软式扫浅在港池疏浚工程的应用

针对码头港池疏浚工程中浅点施工的难点,利用扫海测量进行港池检测,及时发现施工中留下的浅点。分析了GPS定位和信标系统在疏浚工程中的缺陷以及各种类型浅点的特点;介绍了软式扫浅的基本原理、构架和优势;阐述了用软式扫床法对分散型浅点进行扫浅的案例;解决了疏浚工程中清理浅点和航行障碍物的问题,保证了船舶航行及停靠的安全。     

水深、扫海测量应用于港池、航道疏浚清浅

利用水深测量及扫海测量，对航道土方工程吸爬方法和抓斗方法疏浚后的港池、航道进行检测，及时发现施工中留下的浅点，解决疏浚工程中清理浅点和航行障碍物的问题，保证船舶航行及停靠的安全。     

多波束测量技术在海底地形浅点探测中的应用

多波束测量技术在现代海洋测绘工作中已经得到了广泛的应用,逐步取代了传统的单波束测量。本文结合工程实例介绍了多波束测量系统的安装、调试、数据编辑、三维成图等方面内容,探讨了多波束测量技术在海底地形浅点探测中的应用,分析了多波束测量技术在浅点探测中的优势、不足以及解决问题的方法。     

多波束测深系统性能测试及其在疏浚工程中的应用

以Seabat8125多波束测深系统为例,介绍该系统的安装校准和性能测试的过程以及在疏浚工程中的应用,为多波束系统的验收和疏浚测量的应用提供参考。     

海底基岩高程测量中浅地层剖面仪数据处理方法研究

本文从浅地层剖面仪在海洋地球物理探测中的应用为出发点,介绍了浅地层剖面仪采集数据的构成后,提出了一种基于ESRI公司ArcGIS平台数据处理方法,并结合某跨海大桥工程桥墩附近基岩高程测量的实例,证明了该方法的快速、有效性,最后提出了对于浅地层剖面数据处理方法的结论与展望。     

疏浚工程GIS的功能设计与应用

简述GIS在港口、航道疏浚工程中的应用及其功能设计,介绍疏浚过程的土层剖面形成及基于水深测量数据的断面叠加功能.     

GPSRTK与数字测深集成技术在航道疏浚中的应用

针对目前航道疏浚、兴建港口等水下测量任务众多,以某航道疏浚工程为例,阐述RTK与数字测深仪集成技术在水下地形测量中的应用,介绍断面法计算疏浚工程量的方法,并得出一定的技术结论,对类似的工程项目具有借鉴意义。     

RTK航道疏浚应用及工程坐标转换参数的获取

本文结合实时差分(RealTimeDifference)GPS定位技术在某海港航道疏浚工程中的应用,介绍了GPS导航定位测量中WGS-84坐标与工程坐标系的转换方法及应用。     

声学深拖系统在海底冷泉调查中的应用

结合冷泉区天然气羽状流气柱的特征和已有的探测成果,文中使用新型的声学深拖在疑似冷泉点附近开展试验性调查。利用搭载在深拖上的高分辨率侧扫声呐和Chirp型浅地层剖面仪及多波束系统获取冷泉点附近的侧扫声呐数据、海底浅部地层剖面数据及多波束水体数据。3个疑似冷泉在侧扫声呐图像上呈现明显的亮斑,多波束水体数据可探测冷泉并确定冷泉位置,在浅地层剖面数据上可见清晰的声学反射空白带,指示天然气水合物的运移通道,同时在冷泉点3附近还发现一个新的冷泉异常点。研究结果表明,采用深拖作业,结合多种声学技术手段,可对冷泉目标物进行立体声学探测,为冷泉的快速勘查与识别定位提供科学可靠的技术依据,验证先前调查手段和分析方法的正确性。     

航道疏浚工程竣工验收数字化测量技术研究

根据航道疏浚工程竣工验收数字化测量作业流程,阐述了航道疏浚工程竣工验收测量方法和技巧,并借助测量成图软件CASS,绘制航道疏浚工程竣工图,并对绘制过程中的相关技术问题进行了探讨。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。