惯性辅助强多径环境中的北斗三频周跳探测与修复

针对北斗三频信号,引入了惯性信息辅助周跳探测与修复,建立了北斗/INS松组合模型,提高了多径误差严重影响下的BDS周跳探测成功率和修复率。在常规伪距-相位组合与几何无关组合探测三频周跳的基础上,提出了INS定位辅助的北斗三频组合法,构建了INS辅助的周跳决策量,分析了INS定位误差对周跳探测的影响。该方法克服了周跳探测受伪距观测值精度影响的不足,实现了北斗系统多径环境中的小周跳探测。试验采用船载INS/BDS三频组合系统进行数据实测分析,结果表明,在水面强多径噪声环境导致传统三频探测模型失效的情况下,该方法显著提高了探测成功率与修复率,并适用于低频北斗观测数据。     

应用EKF平滑算法提高GPS/INS定位定姿精度

为了提高城市遮挡环境下GPS较长时间(60s)无法单独定位情况下GPS/INS组合定位定姿精度,研究了扩展卡尔曼滤波及其RTS(Rauch Tung Striebel)平滑算法;同时给出了基于ψ角惯导误差模型的GPS/INS组合系统状态方程和基于位置、速度更新的量测方程。实验中模拟GPS信号失锁60s,应用RTS后处理算法进行了GPS/INS组合数据处理。结果表明,扩展卡尔曼滤波EKF平滑算法可以有效地提高城市遮挡环境下GPS/INS组合定位定姿精度,特别是对GPS失锁的情况。从而很大程度上降低对高成本惯导的依赖。     

高精度差分GPS/INS组合系统中的模糊度处理策略

本文简要介绍了差分GPS/INS组合系统在单历元模式和多历元模式下适用的模糊度基本解算方法,分析了各自的优缺点,并提出了一种综合的GPS/INS组合系统模糊度处理策略。实验表明,在综合两种模式的动态模糊度解算方法的基础上引入基于周跳探测修复的模糊度传递以及INS辅助,对于不良观测条件下的模糊度固定具有十分显著的改善。     

GPS双频非差周跳探测修复SET法

分析了TurboEdit方法中MW组合和GF组合的缺陷,提出了GPS双频非差周跳探测修复SET（satellite elevation TurboEdit）法。设计了自适应滑动窗口模型对MW组合进行改进,避免了在低高度角时引入多径误差和噪声误差对后续处理精度的影响,增强了对小周跳的探测与修复能力。对GF（geometry-free）组合中引入的伪距误差采用历元间求差法进行替换,同时在卫星低高度角时,对其探测阈值引入高度角加权系数,有效剔除虚假周跳,提高周跳探测成功率与可靠性。在探测出周跳后,联合两种方法组合进行周跳修复。实验结果表明,SET法能够有效地抑制低高度角时的多径效应和观测噪声,降低周跳误探率,并对周跳进行有效修复。     

实时精密单点定位中周跳探测与修复的算法研究

提出了一种适用于实时GPS精密单点定位的周跳探测与修复的新算法。该算法步骤为：①利用M-W组合和电离层残差组合初步确定没有发生周跳和可能发生周跳的卫星;②利用当前历元与前一（或几个）历元的L1、L2和Lw观测值和第一步得出的没有发生周跳的卫星信息,采用基于历元间差分观测值的周跳处理模型对可能发生周跳的卫星进行周跳探测;③对第二步中周跳处理失败的卫星进行进一步的精化处理,以尽可能修复周跳。实验表明,新算法在实时GPS精密单点定位中可以准确地探测并修复周跳。     

利用三频组合观测值的GPS周跳探测与修复

本文分析了GPS三频组合观测值在波长、电离层误差和偶然误差等方面的特性,并定义了衡量其特性的3种指标;结合传统的伪距/相位组合法,探讨了三频组合观测值探测与修复周跳的原理和方法。利用模拟的L5观测数据,进行了多种情况下周跳的探测与修复。结果表明:该方法能在单历元间准确探测出各个频率上发生的大、小不等的周跳。相对于原始观测值,长波长的三频组合观测值可以更有效地探测与修复周跳。     

基于伪距相位组合实时探测与修复GNSS三频非差观测数据周跳

三频观测量能形成具有更长波长、更小噪声、更小电离层影响等优良特性的组合观测量,有利于提高周跳探测和修复的精度。本文推导了伪距相位组合探测周跳的阈值条件;提出了周跳确定成功率的概念;并从提高周跳确定成功概率出发,给出了伪距相位组合选取的标准和方法;最后利用一组实测GPS三频数据进行了验证。结果表明,在数据采样率较高、历元间电离层延迟变化可忽略时,根据文中提出原则选取的最优伪距相位组合可实时探测和修复三频非差观测数据中的所有周跳。     

基于站际历元二次差模型探测与修复周跳的新方法

周跳探测与修复是高精度动态GPS定位的关键技术之一,直接影响模糊度在航解算的效率。针对动态相对定位中周跳探测方法“三差法”的不足,提出一种基于站际历元二次差模型进行探测与修复周跳的新方法。首先对站际历元间二次差观测值进行粗差探测,以确定发生周跳的卫星以及周跳初值;然后基于残差平方和最小原则搜索周跳备选组合并修复周跳。理论分析和实验结果均表明,当有效共视卫星多于4颗时,大多数情况下,新方法可以准确定位并修复周跳。     

利用小波阈值消噪改进M-W组合周跳探测性能

受伪距噪声的影响,Turbo Eidt法中M-W组合难以探测所有周跳。分析了M-W组合观测量的误差特性,指出伪距误差导致周跳漏检、探测延迟的原因。采用小波阈值消噪方法对M-W组合观测值进行处理,阈值估计使用Visushrink方法可削弱伪距噪声、增加周跳的辨识度。消噪后,周跳会发生扩散,除当前历元外,前后多个历元均会超出阈值,便于探测。实测数据结果表明:经小波消噪后的M-W组合观测值能够准确定位小至1周的所有周跳,避免漏检现象,增强周跳探测的可靠性。     

基于几何模型的惯性辅助PPP周跳修复与快速重新收敛

在复杂观测环境下,GNSS信号容易发生周跳和失锁现象,导致精密单点定位技术（PPP）模糊度重新初始化,影响定位精度及可靠性。本文基于PPP／SINS紧组合,提出了利用短时间内惯导递推的高精度位置信息辅助PPP周跳修复的几何模型。该模型采用原始观测值建立历元间差分方程,将周跳作为参数进行估计,而惯导提供的高精度位置作为带权的虚拟观测值参与平差解算,在固定周跳整数值后修复相位观测值,从而保持高精度的连续定位。以车载和机载两组数据分析了该方法的有效性,结果表明,引入惯性辅助能够显著加快PPP定位的重新收敛,实现周跳的准确修复。      

Cycle slip detection and repair of undifferenced single-frequency GPS carrier phase observations

Cycle slip detection and repair is an important issue in the GPS data processing. Different methods have been developed to detect and repair cycle slips on undifferenced , single- or double-differenced observations. The issue is still crucial for high-precision GPS positioning, especially for the undifferenced GPS observations. A method is proposed to fix cycle slips based on the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test. The method has a good performance on cycle slip fixing of undifferenced carrier phase observations on individual frequencies, either on L1 or on L2, without making a linear combination among the observables. The functional model is a piecewise cubic curve fitted to a number of consecutive data using the least squares cubic spline approximation (LS-CSA). For fixing the cycle slips, an integer estimation technique is employed to determine the integer values from the float solution. The performance of the proposed method is then compared with the existing two methods using simulated data. The results on a few GPS data sets with sampling rate of 1 Hz or higher confirm that this method can detect and correct all simulated cycle slips regardless of the size of the cycle slip or the satellite elevation angle. The efficacy of the method is then investigated on the GPS data sets with lower sampling rates of 5, 10, and 30 s. The results indicate that the proposed method always performs the best for the data sets considered. This is thus an appropriate method for cycle slip detection and repair of single-frequency GPS observations.     

一种GPS周跳探测与修复的组合算法

周跳是影响GPS定位精度的一个重要因素,对周跳的探测与修复一直是个重要问题。首先研究了电离层残差法、宽巷相位减窄巷伪距法两种经典方法的优缺点,提出了一种探测周跳的组合算法。根据周跳的整数特性,利用搜索整数解的思想确定周跳的大小进而修复周跳。经实测数据检验,该算法有效可行,有很强的实用性。     

A double-differenced cycle slip detection and repair method for GNSS CORS network

The difficulty to detect and repair cycle slip of carrier phase measurements is a key limit for continuously high accuracy of GNSS positioning and navigation services. We propose an automated cycle slip detection and repair method for data preprocessing of a CORS network. The method jointly uses double-differenced (DD) geometry-free (GF) combination and ionospheric-free observation corrected for the computed geometrical distance (IF-OMC) to estimate the cycle slips in dual-frequency observations. The DD GF combination, which is only affected by the ionospheric residual, can be used to detect cycle slips with high reliability except for special pairs such as (77, 60) on GPS L1/L2 frequencies. The detection principle of the IF-OMC observable is such that there is a large discontinuity related to the previous epoch when cycle slips occur at the present epoch. The disadvantages of these two combinations can be overcome employing the proposed detection method. The cycle slip pair (77, 60) has no effect on the GF combination, while a change of 14.65 m is derived from GPS L1/L2 observations using the IF-OMC algorithm. Using pre-determined station coordinates as precise values, we found that the accuracy of the DD IF-OMC combination was 18 mm for a 200-km CORS baseline. Therefore, cycle slips in dual-frequency observations can be correctly and uniquely determined using DD GF and IF-OMC equations. The proposed method was verified by adding simulated cycle slips in observations collected from the CORS network under a quiet ionosphere and shown to be effective. Moreover, the method was assessed with observations made during intense ionospheric activity, which generated extensive cycle slips. The results show that the algorithm can detect and repair all cycle slips apart from two exceptions relating to long data gaps.     

Cycle slip detection and repair for undifferenced GPS observations under high ionospheric activity

We develop a new approach for cycle slip detection and repair under high ionospheric activity using undifferenced dual-frequency GPS carrier phase observations. A forward and backward moving window averaging (FBMWA) algorithm and a second-order, time-difference phase ionospheric residual (STPIR) algorithm are integrated to jointly detect and repair cycle slips. The FBMWA algorithm is proposed to detect cycle slips from the widelane ambiguity of Melbourne–Wübbena linear combination observable. The FBMWA algorithm has the advantage of reducing the noise level of widelane ambiguities, even if the GPS data are observed under rapid ionospheric variations. Thus, the detection of slips of one cycle becomes possible. The STPIR algorithm can better remove the trend component of ionospheric variations compared to the normally used first-order, time-difference phase ionospheric residual method. The combination of STPIR and FBMWA algorithms can uniquely determine the cycle slips at both GPS L ₁ and L ₂ frequencies. The proposed approach has been tested using data collected under different levels of ionospheric activities with simulated cycle slips. The results indicate that this approach is effective even under active ionospheric conditions.     

惯导辅助的无电离层与宽巷组合周跳探测与修复方法

由于卫星信号被遮挡、低信噪比或接收机运动等原因,载波相位观测值较正常值会发生周跳。为解决这一问题,基于精密单点定位与惯导组合系统,提出了一种有效的惯导辅助周跳探测与修复方法。该方法基于无电离层（ionospheric free,IF）组合与宽巷（wide lane,WL）组合,利用惯导短时高精度信息代替伪距消除站星几何距离,结合历元间差、星间差等建立惯导辅助的IF组合模型和惯导辅助的WL组合模型。惯导辅助的IF组合模型不受电离层延迟影响,但无法探测特殊比例周跳,惯导辅助的WL组合模型波长较长,却无法探测双频等周周跳,两者的综合使用实现了优势互补。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能有效探测出各种大、小、双频等周和特殊比例周跳,而且在一定卫星信号中断时间内能实现周跳瞬时校正。     

CORS基准站周跳探测与修复方法研究

在高精度GNSS测量中,周跳的存在直接影响到整周模糊度的解算及最终定位精度。针对目前各省市连续运行基准站网多系统观测数据的获取导致周跳探测工作量增加,该文基于甘肃省卫星定位连续运行基准站网(GSCORS)双频观测值提出了一种满足普遍条件的多系统周跳探测方法。采用相位减伪距结合电离层残差法分别对GPS和BDS原始观测值进行周跳探测与修复,通过对相应载波的模拟周跳探测发现,BDS较大的卫星钟差和伪距噪声影响了数据质量,其周跳检测量时间序列波动大于GPS,对7周以上周跳探测的精度较GPS会有1周的偏差,但电离层残差法能对BDS相位减伪距法探测残留的1周小周跳进行二次探测并修复。实验最终证实该方法能够有效探测并且正确分离GPS和BDS每个频率1周以上的周跳。     

GPS/Pseudolite/INS integration: concept and first tests

This paper discusses the introduction of pseudolites (ground-based GPS-like signal transmitters) into existing integrated GPS/INS systems in order to provide higher availability, integrity, and accuracy in a local area. Even though integrated GPS/INS systems can overcome inherent drawbacks of each component system (line-of-sight requirement for GPS, and INS errors that grow with time), performance is nevertheless degraded under adverse operational circumstances. Some typical examples are when the duration of satellite signal blockage exceeds an INS bridging level, resulting in large accumulated INS errors that cannot be calibrated by GPS. Such a scenario, unfortunately, is a common occurrence for certain kinematic applications. To address such shortcomings, both pseudolite/INS and GPS/pseudolite/INS integration schemes are proposed here. Typically, the former is applicable for indoor positioning where the GPS signal is unavailable for use. The latter would be appropriate for system augmentation when the number and geometry of visible satellites is not sufficient for accurate positioning or attitude determination. In this paper, some technical issues concerned with implementing these two integration schemes are described, including the measurement model, and the appropriate integration filter for INS error estimation and correction through GPS and pseudolite (PL) carrier phase measurements. In addition, the results from the processing of simulated measurements, as well as field experiments, are presented in order to characterize the system performance. As a result, it has been established that the GPS/PL/INS and PL/INS integration schemes would make it possible to ensure centimeter-level positioning accuracy even if the number of GPS signals is insufficient, or completely unavailable. Electronic Publication     

一种改进的星载GPS周跳探测与修复方法

周跳探测与修复是星载GPS数据预处理的重要内容。首先使用SWARM卫星实测数据对TurboEdit算法的有效性进行了分析,针对算法在观测噪声较大情况下无法有效探测小周跳的问题,提出了一种改进算法。该算法利用载波相位观测值对伪距组合观测值进行平滑,降低了观测噪声对宽巷模糊度的影响,提高了周跳探测能力。实验结果表明,改进算法能够有效提高小周跳的探测能力。      

GPS/MEMS INS integrated system for navigation in urban areas

This paper evaluates the performance of a tightly coupled GPS/INS integrated system based on low cost MEMS IMUs in dense urban areas, and investigates two different methods to improve its performance. The first method used is to derive observations from two different constraint equations reflecting the behavior of a typical land vehicle. The first constraint equation is derived assuming that the vehicle does not slip and always remains in contact with the ground. If these assumptions are true the velocity of the vehicle in the plane perpendicular to the forward direction should be zero. The second constraint equation is derived from the fact that the height does not change much in a short time interval in a land vehicular environment. Thus, when a GPS outage occurs (partial/complete), the integrated system combines the INS and constraints-derived virtual measurements to keep the position and velocity errors bounded. This method is suitable for use in real-time applications. The second method is specifically suitable for a post-mission application and involves the use of Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother. The designed system performance is evaluated using two data sets collected in dense urban areas. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of different algorithms considered, in controlling the INS error growth, and indicates the potential of MEMS IMUs for use in land vehicle navigation applications.     

GPS周跳探测的两种方法研究

在GPS定位中,有时需要测站的高精度坐标,为此模糊度的解算和周跳的探测与修复成为关键问题,在周跳探测中,特别是小周跳的探测成为当今的热点问题。本文中利用接收机的双频观测值进行周跳的探测研究,通过实例分析,证明这两种方法可行。