锡铁山铅锌矿床的找矿潜力与找矿方向

锡铁山大型铅锌矿床发育有完整的海相喷流沉积系统,包括喷流管道相、近喷口相和沉积相.其中,网脉状蚀变角砾岩带长＞2km、宽＞200m,代表喷流管通相;容矿大理岩长＞3km,宽＞1km,最大厚度＞200m,分布于网脉状蚀变岩的外侧,为喷流沉积岩;穿插于厚层块状大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体是未喷出海底的含矿热液充填、交代的产物,条带状结构的层状铅锌矿体属喷流沉积相.锡铁山矿床喷流管道系统规模巨大,其大规模的物质供给系统为国内外现已发现的SEDEX铅锌矿床中罕见.现已揭露的锡铁山矿床主体属于喷流沉积系统的中心和近喷口相部分,锡铁山地区还存在巨大规模的层状铅锌矿体(床)尚待发现,同时,在矿床东南方向深部的侧伏延深部位,还具有一定规模的赋存于厚层大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体.这些大规模层状铅锌矿体的找矿标志层可能不再是大理岩,主要围岩可能是富含炭质、钙质的沉积岩,如深灰-灰黑色的含炭方解石片岩、炭质片岩、方解石绢云片岩等.锡铁山东南部地区的滩涧山群相应赋存层位是大规模层状铅锌矿的主攻找矿方向.     

锡铁山铅锌矿床网脉状蚀变管道相的识别与研究

锡铁山大型铅锌矿床属喷流沉积型,赋存于柴达木盆地北缘早古生代裂陷形成的滩涧山群火山-沉积岩中.矿床中产有非层状和层状两类矿体,其中非层状铅锌矿体呈不规则状产于大理岩中,是锡铁山矿床的主要矿体类型,层状铅锌矿体产于大理岩边部,规模较小.在矿床深部大理岩层上盘滩涧山群b岩组的绿泥石英片岩中,深部整合发育有强烈的钠长石化与硅化,主要呈角砾状和网脉状结构,构成网脉状蚀变带,主要成分包括石英钠长岩、蚀变的绿泥石英片岩以及硅化石英岩等,其连续长大于2 km,宽大于200 m,呈不规则岩筒状.石英钠长岩交代结构普遍,与绿泥石英片岩呈渐变接触关系,广泛发育热水爆破角砾.地质地球化学研究表明,网脉状蚀变岩并非侵入岩或火山岩,而是形成于热水交代作用,代表了喷流沉积系统的管道相,相当于矿体下部供给带.结合容矿大理岩及矿体研究发现,锡铁山矿床发育规模巨大的喷流沉积系统,包括长＞2 km的管道相、大规模的喷流沉积岩-大理岩,以及近喷口相未喷出海底地表的非层状矿体.现已发现的层状矿体与非层状矿体比例的倒置显示出锡铁山矿床仍然存在巨大的铅锌矿找矿潜力.网脉状蚀变带分布于矿体及大理岩的上盘,也表明锡铁山矿区容矿的滩涧山群a和b岩组产状整体发生了倒转,网脉状蚀变岩最初分布于铅锌矿体及大理岩之下.由于网脉状蚀变岩(石英钠长岩)与成矿系统的密切关系,它可作为柴达木盆地北缘滩涧山群中寻找铅锌矿的重要找矿标志.     

青海锡铁山铅锌矿床喷流沉积系统(SEDEX)成矿流体研究

锡铁山铅锌矿床位于青海省海西州大柴旦镇,是我国著名的大型喷流沉积铅锌矿床。最新的研究认为锡铁山矿床发育有完整的巨大的喷流沉积系统。本文的成矿流体初步研究表明,代表喷流管道相的网脉状蚀变岩的温度、盐度范围非常宽,多期次的流体活动强烈,具有喷流系统管道相的明显特征。代表近喷口相的产于厚层状大理岩中的非层状铅锌矿体旁侧的碳酸盐中包裹体个体大,温度高,亦有明显的形成于未喷出海底的中-高温热液活动特征。碳酸盐(大理岩)与网脉状蚀变岩有相同的H₂O-NaCl-CO₂流体类型,温度稍低,流体从管道相流向非层状矿体,具有继承性。层状矿体流体的均一温度及冷冻温度范围与非层状矿体基本相同,但缺少大气液比包裹体,缺少含子矿物包裹体及流体中的CO₂组分,均一温度略有降低。分析认为层状矿体的流体与非层状矿体有一定的继承性,可能来自喷流沉积系统的喷出海底的向东南方向延伸的喷流管道。     

锡铁山SEDEX铅锌矿床成矿物质来源研究——铅同位素地球化学证据

青海锡铁山超大型铅锌矿床产于柴达木盆地北缘早古生代造山带中,发育一套完整的喷流沉积系统,包括管道相、近喷口相与远喷口相以及喷流沉积岩等。对不同对象中硫化物系统的铅同位素测定研究表明,锡铁山矿床铅同位素组成总体较集中,可细分为两组,均呈线性分布:大部分的样品,包括非层状矿、网脉状石英钠长岩、代表供给系统的脉体、基性岩等,以及绝大部分的层状矿体,组成一组,线性回归方程为(207Pb/204Pb)=1.254(206Pb/204Pb)-7.296,相关系数0.997。分布于铅锌矿体及大理岩上盘的含浸染状黄铁矿化的炭质片岩、一个层状矿体样品组成一组,线性回归方程为(207Pb/204Pb)=0.123(206Pb/204Pb)+13.347,相关系数0.902。两条直线交点的同位素组成为206Pb/204Pb=18.253,207Pb/204Pb=15.590,208Pb/204Pb=38.370。结合成矿模型的研究认为,矿床的铅同位素具有造山带与上地壳混合来源的特点,显示喷流成矿过程中铅及成矿金属物质主要由喷流卤水提供,少量物质来自海水;在喷流系统的远端或喷流活动的间歇期,前寒武纪变质岩也可能提供了少量物质。而层状矿体与非层状矿体经历了相同的演化历史,均形成于喷流沉积过程中,非层状矿体属未喷出海底的热液矿体,而不是后期改造的结果。断层沟地区的矿化是后期改造重新定位的,铅同位素组成在改造过程中得到进一步的均一化。     

锡铁山喷流沉积矿床卤水与海水的相互作用

锡铁山大型铅锌矿床发育有完好的喷流沉积系统,赋矿地层产状倒转。与成矿关系密切的大理岩延长约2km,延深约1km,往深部厚度增大,至代表管道相的网脉状蚀变岩,厚度迅速减薄、尖灭。角砾状非层状铅锌矿体赋存于紧邻网脉状蚀变岩的厚层状大理岩中,条带状层状矿体赋存于外侧条带状大理岩的下盘。对锡铁山矿床两条典型剖面系统的地质地球化学研究表明,近喷口相大理岩与远离喷口相大理岩相比,具有相似的变化规律。以反映远端沉积的剖面为例,自下往上,条带状矿体条带状大理岩块状大理岩,Al2O3、Fe2O3、Sr、B、Tl以及MgO/(CaO MgO)、Na2O/(Na2O K2O)比值等逐渐降低,Sr/Rb、Sr/Ba比值等迅速降低,REE总量降低,分异增强,Eu异常减弱,Ce负异常更加明显;δ18OSMOW=10.1‰～12.5‰,向上增高,δ13CV-PDB=-0.9‰～0.2‰;大理岩87Sr/86Sr=0.7113～0.7148,低于矿石方解石的0.7146～0.7147,高于同时期的正常海相灰岩。综合这些地质地球化学特征,锡铁山矿床的容矿大理岩明显不同于正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩,而是介于喷流卤水与海水特征之间,上部的大理岩中有更多的海水参与。以Sr同位素数据计算出本区大理岩来自海水的组分约占1/3,来自卤水的组分约占2/3,大理岩总体上仍主要分布于喷口附近,更多地受到卤水的影响。通过大理岩的地质地球化学研究揭示出,矿床中发育有两条同生断层,一条沿以网脉状蚀变带代表的管道相分布,另一条分布于25线附近,共同制约着大理岩与成矿物质的堆积。锡铁山矿床可能存在着规模巨大的层状矿体,其分布范围可能超越一直作为重要找矿评价标志的大理岩。     

浅析锡铁山铅锌矿成矿规律及找矿方向

文章对锡铁山铅锌矿床的地质背景、矿带划分、矿体特征、时间分布、共生组合规律和成矿物质来源进行了归纳总结,分析认为锡铁山矿床类型为喷流沉积(SEDEX)——改造型,并在成矿规律分析、物化异常特征的基础上建立了矿床成矿模式,为下一步找矿勘查工作提供了一定的指导。     

青海省锡铁山Sedex型铅锌矿床成矿流体来源及演化: 流体包裹体及同位素地球化学证据

锡铁山铅锌矿床产于青海省柴达木盆地北缘早古生代裂陷的中基性火山-沉积岩系中,是我国规模最大的铅锌矿床之一.流体包裹体的温度、盐度、气液相成分测试以及同位素组地球化学研究证明锡铁山矿床形成于喷流沉积系统.管道相成矿流体以深源为主,深源流体的CO_2等气相组分溢出及深源流体与海水的混合作用导致了成矿物质沉淀,层状矿体中石英岩是管道相向SE方向位移、喷流的结果,锡铁山铅锌矿床是VMS型与Sedex型系统的复合或过度.     

青海锡铁山铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学研究——深源与海水硫的混合

锡铁山铅锌矿床发育较为完整的喷流沉积系统,包括管道相、近喷口相、远端沉积相及各种喷流沉积岩,并有后期改造作用形成的脉状铅锌矿体。本文通过喷流沉积系统各部位硫化物硫同位素的分析,不同部位硫化物硫同位素组成不同,且规律性变化。以黄铁矿分析结果为例,网脉状石英钠长岩δ34S=+0.8‰,代表供给系统的硫化物脉2.95‰,非层状矿体4.48‰,层状矿体3.25‰,炭质片岩为+6.26‰,后期改造型铅锌矿脉为+2.93‰。代表管道相的网脉状石英钠长岩黄铁矿具有深源(幔源)的硫同位素组成,而矿体或大理岩上盘炭质片岩具有海水硫来源的特点。矿体的硫介于二者之间,更靠近炭质片岩的硫化物同位素组成,其来源可能更多受海水硫酸盐的制约,即锡铁山矿床硫具有混合来源性质,主要是海水硫酸盐的还原,部分来源于深部卤水的供给。硫的还原方式以生物细菌还原为主。层状矿体中硫同位素组成由早至晚δ34S逐渐降低,表明层状矿体成矿作用过程中,发生了生物成因的H2S的大量加入。     

西成地区碳酸盐岩REE特征及厂坝矿床白云岩成因

甘肃西成地区喷流沉积(SEDEX)铅锌矿床中广泛发育有碳酸盐岩,大量的稀土元素分析发现这些碳酸盐岩与铅锌矿石显示出不同的稀土元素地球化学特征。研究表明,铅锌矿层下部的生物碎屑灰岩和礁灰岩、厚层块状灰岩具有较明显的负Ce异常和负Eu异常,是正常海相沉积物,但在层状铅锌矿体附近的一些碳酸盐岩具有正的Eu异常,表明有海底喷流热水的参与,海水与喷流热水共同影响了碳酸盐岩的沉积,随着矿化程度的增高,岩(矿)石中δEu〔Eu×2/(Sm+Gd)N〕值也随之增大。厂坝_李家沟矿床矿体附近的厚层白云岩(石)是喷流热水与海水相互作用的产物,且受喷流热水的影响较大,多分布于喷口附近。     

青海锡铁山铅锌矿床的矿体成因类型讨论

在青海锡铁山大型铅锌矿床中,奥陶系滩涧山群3个不同层位（O3tn^b组片岩、O2tn^b组片岩与大理岩过渡带、O3tn^a-2组片岩）同时发育层状矿体和脉状矿体,大理岩中还发育不规则囊状矿体。通过对上述不同层位、不同类型矿体的分布特征、产状、矿石结构和构造的详细观察和研究发现．3个层位的层状矿体均是SEDEX型海底喷流沉积作用的结果。O3tn^b组片岩及其与大理岩过渡带中的层状矿体属近源（proximal）产物．与之伴生的脉状矿体则属该层状矿体的喷流沉积补给带;O3tn^a-2组片岩中的层状矿体属远源（distal）沉积,而大理岩中的不规则囊状矿体则是造山后深部流体活化围岩或再活化早期层状矿体中的成矿物质．并强烈交代大理岩的产物：北侧O3tn^a-2组片岩中的脉状矿体也为造山后流体叠加的产物,可能是大理岩中不规则囊状矿体的导矿通道。     

Geology,ore facies and sulphur isotopes of the Koushk vent-proximal sedimentary-exhalative deposit,Posht-e-Badam Block,Central Iran

The Koushk zinc–lead deposit in the central part of the Zarigan–Chahmir basin, central Iran, is the largest of several sedimentary–exhalative (SEDEX) deposits in this basin, including the Chahmir, Zarigan, and Darreh-Dehu deposits. The host-rock sequence consists of carbonaceous, fine-grained black siltstone with interlayered rhyolitic tuffs. It corresponds to the upper part of the Lower Cambrian volcano-sedimentary sequence that was deposited on the Posht-e-Badam Block due to back-arc rifting of the continental margin of the Central Iranian Microcontinent. This block includes the late Neoproterozoic metamorphic basement of the Iran plate, overlain by rocks dating from the Early Cambrian to the Mesozoic. Based on ore body structure, mineralogy, and ore fabric, we recognize four different ore facies in the Koushk deposit: (1) a stockwork/feeder zone, consisting of a discordant mineralization of sulphides forming a stockwork of sulphide-bearing dolomite (quartz) veins cutting the footwall sedimentary rocks; (2) a massive ore/vent complex, consisting of massive replacement pyrite, galena, and sphalerite with minor arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite; (3) bedded ore, with laminated to disseminated pyrite, sphalerite, and galena; and (4) a distal facies, with minor disseminated and laminated pyrite, banded cherts, and disseminated barite. Carbonatization and sericitization are the main wall-rock alterations; alteration intensity increases towards the feeder zone. The δ³⁴S composition of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena ranges from?+6.5 to?+36.7‰. The highest δ³⁴S values correspond to bedded ore (+23.8 to?+36.7‰) and the lowest to massive ore (+6.5 to?+?17.8‰). The overall range of δ³⁴S is remarkably higher than typical magmatic values, suggesting that sulphides formed from the reduction of seawater sulphate by bacteriogenic sulphate reduction in a closed or semi-closed system in the bedded ore, whereas thermochemical sulphate reduction likely played an important role in the feeder zone. Sulphur isotopes, along with sedimentological, textural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidences, suggest that this deposit should be classified as a vent-proximal SEDEX ore deposit.     

The early Cambrian Chahmir shale-hosted Zn–Pb deposit,Central Iran: an example of vent-proximal SEDEX mineralization

The Chahmir zinc–lead deposit (1.5 Mt @ 6 % Zn + 2 % Pb) in Central Iran is one among several sedimentary-exhalative Zn–Pb deposits in the Early Cambrian Zarigan–Chahmir basin (e.g., Koushk, Darreh-Dehu, and Zarigan). The deposit is hosted by carbonaceous, fine-grained black siltstones, and shales interlayered with volcaniclastic sandstone beds. It corresponds to the upper part of the Early Cambrian volcano-sedimentary sequence (ECVSS), which was deposited on the Posht-e-Badam Block during back-arc rifting of the continental margin of Central Iran. Based on crosscutting relationships, mineralogy, and texture of sulfide mineralization, four different facies can be distinguished: stockwork (feeder zone), massive ore, bedded ore, and distal facies (exhalites with barite). Silicification, carbonatization, sericitization, and chloritization are the main wall-rock alteration styles; alteration intensity increases toward the proximal feeder zone. Fluid inclusion microthermometry was carried out on quartz associated with sulfides of the massive ore. Homogenization temperatures are in the range of 170–226 °C, and salinity is around 9 wt% NaCl eq. The size distribution of pyrite framboids of the bedded ore facies suggests anoxic to locally suboxic event for the host basin. δ³⁴S_(V-CDT) values of pyrite, sphalerite, and galena range from +10.9 to +29.8?‰. The highest δ³⁴S values correspond to the bedded ore (+28.6 to +29.8?‰), and the lowest to the massive ore (+10.9 to +14.7?‰) and the feeder zone (+11.3 and +12.1?‰). The overall range of δ³⁴S is consistent with a sedimentary environment where sulfide sulfur was derived from two sources. One of them was corresponding to early ore-stage sulfides in bedded ore and distal facies, consistent with bacterial reduction from coeval seawater sulfate in a closed or semiclosed basin. However, the δ³⁴S values of late ore-stage sulfides, observed mainly in massive ore, interpreted as a hydrothermal sulfur component, leached from the lower part of the ECVSS. Sulfur isotopes, along with the sedimentological, textural, mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and geochemical characteristics of the Chahmir deposit are in agreement with a vent-proximal (Selwyn type) SEDEX ore deposit model.     

冀北银矿床类型、矿床地质地球化学、地史-演化模式及找矿方向

对冀北１７个银矿床地质调查和５个大一中型银矿床地质、地球化学剖析研究基础上,从银矿床产出的区域地质、矿床地质、控制地质条件、围岩蚀变、矿石类型、成矿机理、成矿时代和成矿物质演化上,确定了冀北银矿床有３个成矿系列,８种矿床类型。提出牛圈子为火山喷气－热泉型银矿床;蔡家营为古喷气－热水沉积变质－热液叠加型铅锌银矿床;银冶岭为层控－热液叠加型铅锌银矿床的新认识,建立了冀北银矿床成矿模式和地史演化的区域成     

Mineralogy,microchemistry and fluid inclusion studies of the Besshi-type Nudeh Cu-Zn VMS deposit,Iran

The southwestern Sabzevar basin is the north of Central Iranian Microcontinent hosts abundant mineral deposits, including exhalative Mn mineralization and Cu-Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Amongst them, the Nudeh Besshi-type Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is hosted within the lower part of a Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence composed of alkali olivine basalt flows and tuffaceous silty sandstone. Based on investigations into the ore geometry, mineralogy, and texture, we recognized three different ore facies: (1) a stockwork of sulfide-bearing quartz veins cutting across the footwall volcano-sedimentary rocks and representing the stringer zone; (2) a massive ore type, displaying replacement texture with pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, friedrichite, and minor magnetite; and (3) a bedded ore type, with laminated to disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. EPMA studies indicate a distinctive minor element distribution between the different ore types of the Nudeh deposit. The Fe content in the sphalerite ranges from 0.65–1.80?wt.%, indicating the Fe-poor nature of the sphalerite. However, the Cd content in sphalerite ranged between 0.164–0.278?wt.%. According to the mineral compositions, Zn, Se, and Ag are found in bornite as minor elements. In the bedded ore facies, the pyrite contains higher levels of Se (up to 0.35?wt.%). The Zn content in the friedrichite in all of the ore samples is low. The Co/Ni ratios in pyrite from the Nudeh ore are lower than those of most magmatic deposits, but are similar to those from volcanogenic deposits, and hence support the proposed hydrothermal origin of the deposit. Two generations of quartz, Q1 and Q2 in the stockwork veins, contain primary fluid inclusions and these contain two phases (liquid and vapor). The lack of vapor-rich inclusions or variable liquid/vapor ratios indicate that the fluids did not boil at the site of trapping. Salinity for both Q1 and Q2 fluid inclusions ranges between 2.2–6.8?wt.% eq. NaCl. Homogenization temperatures for inclusions in the Q1 and Q2 veins average at about 296?°C and are similar to the temperatures of hydrothermal fluids discharged through vents in many modern seafloor VMS deposit. The Nudeh Besshi-type VMS deposit appears to have formed on the seafloor and based on the salinity and temperature constraints from the underlying stockwork, a buoyancy plume model is proposed as a mechanism for precipitation.     

A Preliminary Study on Fluid Inclusions and Mineralization of Xitieshan Sedimentary-Exhalative (SEDEX) Lead-Zinc Deposit

The Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit is located at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, China, and had developed a complete marine sedimentary-exhalative system. Our preliminary study of ore-forming fluids shows that fluid inclusions in quartz from altered stockwork rocks that represent the pipe facies have a wide range of temperature and salinity. The intense fluid activities are characteristics of the pipe facies of the exhalative system. Fluid inclusions in carbonates near the unstratified ore bodies hosted in the thick-bedded marble which represents vent-proximal facies are large in size and have moderate to high temperatures. They represent unerupted sub-seafloor fluid activity. Fluids in altered stockwork rocks and carbonates have similar H2O-NaCl-CO2 system, both belonging to the sedimentary-exhalative system. The fluids migrate from the pipe facies to the unstratified ore bodies. Boiling of the fluids causes the separation of CO2 vapor and liquid H2O. When the fluids migrate into the unconsolidated thick-bedded marble, the escape of CO2, decreasing temperature and pressure as well as some involvement of seawater into the fluids result in the unmixing of fluids with high and low salinity and deposition of ore-forming materials. The two unmixed fluids were trapped in unconsolidated carbonates and the ore-forming materials were deposited in the unconsolidated carbonates to form the sedimentary-exhalative type unstratified ore bodies. The ore-forming temperature of unstratified ore bodies is up to high temperature indicating that there is a huge ore-forming potential in its deep.     

Numerical investigation of salinity in controlling ore-forming fluid transport in sedimentary basins: example of the HYC deposit, Northern Australia

This paper presents the first hydrogeological model that fully couples transient fluid flow, heat and solute transport associated with the formation of the HYC SEDEX deposit in the McArthur Basin, northern Australia. Numerical results reveal that salinity plays an important role in controlling hydrothermal fluid migration. In particular, it appears that it is the distribution of evaporitic units within a given basin, rather than their absolute abundance, that controls the development of free convection. Relatively saline conditions at the seafloor strengthen the thermally-induced buoyancy force and hence promote free convection of basinal solutions; whereas high salinities at the bottom counteract the thermal function of natural geothermal gradient and suppress the development of convective hydrothermal fluid circulation. In the latter case, higher thermal gradients are required to initiate substantial free convective fluid flow.Numerical experiments also suggest the position of an ore body with respect to its vent system may be controlled by the spatial and temporal salinity distributions in the basin. Vent-distal ore formation, a result of exhalation of brines that are denser than seawater and hence can flow away from the vent region, is promoted by moderate salinity at the seafloor and higher salinity in the aquifer. Vent-proximal ore accumulation, a result of pluming upon exhalation of brines less dense than seawater, is favored by the highest salinity conditions occurring near the level of the seafloor.Editorial Handling: G. Beaudoin     

甘肃代家庄铅锌矿的地质特征与找矿意义

位于甘肃宕昌县的代家庄矿床曾被认为是西成矿田铅锌找矿的重大进展,矿床产于秦岭西成盆地西北端泥盆系浅海相的富含生物化石的细碎屑岩—灰岩中。矿体不规则受NW向断裂的控制,呈角砾状分布于下部碎屑岩与上部厚层灰岩界面附近灰岩一侧。矿石的矿物共生组合为闪锌矿 方铅矿 少量黄铁矿 少量白铁矿 方解石,不含石英。硫化物发育大量的胶状、球粒状、草霉状微晶结构,部分显现出微生物化石结构特点。对代家庄与西成主要类型铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征的对比发现,二者在容矿围岩沉积环境、矿石形态、结构构造以及同位素地球化学等多方面存在明显的差异,代家庄矿床成因属于碳酸盐岩容矿的低温热液矿床,不同于西成矿田的主要SEDEX类型。主要控矿因素为灰岩—碎屑界面附近、NW向断裂等。     

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.