基于CJ-57编码的长江电子航道图研究

本文以长江数字航道与智能航运建设示范工程(南京至浏河口河段)为依托,介绍了国际标准电子海图的发展情况,着重阐述了基于S-57编码的长江内河电子航道图(iENCs)的关键技术,以保证长江电子航道图的生产、应用遵循相关国际标准,同时也尽量体现长江内河流域的航道特征。     

长江航道数字地图的设计与制作

航道图是领航与船运的指南,传统工艺以声纳测量,手要绘图为主,成图周期长,误差大,已不能适应现代航运的需要。本文结合长江航道南京段数字地图制作实例,介绍了数字航道图的生产工艺,特点及应用。     

电子航道图数据预处理功能的完善与实现

以长江电子航道图为例,提出一种数据预处理平台的升级与实现方法,对原有的EPS内业处理平台和电子航道图生成编辑系统边界进行重构,整合并升级部分功能,优化数据生产与质检流程,使得完善后的系统在功能及性能有一个质的提升,减轻数据生产编辑系统的负荷,进一步提高数据生产效率,以满足内河航道综合信息服务对电子航道图数据高质量快速更新的需要.     

长江测绘成果管理应用系统研究

本文基于地理信息系统和空间数据库技术构建了长江"数字航道"测绘成果管理应用系统的框架体系;在航道测绘基础空间数据库的基础上,开发了航道测绘成果数据管理应用系统,实现了长江中游重点航道的三维模拟分析和中游航道测量调度快速反应与决策分析功能。系统的设计与实现为航道的全面数据管理与测绘成果的进一步应用提供了集成和二次开发平台。     

电子航道图标准建设与应用

电子航道图的标准建设与生产应用关系到内河航运的高质量发展动能.分析了电子航道图标准的现状及存在的问题,建立了现有电子航道图标准体系及内河航道地理信息要素的分类方法,结合电子航道图核心要素,建立了典型应用场景,通过完善电子航道图数据标准体系和精细化生产应用,不断提升综合立体交通网的水运比较优势.     

内河数字航道技术总结与展望

在长江干线数字航道、无锡感知航道、长三角船联网及国外莱茵河航道RIS、密西西比河航道IWS/WIN等典型案例分析的基础上,按照内河数字航道的结构层次,从航道要素监测、航道数据、航道维护管理以及航道信息公共服务等4个方面全面归纳总结了技术研发进展情况,涵盖了关键技术、模型方法、协议标准、装备软件等内容,简要阐述了主要技术成果在长江干线、西江干线、京杭大运河等国家高等级航道网规划、建设、维护、管理、服务中的应用情况。从有序推进内河数字航道发展、对接内河水运转型升级需求的角度,指出了内河数字航道技术发展的总体趋势,并运用缺口分析法,找出了航道感知层、航道数据层、航道维护管理层、航道信息公共服务层等4个层次的技术瓶颈。本文的内容可为我国内河数字航道规划、建设与运行维护的技术选型及内河数字航道技术研发方向的选定提供借鉴。     

采用Client/Server结构建立航道航运管理信息系统设计初探

本文从航道航运管理信息系统的数据特点,阐述有必要采用基于ＧＩＳ技术平台,Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ／Ｓｅｒｖｅ网络结构模型建立航道管理信息系统,并概要介绍了该系统的一般概念,逻辑模型,我成和系统功能。     

电子航道图与航标遥测监控系统

"数字航道"建设的主要目标在于应用信息技术平台保障航道安全、提高航务管理水平.作为航道管理中的重要导航设施航标灯(船),对其工作状态、空间位置进行远距离全天候监测与遥控是"数字航道"建设的主要内容.航标遥测监控系统集成无线通讯、传感器、空间信息处理等技术,实现航标信息的实时采集与传输,异常状况的报警及统计等功能.电子航道图运用事件驱动型地图表达、时空变化特征地图表达、多尺度地图表达及国际电子海图S57/S52标准表达等关键技术,为监控航标提供地理定位背景,并支持遥控监测中的空间信息查询、分析等功能.     

水下地形测量测深精度分析

随着长江航运事业不断发展,如何进一步提高水下地形测量中测深精度,具有重要的现实意义,本文仅就长江航道水下地形测量中的深度深度误差谈一点看法。     

“互联网+”背景下长江数字航道发展的思考

面向全国内河水运的发展,站在长江水运需求的高度,全面分析了新时期长江数字航道发展肩负的使命、面临的挑战,运用"互联网+"的思维创新、变革、发展长江航道建、管、养与服务的业务模式,从发展战略、应对策略两方面提出了长江数字航道持续发展的建议。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。