激光雷达测量技术及其应用研究

对激光雷达测量技术的发展进行了概括 ,介绍了激光雷达测量技术的原理 ,探讨了利用激光雷达进行堆体体积测量的技术和方法 ,在此基础上发展了一个激光雷达测量系统 ,并在实际测量工作中进行了应用。实验表明 ,激光雷达测量技术与传统的测量方法相比 ,在测量精度、自动化程度和测量数据可视化等方面具有明显的优点 ,并且极大地减轻了劳动强度 ,提高了工作效率。     

浅析GPS在高速公路测量中的优势

简述了GPS测量技术的原理,列出了GPS用于测量的特点,结合其特点,比较GPS测量与常规测量在公路测量中的优劣。GPS用于高速公路测量是完全可行的,它在很大程度上可以提高测量的工作效率。     

福建省测量标志现状与损毁原因分析

在福建省开展测量标志普查与保护工作,摸清了位于福建省境内的测量标志的总体情况,详细分析了测量标志现状,按分类统计测量标志损毁情况并总结损毁原因。以位于泉州市境内的测量标志为例进一步分析了不同等级测量标志损毁率不同的原因。探讨了测量标志保护工作中存在的具体问题,以期为类似测量标志巡查维护工作提供借鉴。     

基于RTK的机场坐标测量误差分析

简要介绍了RTK技术原理和在机场坐标测量中的应用,通过对RTK测量坐标与静态测量坐标进行比较,验证了RTK测量精度的可靠性,并分析了影响测量精度的原因,为机场坐标测量提供参考。     

线型空间三维坐标组合式测量方法探讨

针对在狭长条带状测量空间内进行三维坐标测量的难度较大这一问题,该文通过数值模拟和实验分析探讨了经纬仪测量系统的支导线测量方案,指出了构建全局控制的必要性。设计了两用觇标模型,提出了全站仪配合两用觇标构建全局控制、经纬仪测量系统检测细部的组合式测量方案,解决了两者的精度匹配问题。通过数值模拟,验证了该组合式测量方案可以显著提高线型空间三维坐标测量的精度。     

水域测量的有关关键技术

水域测量包括海洋测量、河道测量、水库测量等,本文根据作者自己的实践,提出了水域测量实施及测量成果后处理过程中应注意的有关问题,并对有关的难点提出了解决办法。     

天文经纬度仿真测量精度分析

介绍了天文测量室内仿真系统原理和天文经纬度测量流程;提出了测量精度的评定方法;分析了仿真系统天文经纬度测量的精度。结果表明:系统天文经纬度测量可以达到二等以上的天文测量要求,可以应用于日常天文测量训练和教学。     

海洋测量技术研究进展与展望

从学科研究内容拓展与交叉融合发展、海底地形测量与海岸地形测量、海洋重力测量与海洋磁力测量、海洋测量信息应用等方面,对我国海洋测量技术的研究现状进行了分析和总结。主要论述了边缘学科增长点的兴起、多维立体测量平台的建立、测量设备的国产化研制、新理论新技术新方法的运用以及信息的应用等方面。基本概括了海洋测量技术发展的全貌,并对未来的技术发展方向进行了展望。     

论摄影测量与工程测量的结合--摄影全站仪+数码摄影机

主要讨论了摄影测量与工程测量集成的具体实现———摄影全站仪,系统阐述了摄影全站仪的几种工作方式、偏置量的检校、摄影全站仪的共线方程等,并提出控制片的概念,大大扩充了数字摄影测量的理论。摄影全站仪充分利用了摄影测量与工程测量的优势,无需在测量现场布设控制点标志,从而实现真正的无接触摄影测量。     

北斗系统在我国航天任务中应用前景的研究

阐述了国内外航天测量系统的发展脉络,指出了天基测量是航天测量系统发展的趋势和北斗卫星导航系统应用的重要意义。通过分析未来航天任务应用需求,探讨了我国天基测量系统发展目标和总体思路,规划了天基测量系统的技术体系结构,分析了关键技术问题,探索我国天基测量系统的发展道路。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。