电热石墨炉原子吸收法测定贵金属 (二)岩石矿物中超痕量金钯铂的测定

在自然界中,金主要以元素状态散布在岩石层中或砂矿中,金在地壳中的平均含量为5×10~(-7)％。钯、铂往往以游离的元素状态存在,在自然界中分布很少,其克拉克值分别为1×10~(-6)％,5×10~(-7)％。考虑到金的代表性,测试时往往需要取大样。岩石矿物中超痕量金、钯、铂的定量测试,一般都需要进行富集和分离,而后才能进行测定。 萃取富集分离法就目前来说优于其它技术,许多试剂被推荐为萃取剂。作者认为     

利用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)测定镁铁-超镁铁质岩石中的铼-锇同位素组成

报道了用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)测定Re-Os同位素组成的质谱方法和化学分离方法,并应用该方法测定了天然镁铁-超镁铁质岩石样品中的Os同位素组成及Re、Os含量.Re同位素组成的MC-ICPMS测定利用膜除溶雾化器(Aridus)和静态法拉第杯接收的方式完成,采用Ir标准溶液在线校正仪器的质量分馏.Os同位素组成的MC-ICPMS测定采用常规雾化器和离子计数器静态接收的方式完成,并用10%的HCl-EtOH和10%的HCl溶液交替清洗进样系统来消除Os的"记忆效应".岩石样品的Re和Os化学分离采用Carius管溶样法,结合CCl4萃取以及微蒸馏的方法分离纯化Os,利用阴离子交换树脂的方法分离纯化Re.运用上述方法,对6个镁铁-超镁铁质岩石样品中的Re、Os含量和187Os/188Os同位素比值进行了测定,获得了理想的分析结果.     

石英与钠长石浮选分离的研究

用十八胺(阳离子捕收剂)和十二烷基磺酸钠(阴离子捕收剂,SDS)作浮选为捕收剂分离石英与钠长石,研究了浮选条件对分离效果的影响以及捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附行为.结果表明,最佳浮选条件是浮选液的pH=2,阴、阳离子捕收剂的浓度分别为3.0×10-6 mol/L和4.0×10-6 mol/L;阴阳离子捕收剂在石英与钠长石两种矿物上表现出相同的吸附行为.在最佳浮选条件下,对不同配比的石英和钠长石混合物进行浮选,石英回收率为14%,钠长石回收率达80%,分离效果显著;对含微量长石的石英矿粉进行浮选,分离效果与石英与钠长石混合物相近.     

石墨炉原吸收光谱法测定化探样品中超痕量铂钯

研究了苯基硫脲—正辛醇体系萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中超痕量铂钯的方法。确定了仪器的最佳条件,并从介质酸度、萃取时间和体积、苯基硫脲的浓度、萃取剂体积和干扰情况等方面进行了详细的考察。样品经王水溶解,液相萃取,以有机相进样测定。铂、钯检出限分别为0.5×10~(-9)和0.1×10~(-9)。对含铂14.7×10~(-9)和钯15.2×10~(-9)的矿样重复取样溶矿测定8次,其相对标准偏差分别为6.0%和4.7%,测试质量较好。     

天竺牡丹紫萃取光度法测定岩石矿物中微量铊

对微量铊的测定,目前广泛利用结晶紫和甲基紫法,然而其灵敏度较低。文献有用天竺牡丹紫测定锑,但铊有严重干扰,我们发现天竺牡丹紫对铊确有很灵敏的显色反应,为此本文研究了用甲苯:甲基异丁基酮在4mol/L盐酸或1mol/L氢溴酸介质中萃取分离三价铊,然后在0.4mol/L盐酸介质中萃取三价铊与天竺牡丹紫形成的有色缔合物。选择了适宜的萃取分离和显色的条件,探讨了43种共存离子的影响,提出了消除干扰的方法,拟定了用分光光度法测定岩石矿物中微量铊的方法。测得天竺牡丹紫与铊的缔合物的摩尔吸光系数为1.03×10~5lmol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(570nm),标准曲线0～5μgTl/5ml符合比尔定律。     

电热石墨炉原子吸收法测定贵金属(四)岩石矿物中超痕量钯的测定

本文提出了用0.5mlN-正辛基苯胺-间二甲苯萃取测定岩石矿物中超痕量钯的电热石墨炉原子吸收分析方法。对萃取剂的性能、萃取钯的条件,其它离子的干扰情况以及在HGA-500型石墨炉中测定钯的最佳条件进行了研究。样品用盐酸、过氧化氢分解后,溶液进行萃取,直接测定有机相。大量的其它离子不干扰测定,为钯的定量测试提供了简便、高灵敏的方法。灵敏度为5.5pg,可检测0.0001g/t的钯。对含钯量为0.002g/t的矿物重复溶样测定11次,其标准偏差为4.9％。     

用3,5-diBr-PADAT-H_2O_2分光光度测定微量铜

本文试验了3.5-diBr-PADAT有H_2O_2存在下和铜离子显色时,温度酸度及阴离子的影响情况。试验结果认为,显色反应适宜的pH值在3.2—3.8。络合物的组成比为1∶1,克分子吸光系数为8.6×10~4。又对其它条件作了些试验,用2—噻吩甲酰基代三氟丙酮(HTTA)—苯萃取铜,能使干扰元素分离,用于微量矿物和土壤中微量铜的测定,与其它方法比较结果满意。     

河南周庵铂族-铜镍矿床的稀土和铂族元素地球化学特征: 热液成矿的证据

河南周庵超基性岩体蕴含大型Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床,矿化带位于超基性岩体边缘与围岩的接触带.周庵超基性岩体轻稀土富集,其La/Sm_N比值为1.3～4.7,Sm/Yb_N比值为1.9～4.4,显示一定程度的LREE/HREE分异.原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分型显示弱的负Nb异常.岩体的M含量为70×10~(-60～2120×10~(-6),Cu含量为15×10~(-6)～1056×10~(-6);矿石的Ni含量为2592×10~(-6)～6549×10~(-6),Cu含量为1147×10~(-6)～3239×10`(-6).矿石的Ni/Cu比值(2.0～2.3)低于岩石样品(5-83).强蚀变矿化样品的PGE元素含量高于弱蚀变样品约一个数量级,所有样品的Pd/Ir和Pt/Ir比值高,Pd/Ir=1.4～21,Pt/Ir=2.4～22,表明PPGE相对IPGE富集.上述特征显示周庵岩体是构造侵位的地幔岩,岩体与围岩发生了较强烈的物质交换,含水流体交代作用导致了岩体-围岩物质交换和岩体边缘矿化.     

256树脂分离Triton X-100-Br-PADAP-磺基水杨酸分光光度法测定岩石矿物中微量铀

本文研究了用256阴离子交换树脂分离富集微量铀和Triton X-100-Br-PADAP-磺基水杨酸-铀(Ⅵ)四元体系测定铀的条件。样品分析证明了该法灵敏度高、准确度高,重现性好,一人一天能分析40—50个样品,可测定岩石矿物中1ppm以上的铀。     

催化示波极谱法测定矿石中微量砷

微量砷在0.24N H_2SO_4—2×10~(-5)M邻菲哕啉—0.1％硫酸钴体系中可产生一灵敏催化波。线性范围0.4～20ppb,检出下限0.05ppb,峰电位-1.25伏(VS.S.C.E)。经巯基棉分离富集,常见离子均不干扰,可适用于矿物岩石及组成较为复杂的样品中微量砷的测定。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)