Halophilic Vibrios in the waters of Xiamen Harbor and Daya Bay

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渤海小型底栖动物生物量的初步研究

主要以线虫、桡足类、双壳类、多毛类和动吻5个类群对渤海小型底栖动物的生物量进行了估算,并对其水平分布进行了研究.结果表明,3个航次平均,渤海小型底栖动物年生物量为(干重)0.404g/(m2·a);1998年9～10月和1999年4～5月2个航次中小型底栖动物生物量的水平分布主要表现为渤海中东部和海峡口站位的生物量明显高于其他站位,但在1999年航次,海峡口靠近海岸的站位生物量下降,位于莱洲湾B1站位生物量明显上升.依据小型底栖动物的年生产力P=9B,估算渤海小型底栖动物的年平均生产力为(干重)3.636g/(m2·a).还对渤海小型底栖动物生物量与世界其他海域的进行了比较,认为渤海小型底栖动物生物量的数值与其他海域生物量的数值接近,但略偏低.就不同学者研究所得的线虫平均个体干重进行了比较研究.     

ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBON-DEGRADATION BACTERIA IN XIAMEN HARBOR

The ecology of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were investigated during five cruises in Xiamen Harbor. The results demonstrated that number of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were 2.1×102-7.5×106 cell/1 and 1.7×102-1.5×106 ceil/g dry and hetcrotrophic bacteria were 3.0× 104-5.9× 109 cell/1 and 2.53× 103-5.0× 103 cell/g dry in seawater and sediment respectively. The isolated strains which can degrade the petroleum belong to fifteen genera. Most, strains can only degsade one kind of hydro- carbon or petroleum. The results showed that the population and the species-composition of hydro carbon-degrading microorganisms were positively correlated with existing level of oil pollution and with water temperature, but independent of total microbtat count.     

Degradation of crude oils byPseudomonas sp. in enriched seawater medium

Microbial degradation of five crude oils such as Arabian light, Berri, Murban, Khafji and Minas crude oil by a pure bacterial strain,Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the sea water sampled at Kawasaki Harbor in Tokyo Bay, was studied experimentally in the enriched seawater medium.The degradation of crude oils was determined in total residual oil and in four fractions of saturated, aromatics, asphaltene and column residue by use of the column chromatography with activated alumina.The saturated fraction was shown to be most biodegradable. The aromatics followed for all five crude oils examined and the asphaltene was biodegradable to some extent. The column residue was not apparently degraded byPseudomonas sp. within 30 days. Each of Arabian light, Berri or Murban crude oil was degraded from 59 to 63.5 %, Khafji crude oil 49 % and Minas crude oil, solid at room temperature, only 33 %. Degradation rate of the five crude oils was determined to be in a range from 2.88 to 17.3 mg-oil 1^–1 hr^–1 or from 6.0×10^–12 to 1.56×10^–10 mg-oil cell^–1 hr^–1. Relative degradation ofn-paraffins of different carbon numbers in the saturated fraction was found to be similar regardless of carbon number for the five crude oils.     

Degradation of organic pollutants in near shore marine sediments: Part I—breakdown of pulp mill fibre

Cellulose levels in the sediments of Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil were measured over a period of years following the introduction of pulp mill effluent to system. Cellulose levels in experimental sediment systems subjected to pulp fibre inputs at levels simulating various possible loch input levels were measured and compared. No permanent build up of cellulose in either the loch systems or the experimental systems was observed, even at high input levels.Pulp fibre degradation rates were measured experimentally using two different techniques. No difference was found between the degradation rates of wet and predried fibre.Degradation rates equivalent to 0·2 g dry fibre m^?2 day^?1 were found in areas of low fibre input and 0·5 g dry fibre m^?2 day^?1 in areas of high input were recorded. These rates were of the same order as, but somewhat lower than, the probable input rates to the sediments in Loch Eil. Speculations as to possible reasons for this are advanced.     

厦门港湾蟹类的分布

本文根据我所1980年8月至1981年10月厦门港湾海洋环境综合调查,选取其季度月(11,2,5,8月)资料,研究该港湾蟹类的种类组成、数量分布与季节变化。     

应用六氯化苯测年法对厦门港现代沉积速率的测定

岩芯柱样用静力岩芯采样器于1986年采自福建省厦门港一九龙江口海域。通过对这些岩芯柱样中六氯化苯(BHC)的垂直分布状况和生物扰动类型的分析,应用 S_R=D_(BHC-D_(mix)/Y的计算模式,获得了这些岩芯的现代沉积速率数据。将这些数据、方法与原理完全不同的~(210)Pb放射性同位素测年法同岩芯测年数据比较,其结果在数据和数量级上有一定可比性。初步认为,再经进一步探索和改进,BHC测年法有可能应用于近岸河口港湾几十年来现代沉积速率的测定而与其它测年法互为补充。     

日照港30万吨原油码头港池与航道回淤预测分析

根据日照港30万吨级原油码头工程的设计要求,在拟建工程海域实测了2个站的大、中、小潮潮位和9条测线的流速、流向及含沙量。利用二维潮汐水流数学模型进行了潮位、流速和流向验证计算,综合研究了调查海区的泥沙运动和海底冲淤演变规律,并预测了冲淤趋势。在此基础上,重点对30万吨原油码头泊位、港池与航道的淤积进行了预测分析。分析结果表明,在正常水动力条件下,该港区内的平均年回淤速率不大,此港区适合建码头。     

东印度洋冬季印尼贯穿流影响区浮游植物群落结构特征

东印度洋受到印尼贯穿流(Indonesian Throughflow,ITF)等多个大洋流系影响,是太平洋水在低纬度进入印度洋的重要通道,具有显著的生态效应,是金枪鱼的重要渔场之一。为了解上述海域浮游植物群落组成、时空特征及其影响因素,基于2020年1～2月在该海域采集到的浮游植物样品及同步的环境数据,对其种类组成、生态类型、细胞丰度、优势类群等群落组成及其与环境因子关系进行了研究,并与赤道东印度洋浮游植物群落进行了比较。结果表明:研究海域共鉴定浮游植物4门57属268种(含变种、变型),其中,硅藻38属129种,甲藻17属136种,金藻1属2种,蓝藻1属1种;生态类型以热带大洋性种类、大洋暖水种和热带近岸种为主,浮游植物区系属于热带-亚热带生物区系。细胞丰度介于1.28×10³～7.84×10⁴ cells/m³之间,平均值为1.55×10⁴ cells/m³。优势种中硅藻占绝大多数,分别为短叉角毛藻(Chaetoceros messanensis)、伏氏海毛藻(Thalas...     

Gelatinous macroplankton in the Black Sea in the autumn of 2010

In October and November of 2010, the gelatinous macroplankton in the northwestern Black Sea and at the Crimean shelf was represented by the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita, three species of ctenophores (Beroe ovata, Mnemiopsis leidyi, and Pleurobrachia pileus), and three species of hydromedusae. A. aurita was more common at the shelf, M. leidyi and P. pileus prevailed at the deeper sea stations, and B. ovata was almost ubiquitous with a biomass from below 1 to 49 g/m² A. aurita, which had an average biomass of 82–224 g/m², was dominant at all the stations. M. leidyi, which had a biomass from below 1 to 115 g/m², was recorded in October at only 14 of the 52 stations and in November at 20 of the 46 stations. The highest biomass of M. leidyi in October (105 to 116 g/m²) was recorded in the deep sea areas; in November, it was also the highest in these areas, but it reached at most 100 g/m². The average daily ration of Aurelia ranged from 19.4 to 27.3 mg/m² in October and from 7.0 to 17.2 mg/m² in November; in both cases, it was insufficient to provide for the minimal physiological requirements. The average daily ration of the Mnemiopsis population (2.8–20.5 mg of zooplankton per m²) was invariably more than sufficient to provide for the minimal physiological requirements. Both predatory species together consumed less than 5% of the daily zooplankton production of the sea.     

刺参养殖池塘一种塑料人工参礁表面生态学特征初步研究

人工参礁在中国刺参(Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka))养殖业中被广泛应用,本文调查了2008年春、秋季刺参池塘中一种塑料人工礁表面的生物群落结构.采用沉积物捕捉器的方法调查了刺参池塘人工礁表面碳、氮、磷的循环及参礁的生态特征.结果表明,春季礁体底栖动物生物量及生物多样性高于秋季,底栖动物均集中在礁体外表面的缝隙内,4月礁体表面颗粒物,底泥沉积物总有机碳(TOC)平均含量分别为41.9 mg/g 和2.45 mg/g;总氮(TN)平均含量分别为4.1 mg/g 和0.2 mg/g.10月礁体表面颗粒物,底泥沉积物 TOC 含量分别为27.5 mg/g 和3.1 mg/g; TN 平均含量分别3.1 mg/g 和0.3 mg/g.4月 TOC, TN 沉积量分别达到711.2 mg/(m2·d)和70.7 mg/(m2·d);10月 TOC, TN 沉积量分别为804.9 mg/(m2·d)和87.3 mg/(m2·d).4月人工礁表面叶绿素/脱镁叶绿素(Chl a/Pheophytin)>1,表明礁体活体藻类较多.10月人工礁表面 Chl a/Pheophytin<1表明礁体表面降解颗粒物质较多.人工礁为刺参提供遮蔽场所,其表面生物膜为刺参提供优质食物,同时可增加池塘底面积,增强养殖系统稳定性.     

2008年中国沿岸冬季寒潮激发陆架波的小波分析

This study applies the wavelet analysis to the tidal gauge records, alongshore winds, atmospheric temperature and pressure along the China coast in winter 2008. The analysis results show three events of sea level oscillations(SLOs) on the shelf induced by winter storms. The first event occurred from January 9 to 21. The SLO periods were double-peaked at 1.6–5.3 and 7.0–16.0 d with the power densities of 0.04–0.05 and 0.10–0.15 m2·d, respectively.The second event occurred from February 5 to 18. The SLO period was single-peaked at 2.3–3.5 d with power density of 0.03–0.04 m2·d. The third event occurred from February 20 to March 8. The SLO periods were doublepeaked at 1.5–4.3 and 6.1–8.2 d with the power densities of 0.08–0.11 and 0.02–0.08 m2·d, respectively. The SLOs propagated along the coast from Zhejiang in north to Guangdong in south. The phase speeds ranged about 9–29m/s from Kanmen to Pingtan, 5–11 m/s from Xiamen to Huizhou and 11–22 m/s from Huizhou to Shuidong. The dispersion relation of the SLOs shows their nature of coastal-trapped wave.     

热带太平洋西部及赤道暖水区的初级生产力

描述了对热带太平洋西部(1991年11月WOCE调查)及赤道暖水区(1992年11月至1993年2月的TOGA-COARE调查)的叶绿素a分布和初级生产力(C),及其与理化环境的关系.西部海域叶绿素a平均总量达19.79mg/m2,暖水区为2.168mg/m2;暖水区的潜在初级生产量高于西部海域,量值分别为228mg/(m2·d)和171mg/(m2·d),次表层最大值成为调查海域水体叶绿素a分布的一个明显特点.叶绿素a总量平面分布趋向表明:高生物量主要位于巴士海峡邻近、菲律宾以及伊里安岛的近岸站位,此外,在2°～4°N之间的观测区.低生物量主要位于外洋海域.生物量的分布与不同海域的物理过程变化有关,而海水涌升可能是导致温度、盐度和营养盐分布产生变化,并因而导致高生物量的一个重要的物理过程.     

Eutrophication and annual primary production of phytoplankton in the deep-water part of the Black Sea

Using the data of daily primary production, as well as intraannual and long-term changes in the concentration of chlorophyll “a” and hydrochemical characteristics, the annual primary production of phytoplankton in the deep-water part of the Black Sea is estimated for the three key periods in the contemporary evolution of the sea: preeutrophication, very intense eutrophication, and the present-day period characterized by deeutrophication. It is shown that eutrophication in the second part of the 20th Century led to an increase in the production level not only in the shelf of the Black Sea, but also its deep-water areas. By the end of the 1980s and the early 1990s, the value of the annual primary production in this part of the sea increased from 63 ± 18 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ (in the 1960s) up to 135 ± 30 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. On the contrary, after 1993, mainly because of reduced runoff of biogenic substances into the Black Sea from land based sources, there was a decrease in the annual production of phytoplankton in the deep-water areas of the sea, which is currently about 105 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹.     

海上油田原油运输船队和油船主尺度论证

本文针对某一海上油田的原油运输问题，介绍了以完成特定运输任务为目标的船队和油船主尺度论证过程。论证采用了分析法和正交优选法相结合的方法，强调了边界条件的分析和选取，注重优化的合理性。     

A potential source of recruitment of Acartia pacifica nauplii: viable benthic resting eggs

Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs varied temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10⁴m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10⁴ m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10⁴ and 3.3×10⁴ m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0～10 cm),although not in every station. The maximin number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.     

Distribution of Fecal Coliform Group in Coastal Waters in Xiamen Harbour

Distribution of fecal coliform group in the coastal waters in Xiamen Harbor was investigated. The detectable numbers of fecal coliform group were generally 10~2—10~3/1000 ml or 10~3—10~4/1000ml, except more than 10~4/1000ml at a few stations contaminated severely. The numbers were influenced by tidal change, decreasing in the order of low tide>ebb     

基于AMBI和M-AMBI法的底栖生态环境质量评价——以厦门五缘湾海域为例

于2011-2013年5月和10月在厦门五缘湾海域设置7个站位进行大型底栖动物调查,并结合2005年的历史数据,运用AMBI和M-AMBI指数法评价该海域海底生态环境质量的时空变化状况。2011-2013年共鉴定大型底栖动物9门106科193种,多毛类(83种)、甲壳类(53种)和软体动物(25种)是该海域的主要优势类群,平均总密度和湿质量生物量分别为(518±292)ind/m2和(54.8±88.9)g/m2。多毛类的短鳃树蛰虫(Pista brevibranchia)为该海域的绝对优势种,其平均密度可达(170±179)ind/m2,其他优势种还有似蛰虫(Amaeana trilobata)、西方似蛰虫(Amaeana occidentalis)、丝鳃稚齿虫(Prionospio malmgreni)、梳鳃虫(Terebellides stroemii)、独毛虫属一种(Tharyxsp.)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、长指马尔他钩虾(Melita longidactyla)和伍氏蝼蛄虾(Austinogebia wuhsienweni)等。评价结果显示,该海域底栖生态系统受轻度干扰,生态环境质量介于一般—优良之间,与2005年的调查相比,2011-2013年该海域的生态环境质量有所好转,这可能与五缘湾及周边海域近年来进行的海堤开口改造、海洋环境整治,以及海湾纳潮量及水交换能力的改善有关。     

Temporal changes of soft-bottom zoobenthic communities in and around Alsancak Harbor (Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea), with special attention to the autecology of exotic species

Temporal and spatial variation in soft‐bottom benthic communities following recovery from a pollution episode were studied between January and September 2004 in and around Alsancak Harbor, located in the polluted part of Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean). Samples were collected at seven stations by van Veen grab. Three additional stations were sampled by means of a beam trawl to take into account large mobile animals and for a better estimate of the local biodiversity. A total of 231 species belonging to 10 zoobenthic groups were found. Polychaetes contributed 90% of the total faunal populations and mollusks 87% of the total biomass in the area. Community parameters varied significantly among stations and sampling periods; number of species ranged from 2 to 79 per 0.1 m² grab sample; density from 20 to 81,720 ind·m^?2; biomass from 0.1 to 4190 g·m^?2; Shannon–Wiener diversity index (log₂ base) from 0.4 to 4.4; and Pielou's evenness index from 0.11 to 1.0. Collections indicate that a number of species, including those sensitive to pollution, have colonized the area where azoic conditions had been previously reported. A total of six exotic species, Streblospio gynobranchiata, Polydora cornuta, Hydroides dianthus, Hydroides elegans, Anadara demiri and Fulvia fragilis, probably transferred to the area via ballast water or hull fouling, dominated soft or hard substrata in and near Alsancak Harbor. The first two species accounted for more than 70% of the total population in the area, while A. demiri contributed the most to the biomass (93%, at station 7).     

厦门邻近海域油类污染状况评价

本文根据1998年7月和11月两个航次厦门邻近海区油类污染调查资料，对该海区的含量分布特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：厦门邻近海区油类含量均在海水水质标准范围内，如含量较高的马銮湾内其油含量为22．5μg/dm^3，九龙江口8号站为32．16μg/dm^3，马銮湾外6号站在11月份的37．28μg/dm^3。厦门邻近海区的油类来源主要是由于码头和船舶排污造成的，并且与其环境条件直接相关。