黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征：对青海锡铁山矿床成因的启示

锡铁山铅锌矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘，主要呈层状、脉状及不规则状三类矿体产于绿片岩相的片岩、大理岩及其过渡带中。赋矿围岩的原岩主要为晚奥陶世滩间山群的浅海相基性—酸性火山-沉积岩。前人对该矿床的成因类型存在SEDEX、VMS 和变质叠加的喷流沉积矿床等诸多争议。根据矿石宏观特征和显微组构，文章将锡铁山矿床中层状矿体中的黄铁矿分为胶黄铁矿（Py-I）、他形黄铁矿（Py-II） 和半自形—自形黄铁矿（Py-III） 3 种类型，分别代表了原始沉积型黄铁矿、低程度重结晶黄铁矿和高度重结晶的黄铁矿。使用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS） 分别对这三种类型黄铁矿进行了微量元素的测试，结果表明三者间具有明显的差异。Py-I 中富含Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni 等成矿元素，Co/Ni比值大于1，并具有相对平滑的时间-空间信号曲线。这表明Ni、Co、As 可能以固溶体形式赋存于Py-I 晶格之中，Cu、Pb、Zn 等元素可能以纳米级矿物微粒存在于Py-I 晶格缺陷中。Py-II 中微量元素含量变化较大，明显低于Py-I，LA-ICP-MS 时间-空间信号曲线表现为多个“尖峰”，暗示着这些元素以微米级矿物包裹体形成存在。Py-III 中微量元素含量极低，甚至低于检测限，除了个别测试点以外。根据上述元素的赋存状态和组构特征，笔者认为Py-I 是火山活动海底喷流沉积过程中形成的，Py-II 和Py-III 则是由Py-I 经后期不同程度的成岩和变质重结晶作用而形成的产物。结合近年来锡铁山矿床赋矿围岩岩相学、锆石U-Pb 年代学、地球化学和构造背景的研究结果，此次研究认为锡铁山矿床应属于VMS 型块状硫化物矿床，在成矿后的造山运动过程中经历了显著的矿体变质和成矿元素再活化作用。     

锡铁山矿床两类喷流沉积成因的铅锌矿体研究

锡铁山大型铅锌矿床发育有非层状和层状两种类型的铅锌矿体,通过对两类矿体产出地质条件与地球化学特征的研究,发现非层状矿体分布于代表喷口系统的网脉状蚀变带的上方附近,其中发育有大量的热水爆破角砾岩,而层状矿体分布于远离喷口的外侧,属于远端沉积的产物。两者具有相同的矿物组合和成矿元素组合,自非层状矿体→层状矿体,矿石品位下降,Zn/Pb比值增高,黄铁矿相对含量增加。揭示出非层状矿体不是层状矿体后期改造的产物,而是形成于喷流作用阶段。考虑到锡铁山矿床中规模巨大的喷口系统以及厚层状的喷流成因大理岩,推断锡铁山矿床及周边地区还有巨大的找矿潜力,找矿重点是层状铅锌矿床(体)。     

湘西大脑坡超大型铅锌矿床黄铁矿原位微量元素研究

大脑坡铅锌矿床位于鄂西—湘西—黔东铅锌成矿域的中部,是近年来花垣矿田内新发现的又一超大型铅锌矿床。前人对花垣矿田内铅锌矿床的研究获得了较多的认识,但是关于区内铅锌矿床的成因类型一直备受争议。本文以大脑坡铅锌矿床不同标高的成矿期黄铁矿为研究对象,通过LA-ICP-MS原位点测试和元素Mapping分析,旨在揭示黄铁矿中不同微量元素的赋存状态以及为矿床成因提供新的约束。结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿所含微量元素种类较少且含量偏低,指示其形成于相对低温的环境,相较而言,黄铁矿较富集Co、Ni、As、Mn、Cu、Pb和Zn等元素,其中Co、As、Ni、Sb和Ge等元素主要是以类质同象的方式赋存于黄铁矿的晶格之中,大部分的Zn和Pb分别以闪锌矿微米级包裹体和方铅矿微/纳米级包裹体的形式赋存于黄铁矿中,而Cd、Mn和Cu、Ag则以类质同像的方式分别赋存于闪锌矿和方铅矿的晶格中。此外,黄铁矿的Co/Ni(均值1.0),Zn/Ni(均值42.0)和Cu/Ni(均值3.5)比值均指示其为热液型的黄铁矿。总体而言,大脑坡矿床黄铁矿微量元素特征可与典型MVT型铅锌矿床类比,在Co-Ni含量投影图上,样品点与MVT型矿床投影区高度吻合。结合矿床地质地球化学和黄铁矿微量元素特征,我们认为大脑坡矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。     

锡铁山铅锌矿床的找矿潜力与找矿方向

锡铁山大型铅锌矿床发育有完整的海相喷流沉积系统,包括喷流管道相、近喷口相和沉积相.其中,网脉状蚀变角砾岩带长＞2km、宽＞200m,代表喷流管通相;容矿大理岩长＞3km,宽＞1km,最大厚度＞200m,分布于网脉状蚀变岩的外侧,为喷流沉积岩;穿插于厚层块状大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体是未喷出海底的含矿热液充填、交代的产物,条带状结构的层状铅锌矿体属喷流沉积相.锡铁山矿床喷流管道系统规模巨大,其大规模的物质供给系统为国内外现已发现的SEDEX铅锌矿床中罕见.现已揭露的锡铁山矿床主体属于喷流沉积系统的中心和近喷口相部分,锡铁山地区还存在巨大规模的层状铅锌矿体(床)尚待发现,同时,在矿床东南方向深部的侧伏延深部位,还具有一定规模的赋存于厚层大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体.这些大规模层状铅锌矿体的找矿标志层可能不再是大理岩,主要围岩可能是富含炭质、钙质的沉积岩,如深灰-灰黑色的含炭方解石片岩、炭质片岩、方解石绢云片岩等.锡铁山东南部地区的滩涧山群相应赋存层位是大规模层状铅锌矿的主攻找矿方向.     

安徽铜陵新桥Cu-Au-S矿床黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及其对矿床成因的制约

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为研究对象,在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将矿床中的黄铁矿分为具有沉积特征的胶状黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、具有变形重结晶和热液叠加作用特征的细粒他形黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和具热液成因特征的中—粗粒自形黄铁矿(PyⅢ)3种类型。LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ中相对富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te;PyⅡ继承了PyⅠ中富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、Bi的特征,同时还含有不均匀分布的少量成矿元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag);PyⅢ中成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au以及Bi元素的含量较高,Co、Ni、As的含量较低。在元素赋存状态方面,Co、Ni、As、Se和Te均以类质同象的形式进入到了黄铁矿的晶格中;Bi在PyⅡ中主要以含Bi矿物的微细包裹体形式存在,而在PyⅢ中的Bi还部分取代了Fe而占据了晶格;Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag这些成矿元素中,Cu和Zn分别以黄铜矿和闪锌矿的矿物包裹体存在于黄铁矿中;PyⅡ中所含的少量Au、Ag,可能分别以自然金和自然银的形式存在,而在PyⅢ中Au可能主要以银金矿的形式存在,Ag除了以银金矿的形式存在以外还可能赋存于黄铁矿中含铋的矿物包裹体内;Pb主要赋存于黄铁矿中的方铅矿或含铋矿物的包裹体中。在综合分析黄铁矿的结构形态和微量元素组成特征的基础上认为,PyⅠ型黄铁矿可能形成于前人提出的晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ型黄铁矿分别形成于中生代区域构造变形-热液叠加改造的过渡环境和热液环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ的形成时间相近。新桥矿床的形成可能经历了晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积期和燕山期热液期,胶黄铁矿主要形成于沉积成矿期,而矿床中成矿物质Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等主要来自燕山期岩浆侵入作用形成的热液成矿系统。     

青海省锡铁山Sedex型铅锌矿床成矿流体来源及演化: 流体包裹体及同位素地球化学证据

锡铁山铅锌矿床产于青海省柴达木盆地北缘早古生代裂陷的中基性火山-沉积岩系中,是我国规模最大的铅锌矿床之一.流体包裹体的温度、盐度、气液相成分测试以及同位素组地球化学研究证明锡铁山矿床形成于喷流沉积系统.管道相成矿流体以深源为主,深源流体的CO_2等气相组分溢出及深源流体与海水的混合作用导致了成矿物质沉淀,层状矿体中石英岩是管道相向SE方向位移、喷流的结果,锡铁山铅锌矿床是VMS型与Sedex型系统的复合或过度.     

拉拉铜矿黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征及其成因意义

四川会理拉拉铜矿床是我国著名大型富铜矿床,针对该矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学分析表明:拉拉铜矿经历了早期火山喷发成岩成矿和晚期变质成岩成矿作用.条带状矿石中的黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中于4.92～79.2之间,落入火山成因黄铁矿区,稀土元素分布具有Eu正异常和轻稀土富集的特征,反映矿床具有伴随河口群火山喷流沉积成岩过程的同生沉积成矿作用.脉状矿石中的黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中于1.10～3.45,落在热液成因黄铁矿区,稀土元素较河口群岩石及其他典型块状硫化物矿床矿石稀土元素更加富集轻稀土元素,稀土含量变化范围更大,显著的负Eu异常,则又说明,矿床形成的主要成矿作用是伴随新元古代晋宁运动而发生的大规模的变质作用.     

锡铁山铅锌矿床网脉状蚀变管道相的识别与研究

锡铁山大型铅锌矿床属喷流沉积型,赋存于柴达木盆地北缘早古生代裂陷形成的滩涧山群火山-沉积岩中.矿床中产有非层状和层状两类矿体,其中非层状铅锌矿体呈不规则状产于大理岩中,是锡铁山矿床的主要矿体类型,层状铅锌矿体产于大理岩边部,规模较小.在矿床深部大理岩层上盘滩涧山群b岩组的绿泥石英片岩中,深部整合发育有强烈的钠长石化与硅化,主要呈角砾状和网脉状结构,构成网脉状蚀变带,主要成分包括石英钠长岩、蚀变的绿泥石英片岩以及硅化石英岩等,其连续长大于2 km,宽大于200 m,呈不规则岩筒状.石英钠长岩交代结构普遍,与绿泥石英片岩呈渐变接触关系,广泛发育热水爆破角砾.地质地球化学研究表明,网脉状蚀变岩并非侵入岩或火山岩,而是形成于热水交代作用,代表了喷流沉积系统的管道相,相当于矿体下部供给带.结合容矿大理岩及矿体研究发现,锡铁山矿床发育规模巨大的喷流沉积系统,包括长＞2 km的管道相、大规模的喷流沉积岩-大理岩,以及近喷口相未喷出海底地表的非层状矿体.现已发现的层状矿体与非层状矿体比例的倒置显示出锡铁山矿床仍然存在巨大的铅锌矿找矿潜力.网脉状蚀变带分布于矿体及大理岩的上盘,也表明锡铁山矿区容矿的滩涧山群a和b岩组产状整体发生了倒转,网脉状蚀变岩最初分布于铅锌矿体及大理岩之下.由于网脉状蚀变岩(石英钠长岩)与成矿系统的密切关系,它可作为柴达木盆地北缘滩涧山群中寻找铅锌矿的重要找矿标志.     

新疆尼勒克县松湖铁矿床黄铁矿的特征和微量元素地球化学

松湖铁矿床位于阿吾拉勒地区东部,矿体呈层状产在石炭系阿吾拉勒组火山岩-火山碎屑岩建造中。微量元素地球化学特征显示,松湖铁矿床赋矿围岩形成于岛弧构造环境。松湖铁矿床含有草莓黄铁矿、他形-半自形黄铁矿（含有大量黄铁矿化生物遗骸）和钴黄铁矿三种不同成因的黄铁矿。铁成矿前沉积成因草莓黄铁矿受成矿热液影响发生重结晶,其钴含量及Co/Ni比值明显增大。铁成矿期的他形-半自形黄铁矿和伴生的黄铁矿化生物遗骸具有相对较高的钴含量和Co/Ni比值,显示其成矿流体与火山活动有密切的成因联系,松湖铁矿床后期叠加了铜-钴矿化作用,形成了大量的黄铜矿和钴黄铁矿。钴黄铁矿的钴含量＞1%,Co/Ni比值＞26,显示该矿床铜、钴的富集过程与后期火山作用有关,该矿床是一个与火山岩有关的沉积型铁矿床,其形成温度为270~325℃。     

安徽青阳峙门口层状硫铁矿矿床地质特征及成因研究

青阳峙门口层状硫铁矿矿床赋存于石炭纪地层中,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状;尽管经历了热变质与接触变质作用,但矿体中仍残留胶黄铁矿和菱铁矿,矿石中不仅可以见到交代残余结构,还可见到草莓结构和微层理构造.黄铁矿中砷的质量分数和S/Se,Co/Ni比值显示火山热水沉积特征.同位素分析显示,矿石中硫化物的硫同位素组成表现出火山热水沉积和热液改造特征;矿石中铅同位素组成则显示,黄铁矿中铅以上地壳铅为主,混有少量地幔铅.上述研究表明峙门口层状硫铁矿矿床是由石炭纪喷流沉积形成的层状矿床或矿胚层,经燕山期岩浆热液和构造作用改造所形成.     

Ore Genesis for Stratiform Ore Bodies of the Dongfengnanshan Copper Polymetallic Deposit in the Yanbian Area, NE China：Constraints from LA-ICP-MS in situ Trace Elements and Sulfide S–Pb Isotopes

The Dongfengnanshan Cu polymetallic deposit is one representative deposit of the Tianbaoshan ore district in the Yanbian area, northeast(NE) China. There occur two types of ore bodies in this deposit, the stratiform ore bodies and veintype ones, controlled by the Early Permian strata and the Late Hercynian diorite intrusion, respectively. Due to the ambiguous genetic type of the stratiform ore bodies, there has been controversy on the relationship between them and veintype ore bodies. To determine the genetic type of stratiform ore bodies, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) in situ trace elements and S–Pb isotope analysis have been carried on the sulfides in the stratiform ore bodies. Compared with that in skarn, Mississippi Valley-type(MVT), and epithermal deposits, sphalerite samples in the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit are significantly enriched in Fe, Mn, and In, while depleted in Ga, Ge, and Cd, which is similar to the sphalerite in volcanic-associated massive sulfide(VMS) deposits. Co/Ni ratio of pyrrhotites in the stratiform ore bodies is similar to that in VMS-type deposits. The concentrations of Zn and Cd of chalcopyrites are similar to those of recrystallized VMS-type deposits. These characteristics also reflect the intermediate ore-forming temperature of the stratiform ore bodies in this deposit. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides are similar to those of VMS-type deposits, reflecting that sulfur originated from the Permian Miaoling Formation. Lead isotope compositions indicate mixed-source for lead. Moreover, the comparison of the Dongfengnanshan stratiform ore bodies with some VMStype deposits in China and abroad, on the trace elements and S–Pb isotope characteristics of the sulfides reveals that the stratiform ore bodies of the Dongfengnanshan deposit belong to the VMS-type, and have closely genetic relationship with the early Permian marine volcanic sedimentary rocks.     

江南造山带中段正冲金矿矿床成因:来自流体包裹体和黄铁矿微量元素的证据

江南造山带上产出有大量金矿,但其成因存在争议,为厘清其成因,对该造山带上的正冲金矿床中的黄铁矿进行了LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析和流体包裹体研究。结果显示,正冲金矿的流体包裹体有含CO2包裹体、富CO2包裹体和水溶液包裹体,其中富CO2包裹体与水溶液包裹体共存,具有相似的均一温度,但盐度不同,说明流体不混溶可能导致了金的沉淀;正冲金矿不同阶段黄铁矿中的Au与As、Ag、Zn等有协同变化趋势,而Co/Ni<1,说明含金黄铁矿来源于沉积岩。将正冲金矿黄铁矿的微量元素特征与沉积、变质、浅成低温热液环境中形成的黄铁矿的微量元素特征进行对比,发现其与变质低温热液形成的黄铁矿相似,认为其为变质热液成因。研究认为,正冲金矿是一个典型的造山型金矿,其成矿流体为变质流体。     

Partial least squares-discriminant analysis of trace element compositions of magnetite from various VMS deposit subtypes: Application to mineral exploration

The petrography and mineral chemistry of magnetite from fifteen volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in Canada, and the Lasail VMS deposit in Oman, as well as from two VMS-associated banded iron formations (BIF), Austin Brook (New Brunswick, Canada) and Izok Lake (Nunavut, Canada), were investigated using optical microscopy, electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The method of robust estimation for compositional data (robCompositions) was applied to investigate geochemical censored data. Among thirty-seven elements analyzed by EPMA and/or LA-ICP-MS in magnetite from the studied deposits/bedrock lithologies, only the results for Si, Ca, Zr, Al, Mg, Ti, Zn, Co and Ni contain < 40% censored values, and thus could be imputed using robCompositions. Imputed censored data were transformed using centered log-ratios to overcome the closure effect on compositional data. Transformed data were classified by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to identify different compositional characteristics of magnetite from VMS deposits and BIFs. The integration of petrography and mineral chemistry identifies three types of magnetite in VMS settings: magmatic, hydrothermal, and metamorphic. Magmatic magnetite in VMS deposit host bedrocks is characterized by ilmenite exsolution and may be overprinted by metamorphism. Some VMS deposits contain hydrothermal magnetite, which is intergrown with sulfides, and shows a metamorphic overprint as it is partly replaced by common metamorphic minerals including chlorite, sericite, anthophyllite, and/or actinolite, whereas the majority of the deposits are characterized by metamorphic magnetite formed by replacing pre-existing sulfides and/or silicates, and is intergrown with metamorphic minerals. Among VMS deposits of the Noranda mining district, the West Ansil deposit is characterized by hydrothermal-metamorphic magnetite zoned by inclusion-free cores and Si- and Mg-rich rims. Magnetite from the studied VMS-associated BIFs is also metamorphic in origin. Aluminum, Ti and Zn contents of magnetite can separate BIF from the other mineralized and un-mineralized bedrock lithologies in the studied VMS settings.PLS-DA shows that variable compositions of magnetite slightly discriminate different studied deposits/bedrock lithologies. The geochemical observations suggest that the variation in magnetite chemistry from different VMS settings might be sourced from differences in: 1) the composition and temperature of parental magmas or hydrothermal fluids, 2) the composition of host bedrocks, 3) the composition of co-forming minerals, and 4) oxygen fugacity. PLS-DA distinguishes magnetite compositions from the studied VMS deposits and BIFs from that of the other ore deposit types including Ni–Cu, porphyry Cu-Mo-Au, iron oxide-copper- gold, iron oxide-apatite, and the Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb deposit. Magnetite from the VMS settings on average contains lower concentrations of Si, Zr, Al, Mg, Ti, Zn, Co and Ni relative to that from the other mineral deposit types. PLS-DA of magnetite data from VMS deposits and BIFs of the Bathurst mining camp as well as PLS-DA of magnetite compositions from various mineral deposit types yield discrimination models for application to mineral exploration for VMS deposits using indicator minerals in Quaternary lithified sedimentary rocks.     

Mineralogy,microchemistry and fluid inclusion studies of the Besshi-type Nudeh Cu-Zn VMS deposit,Iran

The southwestern Sabzevar basin is the north of Central Iranian Microcontinent hosts abundant mineral deposits, including exhalative Mn mineralization and Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Amongst them, the Nudeh Besshi-type Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is hosted within the lower part of a Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence composed of alkali olivine basalt flows and tuffaceous silty sandstone. Based on investigations into the ore geometry, mineralogy, and texture, we recognized three different ore facies: (1) a stockwork of sulfide-bearing quartz veins cutting across the footwall volcano-sedimentary rocks and representing the stringer zone; (2) a massive ore type, displaying replacement texture with pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, friedrichite, and minor magnetite; and (3) a bedded ore type, with laminated to disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. EPMA studies indicate a distinctive minor element distribution between the different ore types of the Nudeh deposit. The Fe content in the sphalerite ranges from 0.65–1.80?wt.%, indicating the Fe-poor nature of the sphalerite. However, the Cd content in sphalerite ranged between 0.164–0.278?wt.%. According to the mineral compositions, Zn, Se, and Ag are found in bornite as minor elements. In the bedded ore facies, the pyrite contains higher levels of Se (up to 0.35?wt.%). The Zn content in the friedrichite in all of the ore samples is low. The Co/Ni ratios in pyrite from the Nudeh ore are lower than those of most magmatic deposits, but are similar to those from volcanogenic deposits, and hence support the proposed hydrothermal origin of the deposit. Two generations of quartz, Q1 and Q2 in the stockwork veins, contain primary fluid inclusions and these contain two phases (liquid and vapor). The lack of vapor-rich inclusions or variable liquid/vapor ratios indicate that the fluids did not boil at the site of trapping. Salinity for both Q1 and Q2 fluid inclusions ranges between 2.2–6.8?wt.% eq. NaCl. Homogenization temperatures for inclusions in the Q1 and Q2 veins average at about 296?°C and are similar to the temperatures of hydrothermal fluids discharged through vents in many modern seafloor VMS deposit. The Nudeh Besshi-type VMS deposit appears to have formed on the seafloor and based on the salinity and temperature constraints from the underlying stockwork, a buoyancy plume model is proposed as a mechanism for precipitation.     

茅坪钨锡矿床基本地质特征

江西茅坪钨锡矿床是由钨锡似层状云英岩型、钨钼石英脉型、钨锡硫化物脉型矿体组成的大型钨锡多金属矿床.成矿岩体是侵位于寒武系的燕山早期地壳重熔型花岗岩.矿化、蚀变具明显分带特征,矿带中矿物组合、成矿元素、矿物包裹体、氧同位素、稀土元素等特征均有明显的演化规律.     

穆家庄铜矿床矿物组构及成因浅析

穆家在铜矿床矿体呈层状,似层状沿构造破碎带产出,矿物组物显示了同生沉积和改造特征,流体包裹体为高盐度的热卤水,矿石及围岩氧,碳同位素具同一来源,矿床成因属变质和构造改造的热水喷流沉积类型。     

山西五台金岗库矿床成矿作用研究

金岗库矿床位于华北克拉通中部造山带,具有典型的VMS与BIF共生特征。本文对金岗库矿床的地质与地球化学特征进行系统研究,探讨金岗库硫化物矿石与磁铁石英岩的共生特点与成矿动力学模式。研究表明,硫化物矿体受地层及岩性控制,多呈扁豆、层状—似层状赋存于五台绿岩带金岗库组的磁铁石英岩、斜长角闪岩、斜长片岩和云母石英片岩中。矿石中金属矿物组合为黄铁矿—黄铜矿—磁黄铁矿—磁铁矿,矿石主要呈半自形—他形粒状结构和块状、条带状构造,围岩蚀变为绿泥石化和绢云母化。斜长角闪岩的原岩恢复,表明斜长角闪岩的原岩为拉斑玄武岩,可能形成于岛弧环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示变基性火山岩的原岩形成于2 500 Ma,代表了金岗库矿床的成矿年龄。变质流体体系的成分模式为H2O-NaCl-CO2-CH4±N2±H2,变质峰期为中高温(322℃~473℃)、低盐度(2.2%~6.74%)的热液流体,并叠加少量中高温(290℃~470℃)、高盐度(37.4%~55.79%)的岩浆热液流体;峰后阶段为中低温(225℃~302℃)、中低盐度(4.03%~11.81%)的热液流体。金岗库矿床赋存的磁铁石英岩和硫化物矿体紧密共生,具有相同的成矿时代、物质来源和变质变形历史。综合以上研究认为金岗库矿床的成因类型为海相火山喷流沉积—变质热液流体叠加改造型。     

矿精粉中关键金属元素赋存状态研究方法流程的建立:以长江中下游成矿带富钴硫矿精粉为例

长江中下游成矿带作为我国矿床学研究程度和矿产利用技术水平最高的成矿带之一,大部分矿床中除了主要成矿元素铜、金、铁和硫等,还伴生潜在可利用的关键金属资源镉、钴、硒、碲和铼等。由于目前矿山主要选矿回收铜、铁、硫、铅、锌、金和银等主要矿种,在不改变选矿工艺的条件下,矿山产品矿精粉中关键金属的分布特征和可利用性是当前关键金属资源利用的核心问题之一。本文对成矿带内玢岩型铁矿床、矽卡岩型铁矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜矿床、矽卡岩型铜金矿床、斑岩型铜金矿床和角砾岩筒型铜金矿床等六类矿床的矿山产品(铜金粉、硫精粉、铁精粉和金精粉)进行了系统化学成分分析,发现目前的矿山产品中关键金属元素含量普遍不高,但矽卡岩型铁矿床中的龙桥铁矿床硫精粉中富集钴,具有综合回收利用钴资源的潜力。在此基础上,本次工作利用综合矿物分析技术(TIMA),扫描电镜(SEM)和激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)三种测试方法,系统开展了富钴硫精粉中钴的赋存状态研究。结果表明,龙桥硫精粉中钴矿物为辉砷钴矿、铁硫砷钴矿和硫铜钴矿,分别占硫精粉中总钴含量的9.93%、0.64%和0.01%。黄铁矿晶格中类质同象形式产出的钴占总量的81.97%,此外还有7.46%的钴赋存在其他矿物中。通过对比研究,初步建立了矿精粉中关键金属元素赋存状态的研究方法流程,为矿精粉中钴的回收利用提供了依据。