斑头鱼Agrammus agrammus(Temminck et Schlegel)和铠平鱼由Sebastes hubbsi(Matsubara)核型研究

采用ＰＨＡ、秋水仙素活体注射，取肾细胞空气干燥法制片，研究斑头鱼（）和铠平鱼由（♀）的核型。其核型分别为２ｎ＝４８，７ｍ＋３３ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ，ＮＦ＝８８和２ｎ＝４８，３ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４３ｔ，ＮＦ＝５１。并且这两种鱼的核型中均有１条具次缢痕的染色体，因此形成异形染色体对。这是黄渤海鱼类染色体研究首次发现     

鲬Platycephalus indicus（Linnaeus）的核型和Ag─NOR带研究

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接法和银染法研究的核型及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ带。提出的核型公式为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ十２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。核型中第二对端部着丝点染色体（ｔ染色体）为典型的具次缢痕染色体。银染结果显示次缢痕部位为银集核仁组织者区（Ａｇ－Ｎｕ－ｃｌｅｏｌｕｓｏｒｇａｎｉｚｅｒｒｅｇｉｏｎ，Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ），并表现出数目和结构多态性。此外，还讨论了的不同群体间核型的差异，认为不同群体间存在明显的多态性。     

用QSAR法研究有机磷农药对海洋扁藻的构效关系

１９９７年３月,利用ＱＳＡＲ构效关系分析方法和计算模拟手段,对中国洞海地区常用的１１种有机磷农药对海洋五心形扁藻拦数抑制浓度进行研究。建立有机磷农药对海洋扁藻致毒效应的ＱＳＡＲ模型;ｌｇ（１／ＥＣ５０）＝０．１９３ｌｇＰ－０．０８（ｌｇＰ）＾２＋１．１０σ３＋０．２９２＾１Ｘ－０．１６４（ｎ＝１１,Ｓ＝２０,Ｒ＝０．９６９６）;ｌｇ（１／ＥＣ５０＿＝０．１９１ｌｇＰ－０．０９（ｌｇＰ）＾２＋１．０     

咸淡水交汇区重金属粒径分配特征的模拟实验

利用从珠江莲花山河段采集的淡水和大洋海水经过滤后，按不同盐度混合，模拟河口咸淡水交汇区重金属在水中各微粒级的分配特征。实验结果表明，在各种盐度条件下，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ主要以粒径＞１．０μｍ和＜０．２２μｍ的微粒存在于水中。在加入Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）模拟实验中，重金属绝大部分含量形成粒径＞１．０μｍ的微粒，其中Ｆｅ达９９％以上，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ约９５％，Ａｌ约有７０％－９０％，Ｃｄ约４０％，其余部分主要以＜０．２２μｍ微粒存在。加入与未加入Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）的实验比较，Ｆｅ（３＋），Ａｌ（３＋）的加入对水中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ和Ｃｄ含量向大微粒聚集有很大影响，使其聚集在粒径＞１．０μｍ微粒的量增加３０％－４０％。另外从实验结果和理论分析可知，水的盐度与重金属在位径＜１．０μｍ微粒中的含量分布无明显关系，但咸水中大量离子将对河水中胶体絮凝和微粒增长有重大影响。     

一类非线性奇异边值问题的解的存在性

本文研究了如下的高阶奇异边值问题解的存在性ｙ（ｎ）＋ｆ（ｔ，ｙ，ｙ＇，．．．，ｙ（ｎ－２））＝０，ｎ≥２，０＜ｔ＜１，ｙ（ｉ）（０）＝０，０≤ｉ≤＜ｎ－２，ｙ（ｎ－１）（１）＝０其中，ｆ（ｔ，ｙ１，．．．，ｙｍ－１）在ｙｉ＝０处有奇性，ｉ＝１，．．．，ｎ－１。我们给出了该问题解存在的一个新的充分条件     

斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens（Richardson）和横带髭鲷H．mucronatus （Eydoux et Souleyet）的核型

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接制片法研究青岛近海常见经济鱼类斜带髭鲷和横带髭鲷的核型．得出核型公式前者为：２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８，后者为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。斜带钱绸核型中ｔ５和ｔ１６对染色体及横带货绸核型中ｔ７对染色体为具次缢痕的染色体。两种鱼的核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。     

南海东北部表层海水中^226Ra的分布

报道１９９４航次南海东北部的＾２２６Ｒａ，利用Ｍｎ－纤维富集海水的Ｒａ同位素，采用Ｍｎ－纤维直接射气法测量＾２２６Ｒａ的比活率，＾２２８Ｒａ的比活度采用＾２２８Ａｃ的β计数法测量。研究海区＾２２６Ｒａ的放射性比活度范围为０．６２－１．１７Ｂｑ．ｍ＾－３，＾２２８Ｒａ／Ｒａ）Ａ．Ｒ．介于２．７８－４．５９。＾２２６Ｒａ的表层比活度分布大致表现为该海区东北部较高，中南部也有一较大值，表明陆源物质对两个     

尾纹裸头 虎鱼染色体组型分析

以尾纹裸头虎鱼的脾脏细胞为材料,用空气干燥法制片,进行其染色体组型分析。染色体数目２ｎ为４４,染色体总臂数（ＮＦ）为８６,其中中部着丝点染色体为１０对,亚中部着丝点染色体为１１对,端部着丝点染色体只１对,即２ｎ等于２０ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｔ。     

水样及生物体内微量锌,锰,硒谱催化波同时测定

本文提出了在酒石酸盐－乙二胺－高氯酸－亚硫酸钠－高碘酸钾－ＥＤＴＡ体系中同时测定微量锌、锰、硒的极谱催化波，波峰每锐，波形稳定。Ｚｎ＾２＋浓度在０．４－４０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，Ａｎ＾２＋浓度在１．６－８０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，Ｓｅ浓度在０．０２－３．０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３内范围内浓度与峰电流呈线性关系。     

红虾(Palaemon gravier)脂肪酸分析

对红虾虾头和虾肉中的脂肪进行了提取和测定。脂肪甲酯化后,采用５０ｍ×０．３５ｍｍｉ．ｄ．ＰＥＧ－２０Ｍ玻璃毛细管柱,ＦＩＤ检测器,并结合ＧＣＬＭＳ进行了脂肪酸分析。结果表明,虾头中脂肪含量达１０．８×１０－２,其不饱和脂肪酸６８．８×１０－２,ＥＰＡ＋ＤＨＡ占２４．１×１０－２;虾肉中脂肪仅为３．９×１０－２,其不饱和脂肪酸６９．８×１０－２,ＥＰＡ＋ＤＨＡ为２７．３×１０－２。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,