Anchoring Parameters Optimization of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

In the highway tunnel project, due to the uncertainty and complexity of geotechnical parameters, it is difficult to design and optimize the anchorage parameters. In order to solve this problem, based on the Zhenfengling tunnel project as the research object, 3D tunnel model was established by ANSYS software, the model was imported into FLAC^3D software for numerical analysis and calculation for the displacement and stress of surrounding rock during construction, using orthogonal experiment methods to analyze factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock. The influence of anchor length, anchor spacing, anchor diameter, the thickness and elastic modulus of spray layer on the displacement of arch waist, arch crown and arch bottom of the tunnel was obtained by using range and variance analysis. The regression model of the relationship between arch surrounding rock displacements and anchorage parameters was determined by fitting regression. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the anchorage parameters in combination with the tunnel section cost formula, and the parameters were compared with those not optimized. Finally, the anchor length is designed as 3 m, the anchor spacing is designed as 1.4 m, the anchor diameter is designed as 21 mm, the thickness of spray layer is designed as 24 cm, and the elastic modulus of spray layer is designed as 24 GPa. The stability requirements can be met, and the economic efficiency is also greatly improved. The cost of support with optimized parameters is 19.4% lower than that of the original design parameters.

     

群智能优化算法在水文频率曲线适线中的应用

根据不同适线准则,研究群智能优化算法在水文频率曲线适线中的计算问题,为水利工程规划、水资源优化配置等提供依据。以陕北地区12个主要测站的年径流系列为例,选取五大分布类共12种分布线型,根据我国现行水利水电工程设计洪水计算规范,按照离(残)差平方和最小准则(OLS)、离(残)差绝对值和最小准则(ABS)、相对离差平方和最小准则(WLS),以MATLAB7.6为计算平台,研究模拟退火算法、遗传算法、粒子群算法和蚁群算法进行水文频率参数的估计。在不同适线准则下,陕北地区年径流最优频率分布模型为广义Logistic分布(Generalized Logistic Distribution,GLO),粒子群算法进行参数估算偏差最小。与传统优化方法相比,群智能优化算法对优化目标函数要求低,是一种推求年径流频率曲线统计参数的新途径。     

钻 井 液 优 化 设 计 系 统

根据钻井液设计要求，用基于范例推理(CBR)和规则推理(RBR)方法完成钻井液的设计。这两种方法并用，能克服各自缺点，很好地完成钻井液的优化设计。     

钻井液流变模型的优选

选择合适的工程浆液流变模型是现场生产中很重要的技术问题。基于最小二乘法原理利用Visual C＋＋高级语言编制程序对试验数据进行拟合,可求得实测浆液的常用流变参数值,绘制各常用流变模式与实际流型的曲线,从而优选出最合适的流变模式。     

土钉支护结构的优化设计

根据复形优化原理,提出了基于Bishop法的土钉支护结构的优化分析方法,编写了优化分析程序。工程实例计算表明,该方法是进行土钉优化设计的有效方法。     

Cost Optimization of Reinforced Earth Walls

This paper deals with optimum cost (objective function) design of geosynthetic reinforced earth retaining walls subjected to static and dynamic loading. The design restrictions are imposed as design constraints in the analysis. Choice of the initial designed length and strength of the reinforcement, which are the elements of the design vectors are made in a way that it forms an initial feasible design vector. Thus the problem is one of mathematical programming. The constraints and the objective function being nonlinear in nature, the Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique (SUMT) has been used in conjunction with conjugate direction and quadratic fit methods for multidimensional and unidirectional minimization to arrive at the optimal (minimum) cost of the reinforced earth wall. Optimal cost tables are presented for different combinations of the loading and the developed procedure is validated by taking up an example problem. It has been found from the typical example problem that saving of the order of 7–8% can be made over the conventional design of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls with the aid of design charts.     

Optimization of grid-drilling using computer simulation

A computer simulation method has been developed to find efficient drilling grids for mineral deposits. A well-known ore deposit is used as a model to develop an efficient pattern for undiscovered ore bodies in the same area or in other prospects where similar geometry is suspected. The model for this study is the Austinville, Virginia deposit, a Mississippi Valley-type deposit composed of 17 ore bodies totaling 34 million short tons (30 million metric tons). The method employs a computer program that simulates drilling the model deposit with different patterns, including various levels of follow-up drilling. Follow-up holes are drilled in fences at one half the original spacing around holes in the grid that show ore-grade mineralization. Each pattern is drilled 100 times from random starting locations to provide a range of outcomes of drilling, including the best, worst, and most likely. For this study, patterns of 100 drill holes were composed of 10 fences spaced 1000–5000 feet (305–1524 m) apart, each with 10 holes spaced 200–1000 feet (61–305 m) apart. In all, 25 grids were used with zero to three levels of follow-up drilling. The 600/2000 grid, with drill holes spaced 600 feet (183 m) apart in fences spaced 2000 feet (610 m) apart, was compared with the 200/5000 grid because they represented contrasting outcomes. The 600/2000 grid penetrated many ore bodies consistently but with few multiple hits to individual ore bodies; whereas the 200/5000 grid inconsistently penetrated few ore bodies with many multiple hits. The 600/2000 grid was more efficient than the 200/5000 grid at hitting large ore bodies of 1,000,000 short tons or greater (900,000 metric tons or greater) and was made more effective by adding one cycle of follow-up drilling. The 600/2000 grid had a 97% chance of hitting one or more large ore bodies with at least one drill hole per ore body, and the 200/5000 grid had a 64% chance. Once hit, there was an 82% chance that the largest ore body would be penetrated by three or more holes when using the 600/2000 grid and an 88% chance using the 200/5000 grid.     

Optimization techniques for integrating spatial data

Two optimization techniques ta predict a spatial variable from any number of related spatial variables are presented. The applicability of the two different methods for petroleum-resource assessment is tested in a mature oil province of the Midcontinent (USA). The information on petroleum productivity, usually not directly accessible, is related indirectly to geological, geophysical, petrographical, and other observable data. This paper presents two approaches based on construction of a multivariate spatial model from the available data to determine a relationship for prediction. In the first approach, the variables are combined into a spatial model by an algebraic map-comparison/integration technique. Optimal weights for the map comparison function are determined by the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex algorithm in multidimensions. Geologic knowledge is necessary to provide a first guess of weights to start the automatization, because the solution is not unique. In the second approach, active set optimization for linear prediction of the target under positivity constraints is applied. Here, the procedure seems to select one variable from each data type (structure, isopachous, and petrophysical) eliminating data redundancy. Automating the determination of optimum combinations of different variables by applying optimization techniques is a valuable extension of the algebraic map-comparison/integration approach to analyzing spatial data. Because of the capability of handling multivariate data sets and partial retention of geographical information, the approaches can be useful in mineral-resource exploration.     

水火电系统实时运行优化

提出综合考虑水、火电系统长、中、短期运行调度的实时优化调度模型.由于精细地考虑了发电库群调度的序贯决策特点、电力网的网损.发电设备检修及火电机组开停机组合等一系列系统特性,因而效益显著.用该模型对1987年江西省电网系统进行模拟运行,结果与实绩相比可节省燃料6%以上.     

Optimization with the Gradual Deformation Method

Building reservoir models consistent with production data and prior geological knowledge is usually carried out through the minimization of an objective function. Such optimization problems are nonlinear and may be difficult to solve because they tend to be ill-posed and to involve many parameters. The gradual deformation technique was introduced recently to simplify these problems. Its main feature is the preservation of the spatial structure: perturbed realizations exhibit the same spatial variability as the starting ones. It is shown that optimizations based on gradual deformation converge exponentially to the global minimum, at least for linear problems. In addition, it appears that combining the gradual deformation parameterization with optimizations may remove step by step the structure preservation capability of the gradual deformation method. This bias is negligible when deformation is restricted to a few realization chains, but grows increasingly when the chain number tends to infinity. As in practice, optimization of reservoir models is limited to a small number of iterations with respect to the number of gridblocks, the spatial variability is preserved. Last, the optimization processes are implemented on the basis of the Levenberg–Marquardt method. Although the objective functions, written in terms of Gaussian white noises, are reduced to the data mismatch term, the conditional realization space can be properly sampled.     

数字地貌形态分类优化方法

地貌形态特征分类对生态环境、水文研究及地质构造分析等地学研究具有重要意义,已成为现代地貌学的一个研究热点。利用高分辨率DEM数据,以平均坡度、截面曲率、最大曲率和最小曲率等地貌形态因子为参数,构建地貌形态分类模型;基于自组织映射神经网络提出数字地貌形态分类数学优化方法,对长春地区进行地貌分类。该方法实现自动聚类分析,获得了10种地貌类型阈值,达到地貌形态特征分类要求。这种方法突破了形态参数分类方法6种地貌类型的限制,分类种类达到10种;通过SOM聚类分析,自动获取阈值,从而减少了人为主观因素的干扰。地貌形态分类取得较好效果。     

水库排沙调度优化模型

在分析水库排沙调度机理的基础上建立了水库排沙调度优化模型,以遗传算法作为寻优算法,并用BP神经网络拟合一维水沙数学模型计算成果的方法简化了泥沙淤积计算,使得所建模型得以有效求解。以三峡水库为例进行优化,结果表明,利用所建立的模型和求解方法可以有效优化三峡水库的排沙调度,在保证淤积不增多的基础上大大增加了发电效益。     

单纯形调优技术在XRFA法中的应用

XRFA法在元素定性、定量分析中,当谱带严重重叠或干扰元素含量远大于待测元素含量时,可采取多种方法消除干扰。本文采用单纯形调优法分离技术测量未知元素的含量,结果较为满意。     

污泥固化材料优选试验研究

针对污泥固化材料种类繁多,各种材料互相组合时对固化污泥强度所起作用不明确问题,通过正交试验,研究常用的硅酸盐固化材料、碱性固化材料和黏土系辅助材料共同组合时对固化污泥强度的影响规律。结果表明,常用的各种系列污泥固化材料中硅酸盐固化材料和碱性固化材料对固化污泥强度形成起主要作用,碱性固化材料对固化污泥早期强度的形成具有重要作用,硅酸盐固化材料的作用到后期会明显的表现出来,黏土系辅助材料在添加后主要起系数和构建无机骨架的作用。     

贯通式潜孔锤反循环钻头的结构优化

针对Φ89 mm反循环钻头取心短且带裙边的问题,对其碎岩过程进行有限元软件ANSYS数值模拟分析。根据分析结果提出合理设计方案,再对新钻头进行有限元数值分析,并与原设计进行对比分析,同时进行室内试验验证。结果表明,优化后的钻头取出的岩心较长、较完整且不带裙边,优化方案合理可行。     

球齿钻头布齿的优化方法探讨

在等工作条件布齿理论的基础上，从球齿碎岩机理出发，探讨了相邻球齿对碎岩效果的影响，从而确定地最优齿间距，并确定最佳齿位和合理的齿数。     

拓扑优化在隧道工程中的运用

拓扑优化作为结构优化的高层次优化方法,目前正成为工程界研究的热点,而对于隧道工程的拓扑优化还未见研究成果。建立了隧道洞室的拓扑优化模型,利用高层次拓扑优化理论对隧道洞室进行了拓扑优化分析,提出了预强支护理论,即开挖围岩影响区内进行强支护结合复合衬砌支护的三层支护体系,通过拓扑优化分析确定了预强支护的具体位置。     

长沙某高边坡支护设计优化

结合长沙某高边坡支护工程实例，详细研究边坡岩土条件及环境条件，充分挖掘岩土参数潜力：≯耋翌睾；方綦建藉蓑术、经济对比分析，优选锚杆网格梁法进行边坡加固支护。实践表明，锚杆网格梁法是一种加固高边坡性价比很好的方法。     

对我国金刚石钻头胎体经典配方的理论优化和建议

选取合理可信的约束条件对我国经典的63号金刚石钻头胎体配方进行了优化验证，获得理论认识，并依此对已有成熟配方的改进提出了建议。     

非充分灌溉制度设计优化模型

研究了缺水地区冬小麦灌溉问题.分析了作物模型,作物水分影响函数,并以农作物产量最大为目标,提出了非充分灌溉制度优化设计二维动态规划模型和相应的动态规划逐次逼近(DPSA)求解方法.针对山东省临沂市小埠东灌区的实际情况进行研究,求得了冬小麦三个典型年不同供水水平的最优灌溉制度、排水过程及相应产量.实例表明,模型及方法是合理的.