华北陆块北缘哈毕力格铀矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿作用的指示

哈毕力格铀矿床位于华北陆块北缘中段,主要受乌兰哈达—猴儿山背斜和区内断裂控制。铀矿化主要产于新太古界乌拉山群第二岩段石英岩中,一直被认为是变质成因铀矿床。在分析该矿床成矿地质背景和矿化特征的基础上,系统研究了矿石与围岩中黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素特征。数据表明,硫同位素组成变化于-4.7‰~12.9‰之间,暗示成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液,同时遭受了地层物质的混染。铅同位素组成(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=36.147~42.968,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.919~34.268, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=19.488~168.032)远高于单阶段演化模式组成,不同样品的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb-²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb线性关系良好,为典型的二阶段铅同位素演化体系,表明变质地层为成矿作用提供了铀源。通过放射性²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb计算,结合区域岩浆演化,认为古元古代(~1 805 Ma)区域变质作用促使乌拉山群铀发生初步富集,晚古生代(374 Ma)花岗闪长质岩浆分异出大量流体活化萃取变质地层中的铀,在有利构造空间富集成矿。     

内蒙古东乌旗阿尔哈达铅-锌-银矿床硫和铅同位素研究

阿尔哈达铅-锌-银矿床是近年来在内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗境内发现的一处大型铅-锌-银矿床,其产出环境和形成机理为国内外矿床学家所关注。对该矿床代表性岩（矿）石样品进行了硫和铅同位素分析,并对其变化规律和成因意义进行了讨论。研究结果表明,围岩和矿石中硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为1.2‰～8.6‰,具有混源硫特征。根据共生硫化物对所确定的温度表明,该矿床的形成可划分为高温和中-低温两个阶段。17件矿石硫化物样品²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值变化范围分别为18.153~18.431,15.370~15.602和37.653~38.213,其平均值分别为18.271、15.464和37.873;3件围岩硫化物样品²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值变化范围分别为18.281~18.293,15.470~15.484和37.874~37.909,平均值分别为18.288、15.477和37.893。硫和铅同位素研究结果表明,阿尔哈达铅-锌-银矿床成矿物质分别来自泥盆系火山-沉积岩和印支期花岗岩。     

西藏则不吓铅锌矿床硫、铅同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的指示

西藏则不吓铅锌矿床位于冈底斯成矿带北缘西部,矿体主要赋存于古近系林子宗群典中组火山碎屑岩中。在分析成矿地质条件的基础上,系统地研究该矿床矿石硫、铅同位素组成特征,探讨其成矿物质来源。结果表明,则不吓铅锌矿床金属硫化物样品的δ³⁴S值变化于-0.6‰~2.7‰之间,变化范围较窄,具有明显的塔式分布特征,显示硫来源较单一,具有岩浆硫的特征,可能与区内花岗斑岩及深部相关的隐伏岩体有关。矿石铅的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb同位素比值十分稳定,变化范围较小,具正常铅特征;根据铅同位素μ值(9.61~10.0)和构造演化模式图投图结果,反映该矿床矿石铅主要来自于上地壳物质。结合区域成岩成矿事件和矿区地质特征,认为该矿床成矿物质很可能来源于印亚大陆主碰撞时期上地壳部分熔融形成的中酸性岩浆。     

长春市城市土壤铅同位素组成特征及其来源解析

为查明长春市土壤铅的污染来源,采集了长春市表层(0～20 cm)土壤及城市环境污染端元(燃煤尘、汽车尾气尘,建筑尘)样品,采用X荧光光谱法(XRF)测定土壤Pb含量,用质谱仪测定各样品的铅同位素组成.分析结果表明,长春市表层土壤Pb平均质量分数44.72×10-6,是长春市土壤背景值(19.06×10-6)的2.35倍,已受到一定程度铅污染;长春市土壤铅同位素208Pb/207Pb和206Pb/207Pb比值变化较大,分别为2.249～2.473和1.158～1.213;各污染端元物质铅同位素组成差异较大,能很好区别各端元物质.运用铅同位素示踪技术追踪土壤铅的污染来源结果表明,长春市中心城区土壤铅污染主要来源于以热电二厂为代表的工业燃煤排放和历史汽车尾气残留,而与当前汽车尾气排放关系不大;建筑尘也一定程度上对城市土壤产生了影响.     

西藏雄村矿集区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿体的硫、铅同位素特征研究及其指示意义

雄村矿区位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜成矿带，是唯一一个与洋壳俯冲有关斑岩型矿床。通过对雄村斑岩型铜金矿床硫、铅同位素进行研究，揭示成矿物质来源。研究表明上述矿体的金属硫化物的δ³⁴S变化于-2.7‰～2.7‰，平均值为-0.32‰，分布范围较窄，来源单一，成矿热液的δ³⁴S_∑S均表现为深源岩浆硫。矿石金属硫化物的铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.972～18.752，平均值为18.437;²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.497～15.733，平均值为15.585;²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.001～39.153，平均值为38.561。另外铅同位素的相关参数表现为异常铅。在铅同位素判别图解中，表明雄村矿区金属硫化物的铅主要来源于地幔物质，可能有少量俯冲沉积物混入。     

T-检验在杭州市不同环境介质中铅同位素组成及其来源判别中的应用

应用Microsoft Excel软件中"数据分析"工具之T-检验,对杭州地区不同环境介质的铅同位素组成(206Pb/207Pb比值)进行了均值相等假设检验。通过T-检验,揭示了杭州市哪些环境介质具有相似或不同的铅同位素组成。结果表明,汽车尾气铅具有独特的铅同位素组成而不同于其它环境介质;汽车尾气铅对环境的污染导致环境中铅同位素组成逐渐偏离原值,如城区表土污染最为严重,其206Pb/207Pb比值已与土壤的残渣显示有显著差异,西湖表层沉积淤泥也与深部沉积柱样品有明显的不同。大气和水与多个环境介质具有相似的铅同位素比值,说明大气与水在环境中能与多种环境介质进行同位素物质交换,对污染的扩散起了重要的作用;茶叶与大气有相似的铅同位素比值,说明大气(降尘)对茶叶铅有较大的贡献。而运河沉积物与城区表土铅同位素比值高度一致则说明运河沉积物可能就是来自城区流失的表土。通过实例,介绍了Excel中T-检验在地球化学研究中的应用。     

铅同位素分析技术在土壤铅污染源解析中的应用——以陕西凤翔长青工业园为例

土壤是产地环境的基本要素,良好的产地环境是确保食品安全的基础。铅在土壤中具有难以降解、持久性污染等特点[1-2],是土壤环境中具有潜在危害的污染物之一。研究土壤铅污染来源及各污染源的相对贡献率,对治理土壤铅污染,保障食品安全具有重要意义。铅(Pb)在自然界中存在四种稳定性同位素,208Pb、207Pb、206Pb,和204Pb,丰度分别为51.28%~56.21%、17.62%~22.1%、20.84%~27.48%,和1.04%~1.65%[3]。其中,前三种是232Th(钍)、235U(铀)和238U放射性衰变的终产物,为放射成因稳定性同位素;204Pb的半衰期为1.4×1017a,远大于地球的年龄(4.6×109a),可看作是稳定性同位素。铅同位素比率主要由地质形成初期铀和钍的相对含量及此后的衰变时间所决定,在地球化学上具有显著的区域化分异特征,但在同一区域相当一致[4]。因此,铅同位素比率可作为含铅物质的一种"指纹"来识别铅的来源[5]。铅同位素组成有多种表示方法。在地球化学领域、特别是环境科学领域通常用同位素比率来表示其组成,如206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb、208Pb/204Pb等。由于204Pb在自然界中丰度较低,测定精度较差,所以一般选择206Pb、207Pb和208Pb三者中任意二者的丰度比(比率)来研究铅的来源[6-9]。近几十年来,铅同位素比率分析技术已被广泛用于考古[10-14]、地球化学[7,15]、大气污染源解析[16-19]等方面。土壤铅污染源解析是产地环境评价和食物链铅来源分析的重要内容。本研究以陕西凤翔长青工业园为目标区域,采集污染源端元样品(矿石、燃煤)、大气降尘,耕层土壤和背景土壤样品,用ICP-MS测定铅元素含量及同位素比率值(206Pb/207Pb和208Pb/206Pb),结合二元混合模型和三元混合模型计算各污染源对耕层土壤铅的贡献率,旨在分析耕层土壤铅污染的程度和铅污染的来源,解析各污染源对土壤铅污染的相对贡献率,探讨土壤铅污染源解析方法。结果表明:污染端元介质——铅锌冶炼厂矿石206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb分别为1.1137±0.0027、2.1648±0.0033;焦化厂燃煤206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb分别为1.0938±0.0066、2.1290±0.0044;热电厂燃煤206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb分别为1.1752±0.0035、2.0712±0.0111(详见表1);耕层土壤206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb分别为1.1824±0.0088、2.0771±0.0078;背景土壤206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb分别为1.2214±0.0032、2.0384±0.0017;大气降尘206Pb/207Pb、208Pb/206Pb分别为1.1353±0.0049、2.1189±0.0035(详见表2)。该区域铅锌冶炼活动对耕层土壤铅的贡献率约为18.43%,焦化厂燃煤对耕层土壤铅的贡献率约为9.36%,热电厂燃煤对耕层土壤铅的贡献率约为19.71%,背景土壤对耕层土壤的贡献率约为52.5%。该区域耕层土壤中的铅主要来源于背景土壤。本研究表明铅同位素解析技术是一种解析土壤铅污染来源的有效手段。     

闽中梅仙铅锌多金属矿区S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质的示踪:以丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿为例

闽中梅仙铅锌多金属矿产于中—新元古代“变质基底天窗”绿片岩系中,目前对其成矿物质来源、矿床成因认识不一。对该矿区的丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿床主成矿期的闪锌矿和方铅矿等金属硫化物进行S、Pb同位素分析,结果表明:丁家山和峰岩矿床的硫、铅同位素组成基本一致,其金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值分别为0.4‰~5.0‰和1.8‰~4.2‰,平均值则分别为2.66‰和2.88‰,表明硫为幔源硫。金属硫化物的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值则分别为18.326~18.496和18.378~18.646、15.658~15.817和15.619~15.746、38.724~39.257和38.365~39.009,平均值则分别为18.388和18.447、15.705和15.700、38.880和38.823,表明2矿床铅均为壳幔混合源铅。综合硫、铅同位素分析结果,认为丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿床成矿物质主要来自燕山期花岗(斑)岩。结合矿床、矿体地质特征分析,丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿的形成主要与燕山期花岗(斑)岩侵入接触交代作用有关。     

新疆西天山北达巴特斑岩型铜钼矿床铅同位素组成及成矿物质来源示踪

北达巴特斑岩型铜钼矿床位于西天山造山带北部。矿区钼矿化分布于流纹斑岩体内部,铜矿化受断裂构造控制,分布于流纹斑岩与地层的接触带附近。据矿物组合特征与交代关系,将成矿过程划分为3个阶段：早期石英—辉钼矿阶段,中期黄铁矿—黄铜矿—石英阶段,晚期萤石—黄铜矿阶段。对早阶段辉钼矿与晚阶段黄铜矿分别进行了Pb同位素分析。辉钼矿的²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为38.125～38.179,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.570～15.575,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为18.293～18.311,Pb同位素构造判别投点落在地壳和地幔范围内,有向造山带线靠近的趋势,指示成矿物质主要来源于地幔,流纹斑岩提供了主要的钼来源。黄铜矿²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为38.202～38.257,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.581～15.621,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴     

西藏拿若铜（金）矿床硫、铅同位素组成及成矿物质来源

为探讨多龙矿集区拿若铜(金)矿床的成矿物质来源,研究矿床成矿机制,本文在详细的野外地质调查和矿石学研究基础上对矿石样品进行硫和铅同位素分析,并对成因意义进行讨论。研究结果表明,17件金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值变化于-2.3‰～2.3‰之间,均值为-0.1‰;其中13件黄铁矿δ³⁴S值变化范围为-2.3‰～2.3‰,均值为0.2‰;4件黄铜矿的δ³⁴S值变化范围为-1.5～-0.8‰,均值为-1.1‰。δ³⁴S值频率直方图总体具有塔式分布特征,平均值接近于零,具幔源硫特征。金属硫化物的²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb介于38.209～38.854之间,平均值为38.635;²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb变化范围为15.541～15.665,平均值为15.605;²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴b为17.942～18.580,平均值为18.461,具有正常铅的特征。铅同位素μ值变化范围为9.40～9.57,均...     

Pre-Cenozoic intra-plate magmatism along the Central Andes (17–34°S): Composition of the mantle at an active margin

Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios of alkaline mafic intra-plate magmatism constrain the isotopic compositions of the lithospheric mantle along what is now the eastern foreland or back arc of the Cenozoic Central Andes (17–34°S). Most small-volume basanite volcanic rocks and alkaline intrusive rocks of Cretaceous (and rare Miocene) age were derived from a depleted lithospheric mantle source with rather uniform initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ( 0.5127–0.5128) and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ( 0.7032–0.7040). The initial ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios are variable (18.5–19.7) at uniform ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios (15.60 ± 0.05). A variety of the Cretaceous depleted mantle source of the magmatic rocks shows elevated Sr isotope ratios up to 0.707 at constant high Nd isotope ratios. The variable Sr and Pb isotope ratios are probably due to radiogenic growth in a metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which represents the former sub-arc mantle beneath the early Palaeozoic active continental margin. Sr–Nd–Pb isotope signatures of a second mantle type reflected in the composition of Cretaceous (one late Palaeozoic age) intra-plate magmatic rocks (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd  0.5123, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr  0.704, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb  17.5–18.5, and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb  15.45–15.50) are similar to the isotopic composition of old sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the Brazilian Shield.

Published Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc-related magmatic rocks (18–40°S) represent the composition of the convective sub-arc mantle in the Central Andes and are similar to those of the Cretaceous (and rare Miocene) intra-plate magmatic rocks. The dominant convective and lithospheric mantle type beneath this old continental margin is depleted mantle, which is compositionally different from average MORB-type depleted mantle. The old sub-continental lithospheric mantle did not contribute to Mesozoic to Cenozoic arc magmatism.     

滇西花岗岩类 Pb、Sr 同位素组成特征及其基底时代和性质

澜沧江西侧的临沧花岗岩带和怒江以西的腾冲花岗岩带是滇西最主要的两个花岗岩带,它们形成于不同构造环境。Pb、Sr 同位素研究表明,腾冲花岗岩主要来源于1200-2000Ma 的上地壳(或未分异的地壳)物质,同位素组成变化范围较小,说明源区物质组分较均一。临沧带 Pb 同位素组成变化较大,其物源是上地壳、造山带和上地幔不均匀的混合物,基底时代为800-1600Ma。因此,临沧地区和腾冲地区的基底时代和性质不同,应视为两个不同的基底地体。     

Pb/Pb age determinations on the Newania and Sevattur carbonatites of India: evidence for multi-stage histories

The ages of Indian carbonatites are still controversial. Most of the earlier datings were done by K/Ar methods. We therefore analysed Pb/Pb ratios in carbonatites from carbonatite-alkalic complexes of Newania (NW India, Rajasthan State) and Sevattur (SW India, Tamil Nadu State) to constrain the age and geological history of these rocks. Newania carbonatites are intrusive into Precambrian Untala granite-gneiss and mainly dolomitic in composition (rauhaugite) followed by a later phase of ankerite carbonatite, while thin calcite carbonatite (sövite) dykelets are the youngest in the sequence. The analysed whole-rock samples are characterised by ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios between 60 and 176 and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios between 22 and 40, which are extremely high in comparison to common igneous rocks and even for carbonatite compositions. One sample, New 37, shows the extreme ratios of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 574 and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 73. This requires a μ-value of about 2000 for the last 1550 Ma. If the samples are classified according to their petrographic/geochemical characteristics this results in an isochron age of 1551 ± 46 Ma for the ankerite carbonatites (six samples). The dolomites (6 samples) yield an isochron age of 2.27 Ga. Although these results fit quite well into the geological evolution scheme of the area, the extreme long age hiatus between dolomite carbonatite and ferrocarbonatite formation events raises severe problems for their petrologic interpretation.

The Proterozoic Sevattur carbonatite complex (SCC, Tamil Nadu) was emplaced contemporaneously with a large number of carbonatite complexes within the Precambrian gneissic terrane of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. The main mass is composed of dolomite carbonatite (rauhaugite) with a few dikes of calcite carbonatite (sövite) and ankerite carbonatite within it. All eight samples together yield an isochron of 805 ± 10 Ma. This isochron is mainly determined on ankerite carbonatites with μ-values up to 1900 for the last 800 Ma. Taking only ankerite carbonatites into account, the resulting age is 801 ± 11 Ma. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of these samples are similar to the main group of Newania and far beyond the isotopic composition of common igneous rocks.

Our investigations show that in carbonatitic rock systems extremely high lead isotopic ratios can be established due to the crystallization of uranium-rich mineral phases. In both cases the observed high to extremely high initial Pb isotope ratios require the residence of the lead in intermediate high-μ reservoirs either within the upper mantle or the crust prior to the carbonatite formation. A high-temperature event, which completely reset the Rb/Sr and K/Ar isotopic systems of Nevania carbonatites, seems to have no influence on the lead isotopic systematics.     

Sr, Nd and Pb Isotopic Systematics of the Cenozoic Basalts of the Korean Peninsula and Their Implications for the Permo-Triassic Continental Collision Boundary

Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of the Cenozoic basalts were analyzed from Baengnyeongdo Island, Jeongok, Ganseong, and Jejudo Island of Korea. They reveal relatively enriched Sr and Nd isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.703300.70555, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512980.51256) compared with MORB.²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of all the analyzed Korean basalts lie above the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line (NHRL) defined by Hart (1984). Pb isotopic compositions of basalts from Jejudo Islands (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.6119.12, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.5415.69, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.9839.72) are significantly more radiogenic than the rest (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.7218.03, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.4415.58, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.7738.64). The Cenozoic Korean basalts thus can be divided into two groups based on their Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. The north group reveals mixing between DMM and EM1 while the south group displays DMM-EM2 mixing. Such a distribution is the same as Chinese Cenozoic basalts and it can be interpreted that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle under Korea represents simple lateral continuation of the South and North China Blocks. We suggest that Korean continental collision zone cross the Korean Peninsula through the region between the north and south basalt groups of Korea.     

Isotopic constraints on time scales and mechanisms of slab material transport in the mantle wedge: evidence from the Simcoe mantle xenoliths, Washington, USA

Spinel harzburgite and websterite mantle xenoliths from Simcoe volcano in southern Washington represent fragments of mantle lithosphere from the back-arc side of the Cascade arc front. Previous studies have shown that metasomatism by either silica-rich fluids or hydrous melts crystallized phlogopite, imparted high oxygen fugacities (0.3 to 1.4 log units above QFM), and more radiogenic Os isotopic compositions on these peridotites. These features are consistent with part or all of the metasomatic agent being derived from the Juan de Fuca slab. New Re–Os, Sm–Nd, Sr, and U–Th–Pb isotopic data shed further light on the origin and composition of the metasomatic agent. The clinopyroxenes from the xenoliths have correlated Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.63–19.55, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.56–15.63, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.22–38.87). The most radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions extend beyond the most radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions for the Cascade arc lavas and display a shallower trend. Mixtures between Juan de Fuca basalts and pelagic or terrigenous sediments would result in Pb isotopic compositions that are not radiogenic enough in ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb at the high ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb end of this array. Therefore, models for rapid transfer of components from the slab to the mantle lithosphere are not viable in this case. Instead, a multi-stage model is preferred. In the first stage, the slab component is transferred via fluid or melt into, and reacts with the hanging wall mantle. This results in a residual slab depleted in Pb relative to U and Th, and consequent high U/Pb and Th/Pb. Additional dehydration or melting of the slab imparts this chemical signature to the peridotite in the hanging wall. In the second stage, the hybridized hanging wall peridotite evolves for tens of million years until corner flow drags it down to deeper levels in the mantle wedge where melting occurs in response to higher temperatures. In the third stage, this melt migrates upward where it metasomatizes the mantle lithosphere represented by the Simcoe xenoliths. Trace element compositions of the clinopyroxenes, and the presence of high alkali glasses in the xenoliths, are consistent with the metasomatic agent derived from the hybridized hanging wall being alkali-rich, and possibly similar to potassic-rich lavas found in arc and back-arc settings. These data therefore demonstrate the importance of the hybridized hanging wall mantle above slabs as a source for melts which can be metasomatic agents in the upper mantle, and as a site for storage of material derived from the slab for periods of at least tens of million years.     

辽宁省桃源铅锌矿床成矿物质来源——硫、铅同位素组成特征

桃源铅锌矿床是辽东青城子矿集区中部新发现的一个中型铅锌矿床,矿体赋存于古元古界辽河群大石桥组,受地层和断裂控制明显。目前缺乏针对该矿床的成矿物质来源研究,导致对矿床成因认识不清。本文在详细野外调研和室内镜下观察的基础上,系统地研究了桃源铅锌矿床的硫、铅同位素特征。分析结果显示：桃源铅锌矿床中硫化物的δ³⁴S值区间为3.5‰~8.9‰,平均为5.5‰,显示了具有幔源硫的特征;铅同位素²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb分别为17.969~18.309（均值为18.076）、15.572~15.669（均值为15.617）和38.222~38.371（均值为38.312）,μ值变化范围为9.46~9.62（均值为9.55）,绝大多数低于地壳正常值。在铅同位素判别图解上位于上地壳与地幔铅同位素演化线之间,显示了具有壳幔混合的特点。桃源铅锌矿床的硫、铅同位素组成与青城子铅锌-金银矿集区和印支期岩体类似,成矿热液来自深部岩浆,与辽河群围岩的硫、铅同位素分布有明显的不同。因此,初步认为桃源铅锌矿床是与深部岩浆流体活动有关的岩浆热液型铅锌矿床。     

Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of the Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia

The Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions for the Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex (PCC), Kola Peninsula, NW Russia, have been determined to characterize the mantle sources involved and to evaluate the relative contributions of a plume and subcontinental lithospheric mantle in the formation of the complex. The Kovdor PCC is a part of the Kovdor ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite massif, and consists of six intrusions. The initial isotopic ratios of the analyzed samples, calculated at 380 Ma, display limited variations: ε_Nd, + 2.0 to + 4.7; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, 0.70319 to 0.70361 (ε_Sr, − 12.2 to − 6.2); ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 18.38 to 18.74; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.45 to 15.50; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 37.98 to 39.28. The Nd and Sr isotope data of the Kovdor PCC generally fit the patterns of the other phoscorites and carbonatites from the Kola Alkaline Province (KAP), but some data are slightly shifted from the mixing line defined as the Kola Carbonatite Line, having more radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. However, the less radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions and negative Δ7/4 values of Pb isotopes of the analyzed samples exclude crustal contamination, but imply the involvement of a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source. Isotopic variations indicate mixing of at least three distinct mantle components: FOZO-like primitive plume component, EMI-like enriched component and DMM-like depleted component. The isotopic nature of the EMI- and DMM-like mantle component observed in the Kovdor samples is considered to be inherited from metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle. This supports the previous models invoking plume–lithosphere interaction to explain the origin of the Devonian alkaline carbonatite magmatism in the KAP.