焦磷酸根在即时合成阴离子粘土结构中的嵌入作用

污染物在矿物结构中的嵌入是固化、净化污染物的一种有前景的矿物学方法。焦磷酸根离子是工业废水中较难处理的工业磷污染源之一,研究新的除磷技术是水污染控制技术领域的重要课题之一。通过人工配制焦磷酸盐废水,初步研究镁一铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成阴离子粘土去除焦磷酸根的效果、影响因素和焦磷酸根离子在阴离子粘土结构中的嵌入作用。研究结果表明,通过镁一铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成阴离子粘土,焦磷酸根离子有效地嵌入阴离子粘土结构中,对焦磷酸根有非常好的去除效果。影响处理效果的主要因素是pH值和Mg／Al比值。pH值为9．0～10,Mg／Al比1：1～3：1时,都可以获得较好的去除效果。     

物理化学条件对合成Mg／Al-LDH结晶度和结构的影响

采用共沉淀法在不同物理条件下合成了一系列镁铝层状双氢氧化物(LDH),用化学分析、XRD和红外光谱对产物的组成与结构进行了表征,并探讨了初始溶液Mg/Al比、平衡pH值、水热反应温度、干燥温度等因素对合成LDH产物的结晶度、Mg/Al比、结构以及镁铝水解率的影响。结果表明,在实验条件范围内,最佳的合成条件为:初始Mg/Al比为2∶1,pH值为10,合成温度50℃,在此条件下固体产物为单一LDH物相,合成LDH的Mg/Al比为2∶1,镁铝水解率分别为99.21%和98.97%,结晶度高,可以实现在较低的温度下水热合成LDH。由于在LDH结构中Al3 替代Mg2 的量不同,导致X衍射分析d值和晶胞参数呈规律性变化。     

即时合成层状双氢氧化物处理高氟水的实验研究

提出了即时合成层状双氢氧化物去除F-的新方法,并初步揭示了反应的基本原理:首先由Mg2 、Al3 水解共沉淀形成LDH,然后F-嵌入LDH层间平衡结构电荷,从而使F-离子以LDH沉淀的形式被去除。研究结果表明,影响处理效果的因素包括Mg/Al比值、pH值、反应时间等。当Mg/Al为2∶1,pH值为9.5,反应时间为120 min时,F-去除率较高,Mg、Al利用比较充分,显示这种废水处理技术具有非常好的研究价值。     

软锰矿对酸性大红GR的氧化脱色研究

本文主要研究了天然软锰矿对酸性大红GR的脱色效果,并从溶液的pH值和软锰矿的用量、粒径以及水浴温度、振荡速度方面探讨了软锰矿对其脱色效果的影响。实验表明,软锰矿可使250mL浓度为40mg/L的酸性大红溶液脱色达到95%以上,脱色效果较好,溶液pH值是影响酸性大红脱色的最主要因素,软锰矿的用量、粒径以及水浴温度、振荡速度对酸性大红脱色影响不大。软锰矿对酸性大红的高脱色率以及红外光谱分析和COD去除率表明,酸性大红在矿物界面发生了氧化还原反应,其显色基团被氧化破坏,但并不能将染料溶液全部氧化去除。软锰矿对酸性大红GR的氧化脱…     

酸性金黄染料在即时合成层状双氢氧化物结构中嵌入作用

工业染料废水是一类治理难度很大的有机废水,研究新的处理工业染料废水的方法是水污染控制技术领域的重要课题之一。本文研究即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)处理酸性金黄溶液的效果以及影响因素,并利用XRD分析研究了酸性金黄染料在LDH结构中的嵌入方式和反应机理。结果表明,在酸性金黄溶液中同时加入镁盐和铝盐,在pH 7~11的范围内,酸性金黄都有很高的去除率。酸性金黄阴离子以补偿LDH层板电荷的形式嵌入到层间。嵌入到层间的酸性金黄阴离子以双层倾斜45°方式排列。     

即时合成Zn-Mg-Al层状双氢氧化物处理含Zn2+废水实验研究

在模拟含Zn2 废水中加入Mg2 和Al3 ,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)去除Zn2 的可行性。详细探讨了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg2 /Zn2 摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Zn2 去除率的影响,结合X射线衍射分析(XRD)探讨了Zn2 去除机理,并与化学沉淀法进行了比较。结果表明,实验条件下只有pH值显著影响Zn2 去除率(p<0.05),在9.0~11.0范围内去除效果最佳,达99%以上。通过XRD分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Zn2 主要是在晶体生成阶段以Zn-Mg-Al三元LDH化合物形式被去除的。与化学沉淀法相比,即时合成法效果更好,适用pH值范围更广,用来处理含Zn2 废水更具优势。     

即时合成Cu/Mg/Al层状双氢氧化物处理含Cu2+废水实验研究

在模拟含Cu2+废水中加入Mg2+和Al3+,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物去除Cu2+的可行性,同时考察了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg/Cu摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Cu2+去除率的影响,探讨了Cu2+去除机理及层状双氢氧化物形成过程。结果表明,实验条件下体系终点pH值显著影响Cu2+去除率,在pH值8.0~11.0范围内去除效果较好,达99%以上。通过X射线衍射分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Cu2+主要是在晶核生成阶段以Cu/Mg/Al三元层状双氢氧化物形式被去除;三元层状双氢氧化物的形成由反应体系中Al3+、Cu2+、Mg2+分步水解导致,最适pH值约为9.0。     

Fe2O3-TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及其对染料酸性大红降解的光催化活性研究

以氧化铁红粉末为载体,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,无水乙醇为溶剂,制备了Fe2O3-TiO2光催化剂。用XRD、TEM等对催化剂的物相、形貌进行了表征,并通过对酸性大红GR染料废水进行光催化降解实验,研究了催化剂的投加量、光照时间以及起始浓度、pH值、回收方法及催化剂重复使用次数对酸性大红染料废水光降解作用的影响。实验结果表明,氧化铁红粉末负载TiO2催化剂有很好的吸附和光催化性能,并可以多次回收重复使用,在投加量为0.4g/L的条件下,光催化效果最好,1h后的脱色率可达95%以上。     

新型混凝剂处理印染废水的实验研究

采用自行制各的具有不同SiO2:Al:Fe(摩尔比值)和碱化度的两类新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PSAFC)和聚硅酸硫酸铝铁(PSAFS）各7种，直接对印染废水进行处理。从中选出2种温凝剂，考察了pH值、混凝剂投量等对混凝效果的影响，并对混凝处理后，印染废水出水中残留温凝剂主要成分Al、Fe、SiO2的含量进行分析。实验结果表明，氯化物型(PSAFC)和硫酸盐型(PSAFS)混凝剂对印染废水的色度、浊度、COD Cr均有良好的去除效果；总体而言，PSAFS的混凝效果略优于PSAFC；混凝处理后印染废水出水中残留铝、铁、硅的含量均比较低；pH值和碱化度对温凝剂在水体中残留铝含量有影响。     

水滑石对水溶性染料活性深蓝ST-2GLN脱色性能研究

研究了水滑石(LDH)及其焙烧产物(LDO)吸附脱除水溶液中活性深蓝ST-2GLN的性能。考察了pH值、吸附剂投加量、时间等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:LDH及LDO对活性深蓝ST-2GLN染料具有良好的脱除效果,室温下,1 g/L的LDH和0.5 g/L的LDO对浓度为100 mg/L的染料的脱色率分别达到96.11%和98.58%。pH值是影响吸附能力的关键因素,吸附剂对溶液pH值有一定缓冲作用。LDH及LDO对活性深蓝ST-2GLN吸附结果均符合Langmuir吸附等温式。饱和吸附后的LDH用高温热解法再生,再生产物吸附性能良好,随再生次数增多,脱色率下降。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of