液体中声吸收对光声信号波形的影响

研究液体中声吸收对三种具有不同波形的脉冲光声信号的影响，把吸声介质视为一个线性、时空不变的低通滤波器，得到了考虑声吸收后光声脉冲的幅值和波形随传播距离变化的表达式。     

液体中光声信号吸收衰减的研究

研究水的声吸收所引起的光声脉冲幅度的变化。脉冲声波由激光通过光击穿机制产生。文中给出了光声脉冲峰值声压与传播距离和声吸收系数之间的理论关系式。实验测量结果和理论曲线所描述的变化规律相符合。     

一种基于时延的水下声基阵坐标估算方法

阵形估算是水听器阵列应用中的关键问题,基于时延的水下声基阵大地坐标标定方法利用声源发射和声阵接收的CW脉冲之间的时延获得空间中的三个声源发射点到阵元的距离,并以这三个声源发射点为圆心,以声源发射点到阵元的距离为半径做球面,得到的交点即为阵元的大地坐标.通过实验数据分析结果可以得出如下结论:基于时延的球面交汇法得到的阵形标定结果的绝对误差均值为0.13 m,可以把该方法运用于实际的工程测量当中.     

浅海爆炸声传播损失及简正波分离实验研究

文章简要介绍了浅海声传播损失的研究背景和基本理论方法。通过1/3倍频程滤波对浅海爆炸宽带信号的不同频段在浅海的传播损失情况进行了分析,描述了浅海环境对声传播损失的影响;同时在不知道先验信息的条件下,利用垂直阵声压数据成功地进行了简正波分离,并与理想条件下Kraken简正波模型计算出的结果进行了比较分析。     

射线稳定性参数与波导不变量

基于简正波理论的波导不变量在声传播特性描述中已得到广泛应用,而当环境与距离无关或存在轻微扰动时,基于射线理论的声场特性可以用一个新的物理量—射线稳定性参数来描述。本文通过简正波干涉声场数值模拟,通过分析简正波相长干涉形成的能量包传播路径与射线传播路径相互关系,利用简正波水平干涉结构距离上的周期性与射线水平跨距相等的特点,采用简洁方式证明了射线稳定性参数与简正波波导不变量间的等价性,从而在射线和简正波理论中建立了一个新的联系。对远距离射线模型声传播仿真结果的分析表明,与射线传播时间相比,射线稳定性参数作为射线理论的一个新的参数,可有效用于描述声传播特性,并能够反映海洋环境变化,应用于海洋环境参数声学反演。     

水声定位

用水声设备确定物体 (例如船只 )的方位和距离。在预定海域的海底布放 3个以上声应答器 ,组成应答器阵。在定位的船上装有询问声发射系统和应答接收系统 ,以接收海底应答器 ,在收到询问脉冲后发出的具有不同频率的应签脉冲。根据脉冲到达时间 ,可测得船与各应答器距离 ,从而确定船位。用这种方法定位的绝对误差约为数米。另一种方式是在海底布设定时辐射声脉冲的声源或海底应答器 ,另在被定位的船底或者布设由 3个水听器组成的接收基阵 ,或者安装一个收发两用换能器和两个水听器 ,由脉冲到达时间 (必要时还须利用由测深仪测得的水深数据 )确…     

新型井深液位测试设计

在油井开采过程中,为了解油井的产油能力,掌握生产动态,测量油井的液位是一项经常性的工作。井下液位的测量一般是采用声波测量法,即利用声波在空气中传播遇到障碍物会发生反射的原理。液位测量仪发射声脉冲信号沿着油套环形空间向井下传播,当遇到油液面等障碍物时便产生反射脉冲,返回的声脉冲由接收器接收,通过所测得的时间计算液面的深度。主要介绍一种在油田测量抽油井套管内液面位置的自动测量液位的装置。     

脉冲激光在水中产生的声波

当高强度周期性调制的光束或脉冲激光柬入射到介质中时，通过光与物质的相互作用，部分光能转变为声能，从而在介质中形成声波，这一效应称为光声效应。在光声效应的基础上发展起来的光声光谱技术，已广泛用于物质结构的研究。     

珊瑚礁坪波浪的衰减特性分析

珊瑚礁海底与一般的礁石或泥沙海底结构相差很大，波浪衰减特性也相差较大。根据实测海浪资料，讨论波浪在礁坪上传播的衰减特性和波浪能量的转移。分析结果表明，在相对水深为0．0613—0．0867之间，波浪传播单位距离(100m)的波高衰减系数为22．09％—46．56％，平均值为31．35％；波能衰减系数为33．74％—53．23％，平均值为43．61％。波浪在礁坪上传播过程中，高频损失的能量多于低频，谱能量向低频转移。应用统计方法得到波高、波能衰减系数与相对水深D/L关系的拟合方程。     

脉冲激光在水中产生的声波

当高强度周期性调制的光束或脉冲激光束入射到介质中时,通过光与物质的相互作用,部分光能转变为声能,从而在介质中形成声波,这一效应称为光声效应。在光声效应的基础上发展起来的光声光谱技术,已广泛用于物质结构的研究。 近十年来,人们对非密封的大范围介质空间中激光激发声波的现象进行了研究,特别是激光在液体中激发声波的现象引起了人们极大的兴趣。它有可能导致一种新的水下声源——激光声源。与传统的水下声源相比,激光声源有许多优点,例如,可以比较容     

Refraction and scattering into a sandy ocean sediment in the 30-40-kHz band

To observe sound penetration into a sandy sediment, a buried acoustic receiving array was insonified by a wide band sound source carried by a remotely operated vehicle. A slanting array design was used to avoid scattering artifacts. This design overcame possible problems in previous experiments, in which scattering artifacts from the array structure could be mistaken for a propagating wave. The experiments took place in a sandy sediment off the West coast of Florida, as part of the sediment acoustics experiment, which is a multidisciplinary effort to study sediment acoustics. A coherent angle, speed, and height estimation process searched through a four-dimensional search space, of source height and elevation angle, wave speed, and propagation delay to find spherical acoustic wave fronts. Three main categories of waves were found: first refracted, dominant nonrefracted and evanescent. Later acoustic arrivals, a fourth category, remain to be analyzed. Their relative intensities effectively characterize the sediment penetrating acoustic energy. The acoustic sound pressure level of penetrating waves below the critical grazing angle was found to be greater than expected for a flat interface.     

AVO理论公式表达形式的差异性和统一性

Knott(诺特)方程是AVO理论公式的位移位表达形式。同一个弹性界面的边值定解问题在数学上的不同表述方式将导致Knott方程出现多种表达形式。研究表明,XOZ平面内,P和SV平面简谐波入射到弹性界面时遵循的Knott方程共有8种独立表达形式,其中纵波和横波各有4种;对于相同类型的平面简谐波入射和相同的入射介质,不同形式的Knott方程可以完全统一于相同表达形式的能量平衡方程。     

Physical modeling of long-range infrasonic propagation in the atmosphere

The results of experiments on the physical modeling of long-range infrasonic propagation in the atmosphere are given. Such modeling is based on the possible coincidence between the forms of the vertical profiles of the effective sound speed stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer (between 0 and 600 m for the case under consideration) and in the atmosphere as a whole (from the land surface up to thermospheric heights (about 150 km)). The source of acoustic pulses was an oscillator of detonation type. Owing to the detonation of a gas mixture of air (or oxygen) and propane, this generator was capable of producing short, powerful (the maximum acoustic pressure was on the order of 30 to 60 Pa at a distance of 50 to 100 m from the oscillator), and sufficiently stable acoustic pulses with a spectral maximum at frequencies of 40 to 60 Hz and a pulsing period of 20 to 30 s. The sites of acoustic-signal recording were located at different distances (up to 6.5 km) from the source and in different azimuthal directions. The temperature and wind stratifications were monitored in real time during the experiments with an acoustic locator—a sodar—and a temperature profiler. The data on the physical modeling of long-range sound propagation in the atmosphere are analyzed to verify the physical and mathematical models of predicting acoustic fields in the inhomogeneous moving atmosphere on the basis of the parabolic equation and the method of normal waves. A satisfactory agreement between calculated and experimental data is obtained. One more task was to compare the theoretical relations between variations in the azimuths and angles of tilting of sound rays about the horizon and the parameters of anisotropic turbulence in the lower troposphere and stratosphere with the experimental data. A theoretical interpretation of the experimental results is proposed on the basis of the theory of anisotropic turbulence in the atmosphere. The theoretical and experimental results are compared, and a satisfactory agreement between these results is noted.     

Studying characteristics of a fine layered structure of the lower troposphere on the basis of acoustic pulse sounding

Results of acoustic sounding of the lower troposphere with the aid of detonation generators of acoustic pulses are given. This sounding method is based on a partial reflection of acoustic pulses with shock fronts from vertical wind-velocity and temperature gradients continuously varying with height in the troposphere and on the penetration of reflected signals into the region of acoustic shadow. Experiments on tropospheric sounding were carried out on the ground of the Barva Innovation Scientific and Technical Center (Talin, Armenia) in September 2015. In these experiments, an antihail acoustic system was first used as a generator of acoustic pulses. Experimental results have been compared with data obtained earlier in similar experiments carried out in the vicinity of Zvenigorod with the use of a special detonation generator of acoustic pulses. Due to the high resolution (in height) of the sounding method, which reaches 1 m in the stably stratified lower troposphere within a height range of 250–600 m, the vertical profiles of layered effective sound speed inhomogeneities with vertical scales from a few to a few tens of meters have been retrieved. The influence of these fluctuations on the form and amplitude of acoustic signals at a long distance from their pulsed source has been studied.     

西太平洋暖池热状况变化特征及其东传过程

应用JEDAC海温和SODA再分析资料,分析研究了西太平洋暖池(WPWP)的热状况变化特征,探讨了WPWP的热含量变化与不同深度海温变化,特别是与表层和次表层海温场之间的内在联系,分析研究了WPWP异常海温东传过程中与温跃层变化之间的关系,最后讨论了赤道潜流在异常海温东传过程的作用。结果表明,WPWP区域的热含量变化与次表层的海温变化具有相同变化趋势。WPWP区域的热含量变化与次表层海温达到(超过)99.9%信度检验的相关出现在次表层海温变化超前热含量变化的12个月至次表层海温变化滞后热含量变化12个月,最佳相关出现在同期,相关系数r=0.92(样本n=552)。WPWP区域的热含量变化与SST达到99.9%信度检验的相关只出现在热含量滞后SST5个月至同期。这一结果表明,WPWP区域的热含量变化主要体现了次表层海温场的变化特征。由此认为,WPWP区域热含量变化(次表层海温场)对气候变化的贡献主要体现在东向传播对ENSO的贡献上。由WPWP异常海温沿赤道东传过程和温跃层变化之间的关系可知,温跃层变化滞后于WPWP区域东传的异常海温,在WPWP区域异常海温东传过程中,赤道潜流起了重要作用。     

用压缩质面法估算海区地壳厚度的几点认识

用于反演重力资料以估算地壳构造的压缩质面法最早由刘元龙和王谦身提出。后来,沈剑平与王和明又进一步提出了用于反演不等点距重力资料经预调整的压缩质面法。笔者根据海区的特殊情况,运用此法进行了多项试验性计算。具体作法是:<1>将布格重力异常平滑滤波后不等点距采样并考虑沉积层的影响;<2>等点距取平滑滤波后的布格重力值进行计算;<3>等点距取自由空气重力异常值,用二维方柱体公式正演作水层布格改正,     

东海温度锋的分布特征及其季节变异

根据１９３４－１９８８年东海水文观测资料，重点分析东海温度锋的分布特征及其季节变异，并结合近期中日黑潮合作调查研究成果，初步探讨温度锋季节变异和水团演变的关系，所得主要结论是：（１）东海不仅常年存在浙闽沿岸锋，东海北部陆架锋和黑潮锋，而且、春、夏两季，在东海南部还出现一条东海中部出架锋。（２）江海温度锋季节变化的特点是：冬季，锋的宽度和强度皆是表层最强，夏季，表层温度锋仅出现在浙江近岸小范围海域。     

Local discontinuous Galerkin method for far-field underwater explosion shock wave and cavitation

The shock wave and cavitation are main effects in the far-field underwater explosion, which could cause serious damage to marine structures. In this paper, the fluid mechanical behavior of blast load is described by the propagation of pressure wave. The acoustic pressure caused by far-field explosion is determined by solving the wave equation, where a strongly discontinuous axisymmetric numerical model is established with the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method. The model can calculate the dynamic pressure in the fluid field and capture the high-resolution shock wave. The pressure cutoff model is employed to deal with the cavitation effect due to the reflection of the shock wave. The numerical model is verified by comparing with the analytical solution of the cavitation effect near the structure in one dimension. With the same mesh discretization, the present model shows higher precision than the results calculated by the acoustic finite element method. In addition, the propagation of shock wave in the cylindrical water column is studied. Finally, the formation, growth and collapse of the cavitation region near the free surface are simulated. The LDG model can remove the spurious oscillations behind the shock front and it’s more accurate than the results of the acoustic finite element method, in terms of capturing the sharpness of shock wave and calculating the shock and cavitation loading. And the present model can be applied to calculate the structural damage caused by shock wave in three dimensions.