甚高频电话故障及排除

随着气象业务工作的不断发展，甚高频电话在各台站得到广泛应用．采用甚高频电话．将气象信息准确、实时地进行传输，提高了时效，在气象预报工作中发挥了巨大作用．目前，我们采用的甚高频电话是国营第七—一厂生产的JZD系列无线电话机。它们的工作原理基本上相同，只是具体线路的设计不同而已．发射部分主要由话音处理电路主振、调相和倍频、强放和保护电路等组成．接收部分主要由高放、二次变频、鉴频器、低放等组成．甚高频电话在使用过程中，由于各种原因，特别是在恶劣的气候条件下，某些元件失去作用或参数改变，造成线路故障或机…     

对提高“121”气象电话咨询服务质量的思考

“121”气象信息电话服务从1997年开通至今已有5年，为国家经济建设、社会发展和人民生活提供了丰富的气象信息服务，获得了社会公众与千家万户的信赖，其拔听率不断上升，已成为气象部门公众气象信息服务和科技服务的重要手段和窗口之一。为进一步提高知名度，必须稳定现有用户群体，不断拓宽新增用户群体，加强服务意识，提高服务质量，加强宣传策划工作。     

语音技术在气象报文传输中的应用

本文主要介绍了电话语音卡的基本工作原理在电话语音传报系统中的应用，为保证报务员用电话按键输入报文所建立的语音工作流程和解决的技术难题。     

影响气象信息服务电话拨打率的因素

从泰安市2000-2001年“121”电话气象信息服务实际出发，揭示了影响“121”电话拨打率的三种主要客观因素，并指出其拨打率与用户群、季节和信箱内容有效为密切的关系；同时提出了提高“121”电话拨打率的三种途径，即增强气象服务信息的准确性和及时性，丰富服务内容和拓宽服务领域，加强“121”气象信息服务电话宣传。     

浅谈“121”电话的服务与管理

“１２１”气象信息电话服务是气象部门的支柱产业之一，优势明显，潜力极大。今年以来，我们本着“一切为了用户，一切方便用户，一切服务于用户”的宗旨。着力在增强服务功能，优化服务方式，加大宣传力度，提高拨打次数上做文章。８个月来拨打次数和服务收费均较往年同期有明显提高，收到良好的效果。１增加信箱，充实内容，加大宣传力度我们先后开通信箱２００多个。除将常规气象信息录入相关信箱外，还把忻府区５所小学的课程表录入其中，后在有关学校附近分期分批大量散发传单，利用小学生天真好奇的心理拨打“１２１”查询课程表。对…     

气象信息电话咨询服务业发展中的问题与对策

从国内气象信息电话咨询服务业发展实际出发，揭示了存在其中的品牌效应不明显、发展不平衡、项目定位不够明确以及抵御潜在风险的能力不强等四大问题，指出了壮大气象信息电话咨询服务业的关键是项目定位准确，并在此基础上提出了若干相应的对策。     

121气象信息电话语音系统设计

介绍了121气象信息电话语言系统的基本原理和构架，对系统构架和应用软件开发提出了具体建议和思路。     

远程网信息自动拷贝系统

针对广西地（市）台用手工方法拷贝区台网络信息存在的问题，为了把手工业务流程自动化，提高信息时效，促进预报工作的发展。我们设计了网络信息自动拷贝系统。该系统具有自动化程度高，人机界面好的优点，适用于各地（市）台的远程工作站。     

吉林省气象部门IP电话网络系统简介

随着我国信息技术的快速发展，宽带网络业务已在气象部门中得到广泛使用，近日，吉林省气象部门建成了覆盖全省各级气象台站的宽带专线网络，该网络具有快速、灵活、易维护等特点，基于这个网络，我们建成了连通全省各级气象台站的IP电话网络。该IP电话网络硬件性能好，软件技术成型，具有延时短、音质好的特点。该电话网的投入使用，将大大节省办公电话费用。本文从结构、技术要点等方面介绍一下吉林省气象部门IP电话网络系统。     

浅谈如何加强对局机关电话的管理

现在通讯技术的发展一日千里，电话遍布千家万户，它的广泛使用给我们的工作和生活带来了极大的快捷和方便。但如何能够管理好电话有效控制话费，是每个单位行政后勤工作的一项重要内容。机关单位管理电话最普遍的方法就是用盒子将电话锁起来，由某领导或专人负责管理，有什么事需经请示后方可打电话，这种方法既没有提高办事效率，又不能从根本上控制话费流失。磁卡电话也是目前各单位使用较普遍的一种，有关人员人持一卡，卡用完后再领，由于每人岗位不同，职责不同，也很难有统一标准来控制磁卡金额，没有持卡的人打电话是不方便了，但持…     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

A review of recent advances in research on Asian monsoon in China

This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily： （1） the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. （2） The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. （3） The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Plateau itself. （4） Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon （ASM） in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula （ICP） and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. （5） The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM）, which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. （6） The revelation of the ＂planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band＂ from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. （7） Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in Ch     

Model simulations of rainout and washout from a warm stratiform cloud

A one-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model with parameterized microphysics is used to investigate the processes which control the rainout and washout of soluble gases from warm, precipitating stratiform clouds. Calculations are presented simulating the distributions of soluble species within and below the cloud layer and in the precipitating raindrops as a function of time and species' solubility. Our calculations indicate that for species with low solubility, wet removal processes are relatively slow and thus do not significantly affect the species' gas-phase abundance. As a result, the removal of low-solubility species by rainout and washout is controlled by thermodynamic processes with the concentration of the species in cloud and rainwater largely determined by the species' solubility. For highly soluble species on the other hand, dissolution into cloud droplets and removal in rain is quite rapid and the abundance of highly soluble species within and below the cloud falls rapidly as soon as the precipitation begins. Because of this rapid decrease in concentration, we find that for highly soluble species: concentrations in cloud droplets near the cloud base can exceed that of raindrops by factors of 2 to 10; washout can dominate over rainout as a removal mechanism; and that, after an extended period of rainfall, the rate of removal becomes independent of the microphysical properties and rainfall rate of the cloud and is controlled by the rate of transport of material into the precipitating column by horizontal advection.     

Field Experimental Investigations on the Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-Content in Cloudwater Samples

The Fe(II)/Fe(III)-partition in cloudwater samples collected during two field campaigns is evaluated. It turned out that the simultaneous occurrence of complexing and reducing substances in the atmosphere and the cloud processing increase the solubility of iron compounds present in aerosol particles. A correlation between the concentration of iron(II) in the liquid phase and the intensity of the solar irradiation was observed for most of the cloudwater samples. This could be due to the fact that both the photochemical reduction of the iron(III) complexes and the photochemical reductive dissolution of iron(III)(hydr)oxides are depending on the pH-value. Iron(II) seems to be oxidised back to iron(III) preferably by hydrogen peroxide during the night. Positive correlations were received e.g. between the concentration of dissolved iron and the concentration of oxalate and between the percentage of iron(III) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. A negative correlation was found e.g. between the concentration of dissolved iron and the pH-value. The uncertainty of the whole process of sampling and analysis was investigated and the conformity of the results was satisfying considering the sometimes difficult conditions during a field campaign.     

我国霾研究进展与公共安全影响应对*

在给出霾的定义、特征及空间分布的基础上,介绍了霾的物理学特性、化学特性及气象学研究的最新进展,分析了霾对公共卫生健康、交通安全的影响, 提出了科学编制防御规划、统筹建立协调机制、有效推进减霾行动、提供相应科技支撑、完善相关政策法规等对策建议,对于政府相关部门制定霾天气应对和防治措施具有积极的决策参考作用,减少或减轻霾对经济社会发展和人体健康带来的损害威胁。     

钉钉机器人在气象设备和网络监控中的应用

为保证各类气象设备和网络稳定运行,出现故障及时通知到人,针对目前气象设备监视和报警存在的问题,设计开发气象设备及网络监控报警软件,出现异常情况通过钉钉机器人开放接口发送报警信息到手机和电脑钉钉群,提醒业务人员及时处理故障,实现气象设备、网络情况自动监控,自动报警功能。通过业务运行表明,该软件在气象设备及网络监控业务中能提高发现设备和网络故障的时效,自动化程度高,缩短了维护人员处理故障的时效性,是钉钉机器人在气象设备和网络监测报警应用的积极探索。     

人工影响天气弹药储运安全保障探讨

人工影响天气弹药仓储、运输困难严重影响安全作业.以湖南省人工影响天气弹药储运为例,从现代管理技术和机制上探讨人工影响天气弹药储运安全保障措施.结果表明,采用分区划片、区域保障的仓储原则可以解决炮弹火箭弹禁止混存的问题;通过物联网系统建设实现弹药信息化科学管理,通过构建政府主导、军地协同、部门落实的人工影响天气弹药安全保...     

广西1999年12月严重霜冻与典型霜冻重年的环流对比分析

通过对1999年12月广西严重霜冻天气同期500hPa高度场和海平面气压场特征及前期500 hPa高度的相关场分析,得到北半球中高纬度槽脊的位置与强度,地面大陆冷高压强弱,是影响广西12月霜冻的主要环流形势;当年1月、9月极涡强度、位置,北美高压脊强度,及黑海附近低槽强弱,是影响广西12月霜冻天气重、轻的重要因子。     

中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究：进展与展望

冰冻圈变化的适应研究是冰冻圈科学领域的新兴研究方向,是当今自然科学与社会科学交叉融合跨学科集成研究的典型代表。起步于2007年的中国冰冻圈变化适应研究,经历了早期的探索,研究重点由评价脆弱性发展为量化冰冻圈变化的影响,形成以影响/风险—脆弱性—适应全链条的完善的研究体系,研究方法突破传统的指标体系赋权法的不足,初步实现了定量化,有机结合影响/风险、脆弱性、适应三方面的研究结果,使冰冻圈变化的适应措施由偏重宏观性、普适性开始转向更有针对性。未来中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究应拓展、完善和深化现有的理论体系,构建冰冻圈与社会经济耦合模型,科学量化冰冻圈全要素变化的影响,建立不同利益相关者与科学家共同参与的研究新模式,科学有效应对与适应冰冻圈变化及其影响。     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.Theresults show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system isessentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipativesystem,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that thejoint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must beconsidered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.