太湖晚冰期—全新世气候、环境变化的沉积记录

本文根据西太湖３．９６ｍ长湖泊岩芯沉积物的地球化学、微体古生物的综合分析,讨论了太湖距今１４００多年来的演化过程,结果表明：１４３００－１３０００ａＢＰ气候干旱,西太湖尚未形成：１３００－１１０３０ａＢＰ降水增加,湖泊形成,但气候偏凉;１１０３０－１０２００ａＢＰ是一个较显著的冷偏湿期,湖泊水位相对较深;１０２００－９５００ａＢＰ为一温干时期;９５００－７２００ａＢＰ是偏暖湿的过渡阶段,内部波动剧     

13kaBP以来滇池地区古环境演

根据ＤＣ９３－１孔孢粉组合、总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）、总氮（ＴＮ）、碳氮比（Ｃ／Ｎ）、有机碳同位素δ＾１３Ｃｒｏｇ、磁化率（ｘ）、频率磁化率（ｘｆｄ）等资料,结合＾１４Ｃ、＾２１０Ｐｂ和＾１３７Ｃｓ测年,汗池地区１３ｋａ以来的古环境演化历史经历了以下几个阶段：１３－１０．２ｋａＢＰ,气候偏凉湿,湖水深度不大;１０．２－７．５ｋａＢＰ,气候向暖湿过渡,湖水渐深：７．５－４．０ｋａＢＰ,气候暖湿,水热条件达     

若尔盖盆地RH孔近80万年来δ13Corg气候特征的频谱分析

运用最大熵谱方法,对若尔盖深钻８００ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来有机碳同位素序列进行了频谱分析,结果表明;１）０－８００ｋａＢ．Ｐ该地区存在有准８０ｋａ,６０ｋａ,４１ｋａ和２０ｋａ的周期,其中４１ｋａ和２０ｋａ的周期来米氏计算的地倾角及岁差周期较一致;２）０－４８０ｋａＢ．Ｐ,以１００ｋａ周期为主,其次为４１ｋａ和２０ｋａ,与米氏计算的各天文周期相一致;３）４８０－８００ｋａＢ．Ｐ．出现有１１５ｋａ,３３ｋ     

岱海的"中世纪暖期"

内蒙古岱海沉积物近2200a来Rb/Sr比值、CaCO3和有机碳含量的变化展现了包括中世纪暖期（MWP）及小冰期（LIA）等典型气候事件在内的环境演化过程,总体表现为暖期的沉积物Rb/Sr比值低,冷期的则高：CaCO3和有机碳含量则相反。这里,以单一流域化学风化记录表明我国北方存在明显的中世纪暖期,发生时间约900－1200aB.P..主要环境特征表现为流域化学风化的显著增强（低Rb/Sr比值）、生物生产力逐步提高（高有机碳）、湖泊水位大幅度抬升的湖泊沉积记录,其间经历的化学风化是近两千年内最强的,并且其发生时间与全球其他地区基本一致。     

龙感湖地区近3000年来的气候环境变迁

本文通过分析龙感湖沉积物中的色素、孢粉、硅藻研究结果,探讨该区近３０００年来环境气候波动特点,结果表明：３２００－２４００ａＢＰ,色素含量较高,与温度条件较好有关。该带孢粉浓度也最高,阔叶乔木绎种花粉丰富,湿生及水生植物经常出现。总体上为相对暖湿阶段,其中仍有凉湿波动。２４００－１６００ａＢＰ,具体分为两个阶段,前期约２４００－２０００ａＢＰ,ＣＤ、ＴＤ、Ｍｙｘ含量明显较低,水生、湿生草本减少,气     

近1800年来云南洱海流域气候变化与人类活动的湖泊沉积记录

对云南洱海湖泊岩芯沉积物进行了多环境指标（年代学、色素、硅藻、有机碳稳定同位素、磁化率、化学元素）的分析,建立了近１８００年来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列,气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合呈些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海源泊沉积记录中均有反映,洱海湖泊上沉积记录的气候暖干－冷湿交替变化规律,反映了西南委风影响下的气候演化特征,湖泊沉积记录中包含丰富的人类以的信息,磁化率,元     

内蒙古额济纳旗嘎顺淖尔XK1孔揭示的第四纪晚期沉积特点及古环境

通过对嘎顺淖尔XK1孔沉积岩芯的岩性特征及多种环境代用指标的综合分析,初步认为:中更新世早中期,29．6 -42．5m(推测时代为距今218．3 kaBP以前),气候温凉偏干,滨湖与洪积相交替;距今218．3-172．8 kaBP气候温凉偏湿, 湖泊面积扩大,以滨浅湖-浅湖沉积为主,并一度出现半深湖环境;距今172．8-93．4 kaBP,沉积环境为湖滨相与洪积相交替,气候特点是冷凉干旱;距今93．4-67．4 kaBP,沉积环境以淡水浅湖为主,夹湖滨相．气候温偏湿;距今67．4-54．0 kaBP ,湖滨相沉积为主,气候温凉偏干;距今54-48．9 kaBP,气候暖湿的浅湖环境,气温较高;距今48．9-42．6 kaBP,凉而且干旱的气候特点,沉积相为湖滨相;42．6-0 kaBP,气候暖湿、凉干交替,浅湖相为主．     

土壤有机碳地球化学及其与岩溶作用的关系：以桂林丫吉村岩溶？…

岩溶土壤有机碳地球化学研究表明：岩溶土壤是有机碳的巨大储库;土壤有机碳含量以松结态为主,紧结态次之,稳结态最少;土壤表层,鞍部、坡地土壤有机碳较活跃（较多松结态）,为岩溶作用ＣＯ２的丰富来源。有机碳可氧化性分级分析表明：表层土壤有机碳中易氧化态占６０－８５％,Ａ层土壤较Ｂ层更易被氧化;土壤来源ＣＯ２是岩溶驱动ＣＯ２的潜在动力。从鞍部－坡地－洼地,Ｂ层土壤有机碳可氧化性由弱到强递增。野外监测表明：在     

若尔盖盆地RH孔有机碳同位素序列指示的古气候事件诊断

定量化是过去全球气候变化研究的必然趋势,突变事件的诊断是古气候定量化研究中极其重要的过程。本文运用Ｍ－Ｋ法和ｔ检验法对ＲＨ孔有机碳同位素序列进行了气候突变诊断研究。结果发现,近８００ｋａＢＰ来该区气候存在明显的突变,且突变开始于４７０ｋａＢＰ。进一步的研究发现４７０ｋａＢＰ开始的这一气候突变事件与青藏高原的构造隆升有密切的关系。     

鄱阳湖湖口地区4500年来孢粉组合及古气候变迁

通过对鄱阳湖湖口梅家刘ZK_2孔沉积物的孢粉分析研究,初步恢复了4500年来湖口地区的古植被演替及古气候变迁历史．其古气候变化经历了以下几个阶段：4．5－3．8kaB．P,气候暖湿;3．8－3．4kaBP,气候凉偏干;3．4—3．0kaB．P,气候温暖偏湿;3．0kaB．P．前后,为一短暂的降温时期,气候凉湿;2．8－2．35kaB．P,气候温暖偏湿;2．35kaBP．以来,气候偏凉,但仍存在数次微弱的冷暖波动．     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

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Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.