共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 183 毫秒
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地下水脆弱性是污染物由地表到达地下水系统某一特定位置的趋向性和可能性。研究地下水脆弱性是为了更好地管理和开发利用地下水提供一个强而有力的依据。由于地下水脆弱性的界线是模糊的。且因不同的地区和不同的地质条件的差异,脆弱性的影响因素的权重也会随之变化。现采用基于AHP(层次分析)的模糊综合评判模型能使评价结果更加客观且符合实际,且能较好地解决定量和定性相结合的问题。现采用基于AHP(层次分析)的模糊综合评判模型对海口市地下水源地进行脆弱性评价,经过海口市地下水源地脆弱性的计算,证明了基于AHP的模糊综合评价模型用于地下水脆弱性评价是可行的,且能使评价结果更加客观和符合实际。 相似文献
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基于DRASTIC的含水层脆弱性模糊评价方法与应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
通过分析目前广泛采用的DRASTIC方法存在的主要问题,将含水层脆弱性定义为模糊概念,结合模糊分析评价理论及三标度分两步的层次分析法建立了一套改进的含水层脆弱性评价模型。为测试其可靠性,分别将改进模型和传统DRASTIC模型应用于祁县东观镇含水层脆弱性评价中。研究结果表明:改进模型得到的脆弱性等级变化较后者更灵敏,分布范围及变化情况更精确,更能真实反映含水层脆弱性在空间上的连续变化,且计算简便、脆弱性分区图效果直观,丰富和完善了地下水脆弱性评价方法。 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐市位于西北干旱地区,地下水人均资源量严重不足,制约了城市经济和资源环境的协调发展。本次评价采用国内外应用成熟的DRASTIC方法,评价乌鲁木齐市浅层地下水脆弱性,首先对7个指标进行评分,建立符合研究区的DRASTIC评分体系,得到研究区DRASTIC模型的7个指标的评分图,然后利用ArcGis10.2软件的图层空间分析平台,结合评价结果做出了相应的脆弱性分区图。结果显示,乌鲁木齐市内乌鲁木齐河谷区及北部五一农场地段的地下水脆弱性为中—高等,主导因素为含水层介质类型为砂岩、砂砾石等透水性较好的地层,地下水埋深较小,地层渗透系数较高;位于市区南部的柴窝堡—乌拉泊村、永丰乡及北部的三坪农场至大草滩区域地下水脆弱性中等,其余地段地下水脆弱性低。 相似文献
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基于熵权与GIS耦合的DRASTIC地下水脆弱性模糊优选评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
地下水脆弱性评价与编图是保护地下水环境工作的基础,DRASTIC模型是目前国际上最普遍应用的地下水脆弱性评价方法。在利用GIS进行地下水脆弱性评价的基础上,引进基于熵权的模糊优选评价方法,构建了基于熵权与GIS耦合的DRASTIC地下水脆弱性模糊优选评价模型。将该模型应用于黄水河流域,计算出了各评价参数的熵权和各叠加分区基于熵权的隶属度,据此将地下水脆弱性划分为高、中、低3个等级。结果表明,评价过程中避免了人为因素的干扰,更能真实地反映客观情况,为地下水脆弱性的评价提供新的思路和方法。 相似文献
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基于改进的DRASTIC模型对香溪河典型岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
南方岩溶流域的地表水与地下水转换频繁,地下水环境对人类活动响应敏感,地下水环境脆弱。为探索岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价的方法,以岩溶流域为评价对象,选取植被覆盖率、地形坡度、土壤类型、地下水水位埋深、地下水补给模数、土地利用类型6个指标,通过改进DRASTIC模型的评价指标体系,建立了基于VTSDRL模型的岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价指标体系。以香溪河岩溶流域地下水为例,利用层次分析法计算了评价指标权重,基于地理信息系统的叠加分析功能对香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明:香溪河岩溶流域地下水脆弱性以中等脆弱区为主,占比达到86.6%;地下水补给模数和土地利用类型对地下水脆弱性的影响作用最强,地下水脆弱性高的区域主要分布于溶丘洼地区,其面临农业活动污染的风险最大。该研究可为我国南方岩溶流域地下水脆弱性评价和岩溶水资源保护提供参考。 相似文献
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松花江佳木斯段潜水脆弱性评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
鉴于松花江流域地下水的重要性和当前污染,运用改进的DRASTIC模型,对松花江佳木斯段5~10 km范围内潜水进行了脆弱性评价。选取净补给量、包气带介质、含水层厚度、地下水水位埋深、土地利用类型、污染源影响和地下水开采模数建成评价指标体系;采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,结合GIS技术实现了脆弱性分区,并将结果与地下水质评价结果进行对比;最后通过敏感度分析讨论了所选指标的合理性。结果表明:地下水脆弱性相对较低和低脆弱区共占研究区面积的82.76%;较高和高的区域仅占8.13%,主要分布在七水厂、江北水源地以及污染强度较大的点源污染周围。地下水埋深、包气带岩性和地下水开采模数是对潜水脆弱性影响最大的因素。评价结果比较真实地反映了松花江佳木斯段潜水脆弱性状况,对城市规划建设和地下水资源的可持续利用具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Assessment of shallow groundwater vulnerability in Dahei River Plain based on AHP and DRASTIC 下载免费PDF全文
Based on the special hydrogeological conditions of the Dahei River Plain in the Inner Mongolia area, assessment of shallow groundwater vulnerability is conducted based on DRASTIC model. Each evaluation indicator weight is determined by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The most important indicators are lithology in soil media and vadose zone. Assessment model of shallow groundwater vulnerability of the Dahei River plain is constructed. Distribution map of vulnerability index in this area is made with the spatial analysis function of ARCGIS. The results show that the particularly sensitive area is the piedmont of the Daqing Mountain, where the upstream place of the groundwater and the south-central place of the plain has the lowest vulnerability. The assessment results are more in accordance with the actual vulnerability conditions of this area by using analytic hierarchy process, and is helpful for groundwater protection. 相似文献
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区域地下水系统防污性能评价方法探讨与验证——以鲁北平原为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
区域地下水系统防污性能评价,面临影响因子多又复杂、评价指标难以客观性选定和权重不易确定等难题,以至严重影响评价结果的可信性。本文以鲁北平原为例,在以往地下水脆弱性评价常用的DRASTIC模型基础上,采用创新的迭置指数方法,改进为"DRITCS法",选择地下水位埋深、包气带综合岩性、地表2 m内单层厚度大于0.5 m的粘土层厚、含水砂层厚度及其渗透系数、和地下水净补给量等因子,组成区域地下水系统防污性能评价模型。合理地确定了区域地下水系统防污性能评价中关键指标——包气带粘性土层变化影响,并在鲁北平原示范性应用和通过以面源污染为主的三氮污染现状验证的结果表明:本文提出的方法能够客观地反映流域性相变造成的地下水系统防污性能空间差异性和区位分布特征,具有较强的实用性。 相似文献
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Jing Hao Yongxiang Zhang Yangwen Jia Hao Wang Cunwen Niu Yongde Gan Yicheng Gong 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):144
Depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer (DRASTIC) model based on a geographic information system (GIS) is the most widely adopted model for the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. However, the model had its own disadvantages in various aspects. In this work, several methods and the technologies have been introduced to improve on the traditional model. The type of the aquifer was replaced by the thickness of the aquifer, and the index of topography was removed. The indexes of the exploitation of the groundwater and the type of land use that reflected the special vulnerability were added to the system. Furthermore, considering the wideness of the study area, the fixed weights in the DRASTIC model were not suitable. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and an entropy weight (Ew) method were introduced to calculate the weights of parameters. Then, the Spearman Rho correlation coefficients between IVI and the Nemerow synthetical pollution index (NI) of the groundwater quality were significantly improved, after the four steps of modification. The level differences with little gaps between Nemerow comprehensive pollution indexes and groundwater vulnerability occupied the proportion of the area from 75.68 to 84.04%, and finally, a single-parameter sensitivity analysis for the two models was used to compute the effective weights of these parameters. By comparison, the DRMSICEL model seems to perform better than the DRASTIC model in the study area. And the results show discrepancies between the vulnerability indices and groundwater quality as indicated by existence of vulnerable areas with bad water quality and vice versa. 相似文献
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在哈尔滨城市地质调查项目实测的地质、水文地质资料的基础上,利用DRASTIC方法,选择地下水埋深、净补给量、含水层介质、包气带影响等7个参数作为评价指标,建立哈尔滨地区地下水易污性评价体系,编制哈尔滨地区地下水易污性分区图。研究表明,哈尔滨地区地下水易污性较高的区域占17.1%,主要分布在松花江两岸,为地下水污染的高风险地区,应列为地下水资源管理重点防护区域。 相似文献
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下辽河平原地下水脆弱性研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在参照DRASTIC方法的基础上,根据下辽河平原的具体状况,选择地下水埋深等11个参数作为该地区地下水脆弱性评价因子。评价因子的评分体系依据典型地区及相应标准确立,权重体系由层次分析法和决策分析法得到。在此基础上,利用模糊模式识别技术对下辽河平原地区的地下水脆弱性进行评价,评价结果与该地区地下水污染情况的拟合度较好。 相似文献
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When used in a comprehensive risk assessment framework, aquifer vulnerability maps are a tool to identify the relative susceptibility
of the groundwater from sources of contamination at the land surface. The DRASTIC method was designed for use over large areas
with a wide variety of geological and hydrogeologic settings as a screening tool in groundwater protection and management.
In this study, a series of vulnerability maps were made for the Greater Oliver area, in south central Okanagan, British Columbia,
Canada, to test the sensitivity of the methodology to changes in input data type, interpretation, and mapping approaches.
The study also illustrates how DRASTIC can be modified for use in areas of limited geological variability, where it may be
important for smaller-scale changes in vulnerability to be recognized. Maps were produced using the original DRASTIC rating
tables, a set of expanded tables using the original properties but modified ranges to accommodate the variability of data
in the valley bottom region, and alternate tables, with modified properties and ranges. Differences in vulnerability rating
for the maps using selected combinations and data interpretations are compared to the map using original DRASTIC rating tables
using visual and statistical methods. One map was generated using expert hydrological knowledge. The modified tables allowed
a greater amount of variability to be expressed in the valley bottom area compared to using the original tables and methods,
and could provide a reasonable approach for assessing local scale variability for source water protection planning. 相似文献
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Evaluation of aquifers vulnerability to contamination in the Yarmouk River basin, Jordan, based on DRASTIC method 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The existing different human activities and planned land uses put the groundwater resources in Jordan at considerable risk. There are evidences suggesting that the quality of groundwater supplies in north Jordan is under threat from a wide variety of point and non-point sources including agricultural, domestic, and industrial. Vulnerability maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for groundwater contamination on the basis of hydrogeological conditions and human impacts. DRASTIC method incorporates the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control groundwater movement: depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (R), lithology of the aquifer (A), soil texture (S), topography (T), lithology of vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The main goal of this study is to produce vulnerability maps of groundwater resources in the Yarmouk River basin by applying the DRASTIC method to determine areas where groundwater protection or monitoring is critical. ArcGIS 9.2 was used to create the groundwater vulnerability maps by overlaying the available hydrogeological data. The resulting vulnerability maps were then integrated with lineament and land use maps as additional parameters in the DRASTIC model to assess more accurately the potential risk of groundwater to pollution. The general DRASTIC index indicates that the potential for polluting groundwater is low in the whole basin, whereas the resulting pesticide DRASTIC vulnerability map indicates that about 31% of the basin is classified as having moderate vulnerability, which may be attributed to agricultural activities in the area. Although high nitrate concentrations were found in areas of moderate vulnerability, DRASTIC method did not depict accurately the nitrate distribution in the area. 相似文献