激光雷达测量技术及其应用研究

对激光雷达测量技术的发展进行了概括 ,介绍了激光雷达测量技术的原理 ,探讨了利用激光雷达进行堆体体积测量的技术和方法 ,在此基础上发展了一个激光雷达测量系统 ,并在实际测量工作中进行了应用。实验表明 ,激光雷达测量技术与传统的测量方法相比 ,在测量精度、自动化程度和测量数据可视化等方面具有明显的优点 ,并且极大地减轻了劳动强度 ,提高了工作效率。

Research on Laser Range Scanning and Its Application

At present,there are lots of methods to acquire geographic information infrastructure. The traditional acquisitions of spatial data mainly use the methods as follows: surveying directly in the field, digitizing from existing maps, and photogrammetry. Data digitized from existing maps are often dated and go behind time. Optical images, which are more fundamental and matured means, include enormous and visual information, and have a good speed to capture data. But it is rather difficult to recognize, interpret and model objects included in image. And highly complicated, expensive stereo measurement instrument and skilled operators characterize photogrammetry. The approaches between field survey and photogrammetry are time_consuming, and the former is often low efficiency and the latter results in high cost. Moreover, DEM generated from photogrammetry render problems if the topography shows only minor differences in height and/or in significant contrast, and in forested area is problematic, too. Laser_scanning has been accepted to generate DEM for several years.Laser_scanning technique, which is divided into both ground_based and airborne according to its mounted platform,is mainly used to such applications as surveying bulk, measuring profile, generating surface DEM, and so forth.We focused on the ground_based laser_scanning technique including the development of algorithms, model, visualization, and of the applications suitable to laser scanning. Ground_based laser range scanner is one of the potential sensors for the automatic reconstruction of detailed surface data of the spatial objects. In our research,we employed fixed platform with motive station. In this paper, the development and principle of laser range scanning is introduced. The method of volume measurement by use of laser scanning is discussed and a system for this work is developed. Comparing with traditional surveying method, laser scanning has advantages in precision, automation, visualization as well as efficiency and working situation.