mainly incorporated (98–100%) in clay minerals.     

Rare earth elements in Quaternary clays of the Numedal area, southern Norway

Rare earth elements (REE) in the clay fraction (< 2μ) of the Quaternary deposits in the Numedal area, southern Norway, have been determined by a spark source mass spectrometric method. The REE content was studied in relation to weathering and sedimentological factors.

The total REE content varies from 100 to 1300 ppm. An average of the similar fraction of 16 non-marine clays, mostly tillitic, gave 527 ppm REE. An average of 38 glacial and postglacial marine clays from the lower part of the Numedal valley gave 335 ppm REE (max. 781 ppm). After removal of adsorbed ions the average total REE content of morainian and marine clays decreased to 186 ppm.

The content and distribution of the REE in the Numedal clays are strongly influenced by environmental factors. Under neutral and alkaline conditions the REE are accumulated by adsorption on clay minerals, and by increasing the hydrogen ion concentration the adsorbed ions are readily removed.     

中国大陆架海底沉积物中的稀土元素

选择渤海、黄海、东海和南海有代表性的大陆架沉积物样品,利用X射张荧光光谱法测定了15个稀土元素。中国大陆架沉积物稀土元素的丰度为156ppm,相对接近于中国黄土和花岗岩的丰度,而与太平洋沉积物的丰度相差较远,具有明显的“亲陆性”。稀土的配分模式旦显著的负斜率,属陆壳稀土的典型特征。稀土含量受沉积物粒度控制。实验表明稀土主要以类质同像存在于粘土矿物之晶体构造中。根据数理统计,稀土与亲陆源粘土矿物的元素为一类,彼此呈正相关;与亲海洋生物的元素为负相关。事实说明中国大陆岩石的风化和搬运,是中国海大陆架沉积物中稀土的主要物质来源。     

中国南方二叠-三叠系界线及其附近粘土层稀土元素地球化学研究

本文对广泛发育于中国南方,连续的二叠-三叠系海相界线及其附近粘土层(蒙脱石—伊利石粘土岩)进行了稀土元素地豫化学的研究。查明了REE分布特征;REE沿粘土层垂向上的变化,比较了界线粘土与非界线粘土在REE分布上的差异。讨论了界线粘土的成因,根据稀土模式所作的综合分析,提出了由中酸性山火山岩和代表冲击溅射产物的上部地壳物质组合的混合新模式。