一种新的用于WiFi室内定位的最近邻搜索融合算法

研究了基于接收信号强度(received signal strength,RSS)的WiFi室内定位,这是一种具有低成本优势的室内定位技术.加权K最近邻搜索(weighted K nearest neighbor,WKNN)算法因为易于实现,可以用于位置的搜索确定.然而,WKNN算法的效率受最近邻搜索算法使用条件和K值大小的影响,为消除其影响并提高定位精度,提出了一种新的最近邻搜索融合方法,经过大量实验和分析,发现该方法比现有其他方法具有更好的定位性能.     

基于人工鱼群优化的BP神经网络WiFi指纹室内定位方法

针对传统的基于反向传播(BP)神经网络室内定位算法存在着低精度和慢收敛问题,且考虑到室内环境复杂,通常存在多径效应,无法使用信号强度衰减测距模型进行精确定位,提出一种改进的人工鱼群优化的BP神经网络WiFi指纹室内定位算法．利用人工鱼群觅食和寻优方式来提高全局寻优搜索的速度和能力,采用改进的人工鱼群算法(IAFSA)优化选取室内定位BP神经网络的权值和阈值,有效避免了传统BP神经网络的预测值易陷入局部最优的缺点,同时利用高斯滤波对信号进行去噪处理,建立采样点获取到的信号强度值(RSSI)与位置坐标的关系．实验结果证明所提方法与传统的BP神经网络方法相比,平均定位误差减少了0.75 m,平均定位精度提高32.2％,提高了定位可靠性,算法具有更好的稳定性.      

一种改进的组合定权的指纹定位算法

室内场景复杂、WiFi信号不稳定等因素,造成基于信号空间K最近邻法的WiFi指纹定位算法匹配的邻近点会出现偏差,使用偏差较大的点计算待定点位置会直接影响定位结果。本文提出了一种改进的组合定权的指纹定位算法,对K个邻近点的几何结构进行分析,剔除其中偏离邻近点几何中心较远的点后,同时分析匹配邻近点中心同待定点几何位置存在理论上的关联,利用选择后的邻近点与其中心点的几何距离、待定点与指纹点欧氏距离组合定权,加权求取坐标。与KNN、WKNN算法定位结果分别进行比较,表明该方法提高了定位准确性和精度。     

WiFi室内距离交会定位位置的迭代解法

针对WiFi信号进行室内距离交会定位模型中WiFi测距误差引起的线性化误差不能忽略,提出在建立接收信号强度与距离的关系模型的条件下,利用高斯-牛顿迭代解法来提高室内定位的解算精度。阐述了该方法的原理,以最小二乘法求得的待定点坐标为初值进行高斯-牛顿迭代法计算。结果表明,此方法能有效提高定位精度,但精度仍不及传统指纹算法,该迭代解法仍需进一步改进。     

自动推算室内接入点坐标算法

随着基于位置服务的应用与发展,室外和室内定位技术都得到了飞速发展。特别是在WiFi定位技术的不断完善下,室内定位技术有了广泛的应用,但是,WiFi定位技术的两种定位方式均需预先知道室内网络接入点的精确坐标,这一要求无法满足一些紧急情况下的定位需求。因此,本文提出了一种基于M估计的自动推算室内接入点坐标算法。该算法借助在室内外交界处同时获取卫星定位信息和WiFi信号的RSSI信息,巧用分段RSSI测距算法提高长距离RSSI测距精度,结合残差绝对和最小的M估计改进距离交会定位算法,最终推算出室内接入点的三维坐标,实现自动化推算过程。试验结果表明：该方法的定位精度比常规距离交会最小二乘算法提高了50%,能够快速实时较精确地推算室内接入点的坐标,进一步完善了WiFi定位技术。     

室内定位信号强度—距离关系模型构建与分析

室内定位的关键技术之一在于室内距离的精确确定。基于WiFi信号强度确定室内距离的技术主要是利用WiFi信号在传播路径中发生衰减的原理实现位置推算。根据室内WiFi信号强度随距离变化这一物理特性,基于对数-距离模型,通过对实测信号强度(RSSI)与距离进行拟合,构建了基于信号强度—距离的室内定位多项式模型,并对其进行精度评定,实现了模型的优化,提高了信号强度转化距离的精确度。结果表明,采用对数-距离模型和对数拟合模型计算距离与真实距离的平均偏差为0.73m和0.56m,新设计的信号强度-距离多项式模型解算结果平均偏差为0.26m,优于之前两种模型,可为相关研究提供参考。     

一种基于全向指纹库的WiFi室内定位方法

WiFi室内定位技术是导航与位置服务领域的研究热点。室内环境下WiFi信号衰减受人体遮蔽影响较大,本文考虑了用户朝向引起的信号强度差异,提出了一种基于全向指纹库的WiFi室内定位方法。试验结果表明,该方法定位精度高于基于方向识别的指纹定位方法,当K取4时,平均定位误差为1.44 m,定位精度优于1 m的置信概率为54%,优于2 m的置信概率为88%。     

WiFi指纹定位中采样间距对定位精度的影响

在Android平台上利用WiFi信号强度特征进行定位,定位系统由安卓客户端、Tomecat服务器以及MySQL数据库组成。基于信号强度指示(RSSI)的WiFi指纹定位在离线阶段建立的指纹数据库受采样间距的影响,因此采样间距必然影响指纹定位的精度。为了探究采样间距对WiFi指纹定位影响,在教室内进行实验,选取不同采样间距进行基于RSSI的WiFi指纹定位实验和分析,以定位的精度和时效性作为定位结果的衡量标准,实验表明,在室内环境下,采样间距为3 m的时效性较高且定位精度也能满足要求。      

基于WiFi室内定位的AP综合选择策略分析

随着WiFi技术的快速发展与普及应用,利用WiFi进行室内定位已成为当前室内定位领域研究的热点。目前室内AP布置已经非常密集,WiFi信号无处不在。但是室内AP布设存在不均匀、冗余及遮挡现象,这严重影响了WiFi室内定位的精度,同时也增加了计算过程中的复杂度。本文针对AP的选择问题提出了一种综合AP选择策略。该策略融合了方差过滤、最大平均值及互信息方法,考虑了AP信号波动性、信号区域性和AP相关性。试验结果表明:采用AP综合选择方法实现AP组合的最优化,通过WKNN定位算法对定位性能进行评估,发现AP综合选择方法定位精度明显改善,定位平均误差为0.6292m,标准差为0.2483m,与最大平均值和信息增益算法结果相比平均误差均减少0.4m以上。     

多类智能终端基于灰色关联度的WKNN定位效果分析

为了解决WiFi指纹定位中遇到不同智能终端定位时产生的定位精度下降问题,针对多类智能终端情况,研究了以灰色关联度替代欧氏距离的改进加权K最近邻算法(WKNN)的改进效果,并进行了不同设备的定位实验。结果表明,对多类智能终端进行WiFi定位时,相较于传统WKNN算法,基于灰色关联度的改进WKNN算法在定位精度和普适性上均有很大提升。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。