甘肃合作早子沟金矿床品位变化规律及特征探讨

早子沟金矿床是近年来在西秦岭地区发现的又一特大型金矿床。文章通过对该矿区矿体的矿化强度指数、品位变化规律的统计计算,建立了矿体金品位变异函数模型,分析研究了矿体金品位分形分布特征及矿体金金属量-平均品位特征。金品位变化规律及特征的研究表明,金矿体在深部向北东侧伏,金矿体品位呈波状变化,矿体金品位的对数转换分布基本服从正态分布,变异函数模型显示具有各向异性,北东55°方向为矿化最连续方向;金品位分形结构特征研究表明,对矿区资源储量贡献最大的矿石类型是石英细脉-网脉脉岩型矿石,脉岩与地层的内、外接触带及部分含矿小岩脉应是今后勘查的重点,沿倾向金品位具有明显的等间距变化特征,向北东方向每隔140~260 m将会出现富矿段。基于以上认识,结合矿体产出的空间位置、控矿构造条件,探讨了矿床深部找矿方向,总结了今后的勘查重点部位及重要的岩性组合。     

多重地球化学背景下地球化学弱异常增强识别与信息提取

为对钦州湾-杭州湾成矿带(南段)庞西垌地区地球化学数据进行异常识别研究与信息提取,利用含量-面积法(C-A)得出庞西垌地区成矿主元素的异常下限,得到各元素异常分布图,并与已知矿(床)点进行叠加分析,发现已知矿(床)点与C-A法分析得到的异常区基本吻合,可根据该异常区预测未知矿床,从而为该研究区矿产资源潜力评价提供依据。为进一步从研究区复杂的地球化学背景中分离出与成矿有关的地球化学异常,采用分形滤波技术(S-A)提取致矿异常。研究表明,S-A法可在C-A法揭示的区域异常的基础上更深层次地提取出与矿化有关的局部异常用以反映研究区的多重地球化学背景,S-A法可有效地使弱异常增强进而提取出致矿异常,为庞西垌地区探寻隐伏矿体提供依据。     

庞西垌银金矿床分形性研究

庞西垌银金矿床是以银为主,伴有金、铅锌等有益组份的银金多金属矿床。矿体中银元素的品位—频度分维值,反映了银的空间分布特征。通过分维值的大小,可以判断矿体内银品位的分布变化程度。利用储量分形预测法对矿区内银矿的储量进行预测,得到了满意的效果。     

铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床的品位分形结构特征及其地质意义

文章以冬瓜山铜矿床为研究对象,应用分形理论对矿床品位的分形结构特征进行研究,计算了主矿体整体和不同区段的品位分布的分维数D值,D值变化反映矿体在50～52线之间变化最不均匀,为确定勘探网度和矿床经济价值评估提供有益的参考.     

矿体三维数据模型及品位插值方法研究

传统的储量计算方法采用几何平均法计算矿体的体积,用部分化验数据的平均品位代替矿块的整体品位,其计算精度很难满足需要.以三维矿体模型为基础计算矿体体积能够提高体积计算精度,以空间插值技术对矿体任意空间位置的品位进行估值,有助于提高品位估值的精度.提出了一种适于矿体储量计算的混合数据模型（线框块段模型）,详细论述了根据剖面数据生成矿体线框模型进而在线框模型基础上生成块段模型的方法.介绍了距离反比法和克立格法的原理,利用距离反比法结合某金矿体数据进行了储量估算,结果表明以线框块段模型为基础,采用空间插值技术计算矿体储量具有一定的实用价值.     

Introducing a new approach of geochemical anomaly intensity index (GAII) for increasing the probability of exploration of shear zone gold mineralization

Increasing the prediction rate in the identification of mineralization zones using the stream sediment geochemical data is an essential issue in the regional exploration stage. The various univariate (such as fractal and probability plot (PP) methods) and multivariate methods (such as principal component analysis (PCA)) have been performed for interpreting the geochemical data and detecting the mineralization areas. In this study, a new geochemical criterion named geochemical anomaly intensity index (GAII) was proposed for geochemical anomaly mapping. This approach was developed based on the PCA method and the catchment basin coefficient (CBC). The GAII as a weighted geochemical index is calculated using the mineralization principal component (MPC) scores and CBC. GAII can be mapped and utilized for geochemical anomaly mapping and detecting the mineralization areas. Besides, GAII can identify paragenesis elements better than the current methods. In this research, GAII was successfully used to generate geochemical anomaly maps on shear zone gold mineralization in the southwest of Saqqez, NW Iran. The geochemical data have been divided into three groups based on catchment basins and the host rock type. Then the MPCs and paragenesis elements of Au mineralization have been obtained individually using PCA. Three mineralization paragenesis groups consisting of (Au, Sn), (Au, W), and (Au, As, Sb and Ba) have been recognized for different catchment basins of the southwest of Saqqez district using PCA. GAII was calculated and mapped based on the CBC_{(Au, Sn)}, CBC_{(Au, W)}, CBC_{(Au, As, Sb, Ba)}, and their MPC scores. GAII accurately detected the Au mineralization zones and improved the geochemical anomaly map in this area compared to the PP method, concentration-area fractal model, and U-spatial statistics method. The results demonstrated that GAII was successfully used for (a) identifying the mineralization paragenesis elements, (b) intensifying the geochemical anomaly, and (c) increasing the prediction rate of mineralization zones. The shear zone gold mineralization areas in the southwest of Saqqez district were effectively detected using this new data analysis approach. GAII has provided better results than the current PP method, concentration-area fractal model, and U-spatial statistics method.     

Correlation between mineralization intensity and fluid–rock reaction in the Xinli gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China: Constraints from petrographic and statistical approaches

The Jiaodong Peninsula, the most productive gold province in China, is dominated by Jiaojia-type gold deposits that formed at ca. 120 Ma. The deposits are characterized by widespread alteration and mineralization resulted from fluid–rock reactions in the footwall of regional faults. It is known that the interrupted appearance of continuous mineralization zones and barren zones along regional faults is controlled by changes in the dip direction and dip angle of these faults, which can cause local dilational sense. In the continuous mineralization zone, intensive fluid–rock reactions occurred. Yet whether and how the fluid–rock reaction impacted on the mineralization intensity are not well constrained. In this study, we selected the Xinli Jiaojia-type gold deposit associated Sanshandao–Cangshang fault, located on the northwest margin of the Jiaodong Peninsula, to examine in detail the distribution of orebody parameters and to observe the mineralization occurrences. We applied the number–size fractal model and the lacunarity method to quantify the distribution of gold concentration along drifts, with the goal of clarifying the ambiguities noted above. The drifts in continuous mineralization zones can be divided into stable and unstable types, according to lateral changes in the dip direction and dip angle of the Sanshandao–Cangshang fault. Stable and unstable drifts share several common features. (1) Statistical results show that changes in the dip direction and dip angle of this fault bear almost no relationship to the thickness or grade–thickness of the orebody. (2) Mineralization along drifts is most intense at some distance from the fault plane rather than at locations immediately adjacent to the fault plane where fracturing is most extensive and, according to fluid infiltration theory, would be the most likely regions of intense mineralization. (3) Gold-bearing sulfide pods and veinlets in the alteration zone commonly possess irregular and corroded boundaries that are considered to be an indicator of fluid–rock reactions. (4) The threshold (the gold concentration that divides a segment with a lower fractal dimension in a lower concentration range from one with a higher fractal dimension in a higher concentration range) and the lacunarity (the parameter that evaluates the evenness of high gold concentration distribution) show positive and negative relationships, respectively, to the thickness and grade–thickness of a drift. We thereby argue on the basis of these features that fluid–rock reactions were an important factor responsible for the mineralization upgrade in continuous mineralization zones. An increase in the threshold and a decrease in the lacunarity indicate that fluid–rock reactions causing gold precipitation are more intensive and more evenly distributed throughout the footwall for better mineralization. These phenomena suggest that fluid–rock reactions responsible for the gold precipitation possibly own the characteristics of spatial self-organization mechanism, which is widely developed in various geological fluid–rock reaction processes.     

黑龙江省逊克县高松山金矿床地质分形特征及成矿预测

高松山金矿床是中国人民武装警察部队黄金第一支队在小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带北段发现的大型浅成低温热液矿床,随着研究的深入,发现其具有优越的成矿地质条件和良好的找矿前景。在总结前人成果的基础上,文章利用分形学理论对金矿资源量和品位进行了分析,结果显示资源量在大于250 kg标度区间时,分维数D值为1.69,表明资源量在该区段内的普查存在较好的前景,同时,品位分维数D值为1.10~1.40时,其成矿仅与细脉状烟灰色石英-细粒黄铁矿成矿阶段紧密相关。利用钻孔资料分析品位在垂向上的分形特征发现,分维数D值介于1~1.5时,表现为垂向不圈闭延伸,反映其深部可能存在隐伏矿体。在资源评价方面,通过对断裂构造似等距控矿规律的研究,结合帕累托定律（Pareto law）和阻尼曲线模型,对深部可能存在的矿体规模和部位进行了预测,资源量大于4960 kg的矿体仍有2处未发现,中等资源量规模的矿体存在巨大空间,同时,预测隐伏矿体可能在已有地表矿体相间部位的深部。     

基于Surpac软件的矿床模型构建及矿体资源量估算-以陕西山阳夏家店金钒矿床为例

文章介绍了陕西省山阳县夏家店金钒矿床矿体地质特征,矿体赋存于与寒武系有关的地层及断裂构造中。根据矿床以往地质勘查工程资料,应用Surpac软件建立了矿床数据库,建立了矿区地表模型、矿体模型和品位块体模型,模型形象直观的展现了矿区地形地貌、矿体展布位置及形态。应用普通克立格法建立的矿体品位块体模型,简洁清晰的表达了矿体品位分布位置及高低,并对部分矿体采用不同的基本块体单元估算了资源量,分析认为采用的基本块体单元越小,估算的矿体资源量越精确。将其与勘查报告中采用传统地质块段法估算的资源量进行了对比,表明采用该软件估算的矿体资源量可靠准确,计算过程高效、便捷。     

Chaos Dynamic Behaviour of Mineralization

In this paper a nonlinear dynamic model for the distribution of element content and mineralization in the crust is suggested and the iteration relationship formula of this model coincides with the logistic equation. This shows that mineralization related with migration and enrichment of elements is in chaos, thus resulting in fractal structures of element content and ore reserves and their spatial distribution in the crust.     

矿床储量规模分布的分形模型及其分维的数理分析

矿床储量规模预测在矿产勘查和评价中占有十分重要的位置,而其预测的最主要手段是建立矿床储量规模分布的数学模型.根据矿床储量的统计自相似性,应用概率统计方法建立了矿床储量规模的分形模型.同时,通过模型及其分维值的数理分析,得出不同分维值的地学解释,讨论了分维的线性与非线性最小二乘回归估计法.     

基于Micromine软件的澳大利亚某矿床铅锌品位分布规律研究

基于三维模型的矿床地质统计学研究,可以准确反应矿体的空间结构变化和品位的空间变化规律,在矿床评价中具有不可替代的作用。本文在已有的钻探工程数据基础上,借助三维建模软件以地质统计学思维对澳大利亚某矿床铅锌品位的空间分布特征及内在规律进行了揭示,通过对矿体铅锌品位在走向、倾向和厚度三个方向的理论变异函数的拟合,表明矿体呈明显的各向异性,在走向方向变程值较大,连续性较好,倾向方向次之。对矿体块体模型空间赋值,并进行投影分析,结果表明矿体沿走向向东矿化范围和强度均有扩大趋势,且在815800E线以东深部倾向方向铅锌品位逐渐增强,高品位矿化断续出现。因此矿区下一步勘查重点应该在矿体走向东部和815800E线以东的倾向延伸方向。     

湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床分形成矿动力学

随着分形理论的建立与发展 ,应用分形理论研究矿床分布及元素的分布与富集规律已经成为研究成矿作用的一个有力的新工具。文中对湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床金品位空间变化进行了分形与混沌吸引子分析 ,结果表明 ,该矿床金品位分布具有分形结构特征 ,并都呈双分形关系 ,分叉处的金品位与其平均品位相当 ,分维值可以指示成矿流体的运移方向。其金品位空间变化为混沌序列 ,在相空间维数为 8～ 1 0时 ,出现一个混沌吸引子 ,吸引子的维数变化于 1 .5 3～ 4 .72之间 ;表明其成矿流体的演化及金元素的沉淀富集成矿过程为混沌动力学过程 ,描述或控制本矿区金品位变化的独立变量至少需要 8～ 1 0个。总之 ,成矿物质的沉淀过程是一个复杂的非线性动力学过程 ,矿物在热液体系中通过构造应力、流体流动、流体岩石反应等之间的复杂非线性反馈作用 ,最终在合适部位沉淀下来 ,形成了各种具分形与混沌特征的矿床和品位分布     

基于SD法估算东安金矿床5号矿体资源储量

资源储量估算是矿产地质勘查工作中的一项重要任务,是估算矿床经济价值和矿山设计的基本依据。SD资源储量估算和审定方法（SD法）,诞生于20世纪80年代,它是一种以SD动态分维几何学为理论,以最佳结构地质变量为基础的资源储量估算方法,适于不同矿种及矿产勘查开采各个阶段,它应用SD精度法,成功量化矿产资源储量的地质可靠程度,...     

3D矿床建模技术在数字矿产勘查中的应用

为弥补现有数字矿床建模技术在地质矿产勘查处理和应用中的不足,从原始勘查数据建库及标准化、多指标单工程矿体自动圈定、基于语义识别的剖面矿体的连接与外推、矿体表面和品位建模、基于剖面矿体线框模型构建矿体表面模型及基于TIN+Octree数据结构和地质统计学理论建立矿体的空间属性模型等5个方面总结提出一套面向地质矿产勘查业务处理的矿床建模流程和总体技术解决方案.提高了地质矿产勘查研究精度,为进一步的矿山开采提供可靠的数据模型.      

Self-similar fractal analysis of gold mineralization of Dayingezhuang disseminated-veinlet deposit in Jiaodong gold province,China

The mineralization degree in drifts in the Dayingezhuang disseminated-veinlet gold deposit in Jiaodong gold Province, China, can be categorized into non-mineralized, weakly mineralized, moderately mineralized and intensely mineralized ranks based on the number of the gold grades greater than cut-off. The grades sampled equidistantly and continuously along different drifts at − 140 m, − 175 m and − 210 m levels of the deposit are systematically calculated via the self-similar fractal model. The grade distributions often show bifractal characteristics, including two or three non-scale ranges. It shows that with the increase of mineralized rank, the fractal dimension of the second non-scale range decreases and the corresponding threshold becomes greater. The dimension decrease comes from the increase of proportion of the wider microfracture in the ore-controlling structure system; and the threshold increase is a result from the magnitude elevation of the microfractures from the extension-shear zone to compression-shear zone. The smaller fractal dimension means the proportion of the higher gold grades increases, suggesting the thickness of the orebody is proportional to its mean gold grade.     

分形方法在金矿化时空结构分析中的应用

以川西北地区微细浸染型金矿为例 ,采用分形方法探讨了金矿化的时空结构特征。研究表明 ,分数维 D值的大小能表征金矿化品位分布的复杂性 ,成矿过程中相关元素组合存在相似的分形结构。利用主成矿元素及相关元素品位数据的分形结构特征可以指示成矿期次 ,厘定成矿演化的时间结构 ;利用地球化学数据的二维空间序列的 R/ S分析方法 ,可以较精确有效地厘定金矿化的空间结构特征。分形方法在矿化时空结构分析中有着极为广阔的应用前景     

新疆若羌县红十井金矿地质特征及深部成矿预测

红十井金矿，产于中，上石炭统基性火山岩和火山碎屑岩中，为受断裂带控制的韧性剪切带型金矿床，原认为主矿体南倾，未查明侧伏方向，在体南侧和中，东段布钻，深部未打到矿体，仅求得0．947t金储量。笔者等经地质构造，矿体空间展布形式，矿物热电性和电磁场测深等研究，预测主体北倾，西挺，南西西侧伏，北东东仰起，在主矿体北侧和中、西段布钻，结果在深部和中、西段均打到了矿体，金储量由0．47t增加至10．1t以上，取得了突破性进展。     

Separation of a geochemical anomaly from background by fractal and U-statistic methods,a case study: Khooni district,Central Iran

Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches.     

分形统计模型的理论研究及其在地质学中的应用

本文提出了一般分形模型和一般分维数的概念,认为许多地质模型是一般分形模型的特例,指出幂函数分布和帕累托分布是分形统计模型的数学基础,论证了幂函数分布在高端截尾条件下具有尺度不变的分形性质,根据非线性回归模型参数估计的方法,提出了求分维数的新方法,该方法具有许多优点。通过在计算机上产生随机数对分形统计模型进行模拟研究,以及通过实例说明分形统计模型应用的方法及步骤,并解释了分维数的实际意义。