北京西山白垩纪-古近纪多期次构造叠加作用:以周口店黄院奥陶系变形为例

北京西山中新生代多期次变形强烈,是探讨华北板块构造演化的重要窗口.构造解析及EBSD组构分析表明,黄院奥陶系发育4个期次变形,第2期NE-SW向挤压变形为主体构造样式.第1期为顶面指向SEE的简单剪切,透入性面理S₁已基本置换层理S₀,伴生110°~120°缓倾拉伸线理;自北向南,第2期变形可划分为纵弯褶皱亚带和逆冲剪切亚带,褶皱倒伏趋势和剪切条带显示上盘向SW逆冲;第3期为沿面理S₂发生的NNW向正断层式滑脱,第4期为近N-S向陡倾正断层系.依据卷入变形的闪长岩脉最年轻锆石U-Pb年龄峰值（~116 Ma）,结合区域地质资料,认为:（1）黄院奥陶系第1期SEE向剪切时代为早白垩世晚期;（2）第2期晚白垩世NE-SW向挤压变形形成于燕山运动晚期,可能与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋关闭之后的陆陆汇聚相关.      

柴北缘二郎洞地区L 构造岩变形特征及其地质意义

柴北缘二郎洞地区出露包含早古生代岩石组合的达肯大坂岩群,其构造变形期次和变形时代研究接近空白, 本文首次在其中发现了面理微弱, 而拉伸线理十分发育的L 构造岩,对其详细的构造解析对认识柴北缘构造演化具有重要意义。二郎洞达肯大坂岩群存在两期构造变形作用（D₁、D₂）,D₁ 期变形表现为兼具逆冲分量的左旋走滑剪切,D₂ 期变形表现为兼具正断性质的右旋走滑剪切。D₁ 期变形产生LS 构造岩和L 构造岩。其中L 构造岩中矿物拉伸线理的倾伏向约为142°,与柴北缘造山带延伸方向一致,倾伏角一般在2°～54°。对L 构造岩以及侵入其中的未变形次安山岩进行LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb定年,获得它们的结晶时间分别为457 Ma 和406 Ma,L 构造的变形时代可能介于457～406 Ma 之间。根据长石、石英等矿物的变形形式,估计L 构造岩的变形温度在380 ℃～420 ℃之间, 应形成于地下13～14 km 深处。在构造特征分析和岩相学研究的基础上,结合柴北缘早古生代岩浆活动时代构架,我们认为二郎洞地区L 和LS 构造岩的原岩可能是原特提斯洋向北俯冲增生过程中形成的早古生代弧花岗岩,由于柴达木-东昆仑板块和祁连陆块之间的斜向碰撞,导致局部地区出现挤压并沿造山带延伸方向走滑活动。在走滑剪切作用下使地壳流变层中的弧岩浆岩体向地表挤出,局部成分相对均匀的花岗质岩石,因具有较强的岩石力学性能而形成了L构造岩。     

冈底斯南缘拉隆地区变形花岗岩地质特征及其构造意义

冈底斯岩浆弧中发育了1条重要的韧性剪切带,为深入了解该韧性剪切带上变形花岗岩的成因、变形作用及其性质,对冈底斯南缘拉隆地区变形花岗岩开展了地球化学、变形构造和锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究。通过对冈底斯南缘拉隆地区出露的变形花岗岩进行实测地质剖面测制及野外地质填图,发现变形花岗岩呈近EW向展布,北侧与中生代麻木下组呈断层接触,其余被第四系覆盖。岩石类型主要为英云闪长岩,属于高硅钙碱性系列岩石。SiO₂含量为66.2%~71.0%,平均值为68.3%,全碱(Na₂O+K₂O)含量、Al₂O₃含量和MgO含量均较高,轻稀土元素总量(∑LREE)大于重稀土元素总量(∑HREE),Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素富集,Ta、Zr、Nb等高场强元素亏损,Sr含量高,Y含量低,Sr/Y为73.02~99.05,整体显示具有埃达克质岩石的特征属性。变形花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(83.56±0.83) Ma,为晚白垩世,代表了其岩浆结晶形成的年龄。变形花岗岩主要为新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲削减背景下,增厚的下地壳部分熔融形成的产物,在中新世28~13 Ma遭受了近EW向左旋剪切、向北滑覆的韧性剪切变形作用。     

西藏甲玛—驱龙地区叶巴岩组构造学特征

通过野外地质调查和定向薄片显微构造研究,对甲玛—驱龙地区叶巴岩组的变形、运动学和动力学进行了初步研究,指出:①原叶巴组实为构造岩,应称"叶巴岩组",区内可分为四个岩段,构成两个变火山-沉积旋回;②叶巴岩组在宏观上表现为自北而南的轴面总体北倾的复背斜和复向斜;③叶巴岩组经历过两期韧性变形,多期韧脆性变形,且邻甲玛—卡军果推-滑覆构造系主推覆面的C岩段还多经历了三期较浅层次的面理置换和一期膝折变形;④叶巴岩组两期韧性变形动向相反,第一期为上层面自南向北的剪切,第二期为上层面自北向南的剪切,第二期韧性剪切与随后的韧脆性变形具多阶段递进特点,在向南推覆褶皱至较浅层次后还经历多期脆-韧性变形,尤其是邻甲玛—卡军果推-滑覆构造系主推覆面部位;⑤叶巴岩组第一期韧性变形发生于94—85Ma±的晚白垩世土伦期—康尼亚克期,与雅鲁藏布江洋壳向北俯冲导致的弧后裂谷伸展有关;第二期韧性变形及其后主要的韧脆性变形发生于50Ma±的始新世,与印度-欧亚板块碰撞事件有关,碰撞后的构造作用则导致多期脆-韧性变形的叠加。     

滇西澜沧江构造带中-南段澜沧群变质变形期次及Ar-Ar年代学约束

澜沧群变质变形过程的厘定有助于揭示澜沧江构造带的演化历史.通过对双江-惠民地区出露的中-低绿片岩相变质岩系与高压变质岩系的"构造-变质"双重解析,发现澜沧群变质岩系:（1）以挤压体制下的褶劈理S₂为区域性面理,浅变质岩系中石英脉条带代表的面理S₁与层理S₀产状一致,并在第2期强烈压扁后与S₂近平行;（2）构造样式与变质变形期次在研究区域内基本一致,表现为二叠纪-三叠纪两期次中深构造层次透入性变形为侏罗纪-新生代浅-表层次变形所叠加;（3）高压变质岩记录了两个期次的深层次构造变形,电气石与石榴石变斑晶具有明显的两阶段生长模式,核部（M_1aD_1a）可能代表了峰期榴辉岩相变质作用,边部代表折返过程中的蓝片岩相（M_1bD_1b）阶段.高压变质岩与浅变质岩第2期（M₂D₂）构造层次及变形样式一致,代表折返后的挤压拼贴过程,两者的剪切型褶劈理S₂均指示上盘S向的剪切滑动.结合新生代三江地区发生的近90°块体旋转,恢复第2期为上盘指向E的逆冲剪切作用.通过对幸福变质石英砂岩白云母、小黑江多硅白云母和蓝闪石的40Ar-39Ar定年,以及对前人小黑江蓝闪石40Ar-39Ar年龄的重新解释,共厘定出澜沧群4个构造阶段:（1）高压变质岩第1期晚期（D_1b）蓝片岩相变质作用（~250 Ma）;（2）第2期（M₂D₂）中层次挤压（215~214 Ma）;（3）浅变质岩系第3期早期（D_3a）N-S向纵弯褶皱（111.9~103.7 Ma）与晚期（D_3b）逆冲（~82.28 Ma）;（4）第4期近E-W向纵弯褶皱（新生代,很可能晚于59.18 Ma）.      

江西大背坞金矿区及其外围前寒武系控矿构造解析

大背坞金矿区及其外围前寒武系经历了三期构造变形：第一期形成近东西向障公山扇形复背斜及轴面流劈理;第二期形成北东向中常褶皱及轴面折劈理;第三期形成北东向挤压破碎带。第三期构造变形发生于700Ma左右。三期构造变形使围岩中分散的金富集形成三期含金石英脉。成矿受早元古代障公山群第五岩组矿源层、障公山复背斜西倾伏端、折劈理带、挤压破碎带复合控制。     

西昆仑东段苏巴什洋向北俯冲:来自早—中二叠世火山岩的证据

西昆仑东段苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带南侧卡拉勒塔什群以大面积分布的酸性和中基性火山岩为特征,本次对卡拉勒塔什群弧火山岩代表性的岩石组合进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得酸性晶屑凝灰岩、蚀变玄武岩²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(284.2±1.6) Ma和(262.6±2.0) Ma,表明研究区卡拉勒塔什群火山岩形成于早—中二叠世。卡拉勒塔什群火山岩具有富铝、钠、铁,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba和亏损高场强元素Sr、Ta、Nb、Ti的地球化学特征。其中,基性火山岩属钙碱性-拉斑玄武岩系列,岩石稀土元素配分模式接近大洋拉斑玄武岩,Nd/Th和La/Nb比值为8.91~13.76和0.39~2.28,Lu-Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)值为-0.15~4.95,表现为地幔物质来源,但加入了地壳组分。酸性火山岩属于钙碱性系列,相对亏损P和Zr元素,Nd/Th和La/Nb比值为1.92~4.10和2.52~3.39,Lu-Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)值分别为0.94~3.78和8.26~12.45,二阶段模式年龄分别为1.07~1.25 Ga、0.51~0.78 Ga,表明酸性火山岩物质来源为古老地壳和新生地壳物质重熔后的混合物。卡拉勒塔什群总体地球化学特征表现为岛弧环境。卡拉勒塔什群岛弧火山岩与北侧苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带在形成时代、空间分布以及基性岩地球化学特征均表现成对关系,与苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带内发育的硫磺达坂砂岩组深水复理石建造共同构成造山带沟-弧-盆体系,表明苏巴什洋盆由南向北的俯冲极性,说明苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩形成于岛弧偏向于海沟的弧前盆地构造背景。     

青海南山当家寺花岗岩体与晚三叠世脉岩及其对早中生代构造环境的约束

当家寺花岗岩体是青海南山印支期花岗岩带中东部较大的一个岩体,形成于早三叠世(243.5±2.9 Ma、247.2±1.7 Ma)—中三叠世(240.1±2.1 Ma、241.0±2.6 Ma)。岩体内发育有众多的中-酸性脉岩,岩石类型主要为闪长玢岩、石英闪长玢岩、花岗斑岩等,本研究获得闪长玢岩脉LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(235.6±2.4 Ma),表明其形成于晚三叠世早期,稍晚于当家寺岩体侵位时限。脉岩作为一种浅成侵入体,其与当家寺花岗岩体分布的构造位置相似,矿物组成及地球化学特征具有近似的特点,说明二者岩石成因及构造背景类似,可能为同一源区壳-幔岩浆混合作用的产物。岩石地球化学分析表明中性脉岩SiO₂含量低(54.68%~64.75%),酸性脉岩SiO₂含量高(66.00%~77.13%),二者都具高铝(Al₂O₃=12.24%~17.11%)、高钾钙碱性准铝质-弱铝质的特点(A/CNK=0.85~1.04),具有典型的岛弧花岗岩和碰撞花岗岩的特征。脉岩富集LREE、Rb、Th、K,亏损HREE、Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Ba,(La/Yb)_N=5.05~17.61,表现出中等强度Eu的负异常。综合分析认为,脉岩形成于晚三叠世共和裂谷闭合碰撞造山后构造环境由挤压向板内稳定-伸展的变迁阶段,指示晚三叠世早期共和盆地周缘已进入后碰撞的陆内环境。     

辽南小黑山地区太古宙构造变形序列

采用地质调查和显微镜下观察方法,研究了辽南小黑山区太古宙岩石组成和构造变形特征。小黑山区太古宙岩石包括上壳岩、古老片麻岩和变基性岩脉,它们在小黑山变质岩体中呈包体出现。上壳岩由黑云变粒岩、条带状闪石磁铁石英岩组成;古老片麻岩为条带状角闪黑云斜长片麻岩、条带状角闪斜长片麻岩,原岩为英云闪长岩;变基性岩脉为斜长角闪岩和角闪石岩。上壳岩堆积之后有英云闪长岩侵位,基性脉侵位于上壳岩和英云闪长岩（古老片麻岩）。小黑山区太古宙岩石经历了2幕变形：D₁幕变形主要表现为褶皱构造（DF₁）、与褶皱轴面平行的面理（DS₁）、矿物线理（DL₁）;D₂幕变形在叠加褶皱作用下形成斜歪倾伏褶皱（DF₂）,面理和线理不发育。小黑山区太古宙变质岩中发育的变形序列、构造特征、变形特征、变质条件表明,这2幕构造形迹群属于中部构造相。D1幕变形形成逆冲推覆构造,D₂幕变形形成第Ⅲ型叠加褶皱,它们都是在同方向的水平挤压应力作用下的产物。     

长江中下游地区新华夏构造体系的“米字型”结构特征

构造体系由强变形构造带和弱变形地域共同构成,这些构造带和变形带可以用结构面的形式表达。构造体系结构面的分布分析,更加适用于变形规律研究,便于追索构造应力场及其演化。以长江中下游地质结构与导矿-控矿要素研究为基础,总结了新华夏构造体系结构面的“米字型”分布特征。新华夏系“米字型”构造,由NNE 25°方向挤压断裂和褶皱带、NNW 345°方向(大义山式)张扭断裂、NEE 75°方向(泰山式)压扭构造和NWW 300°方向(长江式)的横张构造组成。其演化分先后三个阶段;NNW 345°方向—NEE 75°方向的共轭剪切构造阶段、NNE 25°方向挤压构造阶段和NWW 300°方向的张性剪切构造阶段。新华夏构造体系的“米字型”构造样式的识别,为研究构造体系的应力-应变成因、探讨构造体系的形成演化以及浅部构造和深部构造相关性研究提供了重要的地质构造基础。在其它类型的构造体系中,结构面也具有“米字型”分布特征。     

Multiple Foliations Defined by Different Sillimanite Crystal Habits, Partial Melting and the Late Metamorphic Development of the Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Northeast Australia

A succession of foliations defined by different sillimanite-bearing structural fabrics suggests that the macroscopic, isoclinal synform that dominates the geometry of the Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, northwest Queensland, Australia formed during D₂. The five foliations in this succession, S₁ to S₅, are defined by aligned sillimanite with habits ranging from individual crystals in S₁ through S₄ to clusters of fibrolite in S₅ in both the matrix and as inclusion trails within garnet and gahnite (Zn-rich spinel) porphyroblasts. S₁, S₃ and S₅ formed as sub-horizontal foliations, whereas S_1a, S₂ and S₄ formed sub-vertically. Foliation intersection/inflexion axes (FIAs) within garnet and gahnite porphyroblasts preserve a succession of trends that shifts from W-E to N-S. This succession indicates that this region experienced N-S followed by W-E bulk crustal shortening. N-S shortening occurred during D₁and D_1a, and W-E shortening occurred from D₂ to D₅. Prismatic and rhombic sillimanite produced during D₁-D₄ accompanied prograde metamorphism to ca. 634 62°C and 4.8 1.3 kbar. The coexistence of fibrous, prismatic and rhombic sillimanite resulted from post peak metamorphic reactivation of the early foliations during D₅. The synformal D₂ fold was intensified during D₄ by W-E bulk shortening. Local partial melting occurred after D₁ in the appropriate bulk rock compositions, based on calculation of P-T pseudosections in the chemical systems KFMASH, KFMASHTO, NCKFMASH and MnNCKFMASH. Zn mineralization related to gahnite growth occurred during D₃ through D₄, and was redistributed by partial melting into structural and rheological sites during D₄ and D₅shearing.     

Regional slaty cleavage formation and fold axis rotation by re-use and reactivation of pre-existing foliations: the Fiery Creek Slate Belt, North Queensland

A deformation history, comprised of six separate deformation events of differing intensity, has affected the rocks of the South Palmer River region of the the Hodgkinson Province, north Queensland. Within this region, a zone of pervasive slaty cleavage, herein termed the Fiery Creek Slate Belt, has developed as a result of the superposition of fabrics formed during several of these events. The most important processes in the formation of this composite cleavage were the re-use and reactivation of the favourably oriented, steep, N-S-trending S₂ foliation by the intense fourth deformation event, D₄. This produced micro-, meso- and macroscopic folds in an originally shallow S₃ foliation, produced during the intervening D₃ deformation, with an axial planar S₂–S₄ foliation. The D₄ stretching lineation, L⁴₄, plunges subvertically to steeply north and indicates that shear during D₄ was oriented steeply north-south. In the Fiery Creek Slate Belt, D₂ fold axes are interpreted to have formed in much shallower orientations than their present moderately N-S-plunging to subvertical orientations. We consider this to be a result of D₄ shear, which caused variable degrees of rotation of D₂ fold axes toward the D₄ stretching lineation due to subparallelism of the bulk shortening directions of the D₂ and D₄ events. Near-total destruction of the pre-D₄ foliations during slaty cleavage formation has produced a misleading impression of a simple deformation history. There is no relationship between metamorphic grade and intensity of slaty cleavage development.     

Deformation History of the Kunavaram Complex, Eastern Ghats Belt, India: Implications for Alkaline Magmatism Along the Indo-Antarctica Suture

The Kunavaram alkaline complex is a NE-SW trending elongate body located along a major lineament, the Sileru Shear Zone (SSZ) that is regarded as a Proterozoic suture related to Indo-Antarctica collision. The complex is hosted within migmatitic quartzofeldspathic gneisses, mafic granulites retrogressed to amphibolites, and quartzites. The structural evolution of the country rocks and the alkaline complex are similar. The first phase of deformation, D₁, produces a pervasive segregation banding (S₁) in all rock units within and outside the complex. A second deformation phase D₂ isoclinally folded S₁ along subvertical axial planes with shallow plunging axes. F₂ isoclinal folds are ubiquitous in the country rocks and the eastern extremity of the complex. In the interior of the alkaline body, D₂ strain decreases and S₁ is commonly subhorizontal. While amphibolite to granulite facies conditions prevailed during deformation, post-D₂ annealing textures testify to persisting high grade conditions. In the west, a NNE-SSW trending dextral shear zone with strike-slip sense (D₃) truncates the complex. Within this shear zone, quartzofeldspathic country rocks are plastically deformed, while hornblende-K-feldspar assemblages of the complex are retrogressed to biotite and plagioclase. Warping related to D₃ shears also resulted in fold interference patterns on the subhorizontal S₁ foliation in low D₂ strain domains. Based on its steep dip, north-easterly trend, and non-coaxial nature with dextral strike-slip sense, the D₃ shear zone can be correlated with the SSZ. Since this shear zone, i.e., the SSZ, is not associated with primary igneous fabrics and resulted in solid state deformation of the complex, it cannot be considered as a conduit for alkaline magmatism, but is probably responsible for the post-tectonic disposition of the pluton.     

北喜马拉雅E-W向伸展变形时限:来自藏南错那洞穹隆Ar-Ar年代学证据

特提斯喜马拉雅带以广泛发育近E-W向和近S-N向断裂以及北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带为典型特征.藏南错那洞穹隆位于特提斯喜马拉带的东部,是近两年新发现并厘定的穹隆构造.该穹隆从外向内主要由3部分组成:上部单元（盖层）、中部单元（滑脱系）和下部单元（核部）,其中滑脱系主要由一套强烈变形的片岩、伟晶岩、花岗岩、大理岩和矽卡岩组成,片岩包括含石榴石云母片岩、含石榴石十字石云母片岩、含蓝晶石石榴石十字石片岩、含矽线石蓝晶石石榴石片岩和云母石英片岩.野外构造变形特征表明滑脱系为一条强烈变形的韧性剪切带,发育大量的鞘褶皱、"Z"形揉褶皱和眼球状构造、石榴石的旋转碎斑、S-C组构和压力影构造.错那洞穹隆记录了4期构造变形:第1期由北向南的逆冲挤压构造、第2期由南向北的韧性伸展构造、第3期近E-W向的韧性伸展构造变形和第4期成穹后的脆性垮塌构造.通过对滑脱系中含石榴石云母片岩的白云母进行Ar-Ar同位素测年,获得坪年龄为14.0±0.2 Ma,等时线年龄为13.7±0.5 Ma,二者基本一致,同时微观构造特征显示石英呈亚颗粒旋转重结晶（SGR）,其韧性变形的温度为450~550℃,该变形温度高于白云母的封闭温度.因此,白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄（14.0±0.2 Ma）代表错那洞穹隆近E-W向伸展变形的时间,也即近S-N向桑日-错那裂谷的活动时间.结合构造变形和年代学特征,认为错那洞穹隆是STDS向北伸展拆离的主导机制叠加后期近E-W向韧性伸展活动的结果.      

Geochemistry,detrital zircon geochronology and Hf isotope of the clastic rocks in southern Tibet: Implications for the Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane

In order to reconstruct tectonic evolution history of the southern margin of Asia (i.e., Lhasa terrane) before the India-Asia collision, here we present a comprehensive study on the clastic rocks in the southern Lhasa terrane with new perspectives from sedimentary geochemistry, detrital zircon geochronology and Hf isotope. Clasts from the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sedimentary sequences (i.e., Yeba and Chumulong Formations) display high compositional maturity and experienced moderate to high degree of chemical weathering, whereas those from the late Early-Late Cretaceous sequences (Ngamring and Shexing Formations) are characterized by low compositional maturity with insignificant chemical weathering. Our results lead to a coherent scenario for the evolution history of the Lhasa terrane. During the Early-Middle Jurassic (∼192-168Ma), the Lhasa terrane was speculated to be an isolated geological block. The Yeba Formation is best understood as being deposited in a back-arc basin induced by northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean with sediments coming from the interiors of the Lhasa terrane. The Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Lhasa-Qiangtang collision resulted in the formation of a composite foreland basin with southward-flowing rivers carrying clastic materials from the uplifted northern Lhasa and/or Qiangtang terranes. During the late Early-Late Cretaceous (∼104-72Ma), the Gangdese magmatic arc was uplifted rapidly above the sea level, forming turbidites (Ngamring Formation) in the Xigaze forearc basin and fluvial red beds (Shexing Formation) on the retro-arc side. At the end of Late Cretaceous, the Lhasa terrane was likely to have been uplifted to high elevation forming an Andean-type margin resembling the modern South America before the India-Asia collision.     

川西若尔盖地区中-新生代构造-热事件及其年代学框架

通过对川陕甘矿产资源“金三角”地区若尔盖及其周缘沉积建造特征、构造-热事件放射性年代学测试以及磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学测试等综合研究表明,若尔盖地区自印支末期以来,共发生了7次构造-热事件:(1)卡尼末-诺利初期构造-热事件(D₁);(2)早侏罗世(200~180 Ma)构造-热事件(D₂);(3)晚侏罗-早白垩世(160~140 Ma)构造-热事件(D₃);(4)早白垩世(130~110 Ma)构造-热事件(D₄);(5)古新世(70~60 Ma)构造-热事件(D₅);(6)50~40 Ma构造-热事件(D₆);(7)20 Ma左右构造-热事件(D₇).其中D₁期构造-热事件为若尔盖地区主褶皱造山构造运动,基本奠定若尔盖及其周缘地区区域构造格架;D₂、D₄为区域关键构造变革期,导致构造-热体制(压性与张性)的关键转换,对区域成矿具有重要意义;最晚期事件(D₇期)为青藏高原东北缘高原地貌定型期.      

基于断层滑动数据反演的燕山中西段晚中生代古构造应力场:对华北克拉通破坏峰期应力状态的启示

在燕山中西段晚中生代岩体中的116个观测点中共采集到2 321组断层和破裂面滑动数据,利用Tensor软件进行古构造应力状态反演。将反演结果与区域构造变形及构造演化过程研究结果相结合,发现研究区在侏罗纪末-白垩纪初以来存在5期可识别的构造应力场:(1)晚侏罗世末-早白垩世初近N-S向挤压应力场(D1,148~127 Ma);(2)早白垩世NW-SE向挤压应力场(D2,143~127 Ma);(3)垂向挤压主导的多向水平伸展应力场(D3,120~110 Ma);(4)NE-SW向挤压(D4);(5)E-W向挤压的应力场(D5)。D1和D2可能分别与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋消减关闭作用的远程构造效应,以及古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块下的俯冲作用有关,且这两大构造系统在该时期可能同时作用于燕山地区。D3期应力场可能反映源自壳下深部地幔活动引起的垂向挤压动力作用。D4、D5期应力场相对较弱,其动力学背景尚待今后研究进一步分析。本区古构造应力场研究结果表明,华北克拉通破坏峰期期间,主要的伸展作用并不完全符合西太平洋板块后撤主导的被动伸展裂谷模型,而是表现为深部地幔活动引起的垂向挤压作用主导的水平方向多向伸展。     

早侏罗世叶巴组与桑日群火山岩:特提斯洋俯冲过程中的陆缘弧与洋内弧?

雅鲁藏布特提斯洋的演化对研究青藏高原的形成具有重要的意义,一般认为广泛分布于拉萨地块南部叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩系是该特提斯洋早期的俯冲岩浆产物。本研究选取了拉萨附近达孜地区叶巴组中的2个中基性火成岩样品进行了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb分析,结果显示其年龄分别为188±2Ma和175±2Ma,与已发表的叶巴组中酸性火成岩的形成时代(174~193Ma)一致,已发表的桑日群火山岩的年龄也在相同范围内,因此叶巴组和桑日群火山岩喷发时间主要为早侏罗世。叶巴组和桑日群基性及中酸性岩浆均类似岛弧型火山岩,但前者具有相对高的Nb、Zr含量,Th/Y比值及相对较低的La/Nb比值,呈现出大陆地壳组分增加的趋势,叶巴组火山岩表现为典型的大陆边缘弧特征而桑日群类似于洋内弧火山岩,桑日群火山岩分布于叶巴组南侧,并呈碎片似展布于拉萨地块南部,同时显示了与叶巴组不同的岩性组合,暗示同时代的叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩可能分别代表特提斯洋俯冲过程中的形成的陆缘弧和洋内弧。