中国马尾藻属的研究：VII.宾德种群的三个新种

在研究中国真马尾藻亚属Ｓｕｂｇｅｎｕｓ Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍ刺托组Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｃａｒｐｉｃａｅ团伞托序亚组Ｓｕｂｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌａｔａｅ宾德系Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ Ｂｉｎｄｅｒｉａｎａ宾德种群Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ Ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂｉｎｄｅｒｉａ过程中，发现该种群新种３个，它们是中间马尾藻Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍ ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｍ Ｔｓｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，模式标本于１     

中国马尾藻属的研究

对中国真马尾藻亚属Ｓｕｂｇｅｎｕｓ Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍ刺激托组ＳｅｃｔｉｏｎＡｃａｎｔｈｏｃａｒｐｉｃａｅ团伞托序亚组ＳｕｂｓｅｃｔｉｏｎＧｌｏｍｅｒｕｌａｔａｃ扁托系ＳｅｒｉｅｓＰｌａｔｙｃａｒｐａｅ的种类研究过程，发现该系新种４个，它们是永兴马尾藻Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍ ｙｏｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ Ｔｓｅｎｇ ｅｔ ＬＵ Ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本于１９５８年３月８日由郑树栋采自西沙群岛永兴岛，模式标本     

中国马尾藻属的研究：VI.斯氏种群的四个新种

对中国真马尾藻亚属Ｓｕｂｇｅｎｕｓ Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍ刺托组Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｃａｒｐｉｃａｅ宾德系Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ Ｂｉｎｄｅｒｉａｎａ斯氏种群Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｓｗａｒｔｚｉａ的研究中，发现该种群新种４个，它们是原始马尾藻Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍ ｐｒｉｍｉｔｉｖｕｍ Ｔｓｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｕ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，模式标本于１９９２年４月１０日采自海南省文昌县，模式标本号ＡＳＴ９２－０２     

中国马尾藻属的研究：IV. 具腺系的两个新种

对于中国马尾藻属，真马尾藻亚属滑托组Ｍａｌａｃｏｃａｒｐｉｃａｅ（Ｊ． Ａｇ．）Ａｂｂｏｔｔ，Ｔｓｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｕ，总状托序亚组Ｓｕｂｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｒａｃｅｍｏｓａｅ，具腺系Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ Ｇｌａｎｄｕｌａｒｉａｅ的种类进行了系统的研究。结果表明，中国共有具腺系３个种，除棒托马尾藻前人已经报道外，本文建立了两个新种，它们是：１线形马尾藻，模式标本于１９５５年５月７日采自广东省硇洲岛，模式标本号为     

Wave Energy Study in China: Advancements and Perspectives

1 .Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ1ＴｈｉｓｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｗａｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＨｉｇｈＴｅｃｈＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ( 863)Ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ (ＧｒａｎｔＮｏ .2 0 0 1ＡＡ5 160 10 ) ,ｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ (ＧｒａｎｔＮｏ .5 99760 4 7ａｎｄＮｏ .5 99790 2 5 ) ,ｔｈｅＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｉｃＰｒｏｇｒａｍｏｆＧｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ (ＧｒａｎｔＮｏ .Ｃ32 0 0 4 ) ,ａｎｄＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｃｉｅ…     

大亚湾的马尾藻资源研究

大亚湾的马尾藻种类多，分布广，生物量高，资源丰富。马尾藻资源与生长基质、潮流等关系密切。文中讨论了半叶马尾藻Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍｈｅｍｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ和亨氏马尾藻Ｓ．ｈｅｎｓｌｏｗｉａｎｕｍ的生物量与密度、藻体长度和单株藻体重量间关系，以及不同潮位马尾藻的资源状况。     

大亚湾的马尾藻资源研究

大亚湾的马尾藻种类多，分布广，生物量高，资源丰富，马尾藻资源与生长基质、潮流等关系密切。文中讨论了半叶马尾藻Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍｈｅｍｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ和亨氏马尾藻Ｓ．ｈｅｎｓｌｏｗｉａｎｕｍ的生物量与密度、藻体长度和单株藻体重量间关系，以及不同潮位马尾藻的资源状况。     

《海洋科学》编辑委员会

顾问委员会（ＡｄｖｉｓｏｒｓＢｏａｒｄ）主委（ＣｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆＢｏａｒｄ) :曾呈奎（Ｃ．Ｋ．Ｔｓｅｎｇ，）(院士 ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎＣＡＳ；ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣＡＳ)委员 (ＢｏａｒｄＭｅｍｂｅｒｓ) （排名不分先后） :刘瑞玉 (ＬＩＵＲｕｉ ｙｕ) (院士 ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎＣＡＳ；ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣＡＳ)秦蕴珊 (ＱＩＮＹｕｎ ｓｈａｎ) (院士 ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉｃｉａｎＣＡＳ；ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣＡＳ)张福绥 (ＺＨＡＮＧ…     

Coastal geomorphic evolution at the Denglou Cape, the Leizhou Peninsula

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＤｅｎｇｌｏｕＣａｐｅ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｏｆｔｈｅＬｅｉｚｈｏｕＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａ ,ｉｓａｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｚｏｎｅ .ＳｅｖｅｒａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓａｎｄｃａｒｔｏｇｒａｐｈｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＱｕａｔｅｒ ｎａｒｙｇｅｏｌｏｇｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗｅｒｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ,ａｌｌｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｔｈｉｓａｒｅａ (ＭＧＬ ,ＳＣＳＩＯ ,ＣＡＳ ,1 978;ＧＰＣＳＧＲＣＺＴ…     

Study on detection of coastal water environment of China by ocean color remote sensing

ＳＡＴＥＬＬＩＴＥＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＳＦＯＲＣＯＡＳＴＡＬＷＡＴＥＲＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ 1 980ｓ,ｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐａｉｄｔｏｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓｆｏｒｃｏａｓｔａｌｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.Ｔｗｏｏｃｅａｎｃｏｌｏｒｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓａｄｄｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｓａｔｅｌｌｉｔ…     

人工养殖曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)繁殖生物学特性研究

采用常规生物学方法和统计回归分析,研究了养殖曼氏无针乌贼卵巢成熟系数(GSI)的变化规律和个体生殖力与其主要形态指标之间的相互关系.结果表明,曼氏无针乌贼春苗100日龄时GS/达到最高(12.2%±3.25%),秋苗140日龄时GSI达到最高(13.7%±3.69%).曼氏无针乌贼秋苗的体质量相对生殖力(F<,W>)极...     

Report of Prionospio complex (Annelida: Polychaeta: Spionidae) from China''s waters, with description of a new species

Nine species of Prionospio complex are recorded from China’s waters, including one new species and six newly recorded species. Prionospio (Prionospio) pacifica sp. nov., is characterized by having first and forth pairs of branchiae pinnate, second and third pairs of apinnate, ventral crest on Setiger 9 and dorsal crests on Setigers 10—25. Apoprionospio kirrae (Wilson, 1990), Prionospio (Aquilaspio) convexa Imajima, 1990, Prionospio (Minuspio) multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927, Prionospio (Prionospio) bocki Sderstrm, 1920, Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia Maciolek, 1985 and Prionospio (Prionospio) paradisea Imajima, 1990 are recorded for the first time from China’s waters.     

Assimilated carbon budget for the hyperiid amphipodThemisto japonica (bovallius) from the Japan sea as influenced by temperature

Using a growth model based on moult number, the assimilated carbon budget was constructed forThemisto japonica growing from the specimens just released from the marsupium to mature adults at 1–15°C. As budget parameters, growth (G), metabolism (Me), moult (Mo), and reproduction (Re) were measured and assimilation (A) was estimated as the sum of these four parameters (A=G+Me +Mo +Re). The results of the lifetime budget indicated that among these parameters the greatest allocation ofA was toMe (70–83%). Lifetime expenditure of carbon forMe was the least at 7°C, andMe increased with either increase or decrease of the temperature from 7°C. A female grown to full adult size at 7°C invested 16.6 % forG, 70.2% forMe, 2.1% forMo, and 11.1% forRe of totalA. General features seen in the partition ofA toG, Me, Mo, andRe forT. japonica are similar to those of other planktonic crustaceans being reported. Considering the profound effect of temperature on the assimilated carbon budget, practical problems in defining the representative habitat temperature for diel vertical migrators likeT. japonica in the field are discussed.     

高原湖泊鱼类生长特性与形态差异研究

根据2009年8—11月洱海流域采集的2991尾鱼类样本,研究了其生长特性与形态差异。结果表明,洱海流域大部分鱼类表现为匀速生长或近匀速生长,但有两种鱼类(中华青、大理裂腹鱼)呈现强异速生长。肥满度以吃食性鱼类最高(鲫、鲤、团头鲂),滤食性鱼类次之(鲢、鳙)。对主要优势种——麦穗鱼、鲫的形态分析表明,洱海麦穗鱼、鲫种群与西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼、鲫种群在形态上均无显著差异。西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼种群之间以及鲫种群之间均存在种群间差异(C.D<1.28),其中茈碧湖、海西海两个湖泊的鲫种群在眼径/头长性状上的差异达到亚种水平(C.D=1.5)。     

红沿河海域常见水母的食物组成分析——基于稳定同位素和脂肪酸标记法

为了探究不同种类水母对浮游食物网的摄食影响,采用碳氮稳定同位素和脂肪酸标记法,研究分析了渤海红沿河海域常见的4种小型水母(伞径直径5 cm:卡玛拉水母Malagazzia carolinae、球形侧腕水母Pleurobrachia globosa、帽铃水母Tiaricodon coeruleus、半球美螅水母Clytia hemisphaerica和3种大型水母(伞径10—200cm:沙海蜇Nemopilema nomurai、海月水母Aurelia aurita)和白色霞水母Cyanea nozakii)的食物组成。结果表明,不同种类水母的食物组成存在差异。其中卡玛拉水母、球形侧腕水母、帽铃水母、半球美螅水母和白色霞水母均偏肉食食性,食物组成中动物性食物所占比例更高,高于海月水母与沙海蜇。在食物粒径谱上,帽铃水母和半球美螅水母较大粒径的食物比例均高于小粒径的悬浮有机物(POM)比例。卡玛拉水母和球形侧腕水母各个粒径食物比例接近。大型水母中,白色霞水母的食物中大粒径的浮游动物的比例高于海月水母,更高于沙海蜇。由此看来,小型水母和大型的白色霞水母的暴发会直接影响大中型浮游动物数量,海月水母的暴发对不同大小的浮游生物均会产生一定的影响。而沙海蜇的暴发会大量摄食1 mm的小型浮游生物和POM,对大中型浮游动物以及更高营养层生物(鱼类等)的影响可能是通过蜇伤以及饵料竞争导致的。因此,不同种类水母暴发对浮游生物的影响存在差异。本研究从摄食角度初步探究了水母对海洋生态系统物质循环和能量流动的影响,为水母暴发的灾害防治提供了数据支持。     

短蛸对不同生物饵料利用的比较

为比较短蛸（Octopus ocellatus）对不同生物饵料的利用效果，以南美白对虾、肉球近方蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和玉筋鱼四种饵料进行了饲喂实验。结果表明：1）肉球近方蟹组短蛸增重率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），南美白对虾组脏体比显著高于玉筋鱼组（P<0.05），各饵料组肝体比无显著差异；2）南美白对虾组和肉球近方蟹组短蛸肌肉的蛋白质含量显著高于菲律宾蛤仔组和玉筋鱼组（P<0.05），肉球近方蟹组脂肪含量显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组灰分含量显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；3）南美白对虾组短蛸肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），肉球近方蟹组谷草转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组谷氨酸脱氢酶活性显著低于其余各组（P<0.05），菲律宾蛤仔组酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组胃蛋白酶活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。综上，投喂肉球近方蟹可以显著提高短蛸的增重率；不同饵料对短蛸肌肉的蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量有影响，对其肝胰腺功能和胃蛋白酶活性也有显著影响。     

Optical properties of the red tide in Isahaya Bay,southwestern Japan: Influence of chlorophyll a concentration

Remote sensing reflectance [R _rs(λ)] and absorption coefficients of red tides were measured in Isahaya Bay, southwestern Japan, to investigate differences in the optical properties of red tide and non-red tide waters. We defined colored areas of the sea surface, visualized from shipboard, as “red tides”. Peaks of the R _rs(λ) spectra of non-red tide waters were at 565 nm, while those of red tides shifted to longer wavelengths (589 nm). The spectral shape of R _rs(λ) was close to that of the reciprocal of the total absorption coefficient [1/a(λ)], implying that the R _rs(λ) peak is determined by absorption. Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton [a _ph(λ)], non-pigment particles and colored dissolved organic matter increased with increasing chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), and those coefficients were correlated with Chl a for both red tide and non-red tide waters. Using these relationships between absorption coefficients and Chl a, variation in the spectrum of 1/a(λ) as a function of Chl a was calculated. The peak of 1/a(λ) shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing Chl a. Furthermore, the relative contribution of a _ph(λ) to the total absorption in red tide water was significantly higher than in non-red tide water in the wavelength range 550–600 nm, including the peak. Our results show that the variation of a _ph(λ) with Chl a dominates the behavior of the R _rs(λ) peak, and utilization of R _rs(λ) peaks at 589 and 565 nm may be useful to discriminate between red tide and non-red tide waters by remote sensing.     

Morphometric relationships of palinurid lobsters Palinurus delagoae and P. gilchristi and a scyllarid lobster Scyllarides elisabethae caught in traps off the south and east coasts of South Africa

Morphometric relationships of commercially important lobsters Palinurus delagoae, P. gilchristi and Scyllarides elisabethae were determined using standard measurements of carapace length (CL), whole mass (WM) and tail mass (TM). The relationships are important because they form the basis for assessing landings. As CL increases, TM and WM of female P. delagoae and P. gilchristi become progressively heavier than males. The TM and WM of P. gilchristi were significantly greater for a given length than for P. delagoae. The TM of P. gilchristi, the unit used to control the total allowable catch of the fishery, remained a constant proportion of WM throughout the commercial size range. The TM of P. delagoae, as a proportion of WM, decreased as lobster size increased. Morphometric differences can be distinguished between P. delagoae and P. gilchristi using the relationships presented.     

A refinement of the previous hypothesis of turbulent energy spectrum

To refine the previous hypothesis of turbulent energy spectrum (Nan-niti, 1970), further theoretical consideration and a simple experiment using electric fans was carried out. From the hypothesis ofq=δε/δk andεq=const., the following relations are derived for the spectrumF, and the autocorrelation functionR:F(k)∼k _{−(5−2α)/3} andR(t)∼1−(t/τ)_2(1−α)/3, whereq is the local energy supply,ε the energy dissipation rate, andk the wavenumber,t the time,τ the lifetime of the largest eddy. The following further relations are also obtained:ε∼l _−α,v∼l _β,v∼τ _γ andγ=(1−α)/(2+α)=β/(1−β), wherel is the length scale of the phenomenon,v turbulent velocity,α=1/2,β=1/6, andγ=1/5. The experimental results support these relations.     

海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)摄食的研究

采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。