扬子西缘东川落雪地区元古宙地层中3890 Ma锆石的发现

利用LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测定技术,在扬子西缘滇中东川地区古元古界阿不都组流纹质玻屑熔结凝灰岩中发现了1颗冥古宙锆石,锆石具有明显的核-幔-边结构,其核部的207 Pb/206 Pb年龄为3890±47 Ma,此年龄被解释为岩浆结晶,Th/U比值为0.34;变质边的207 Pb/206 Pb年龄为3561±45～3616±55 Ma,Th/U比值为0.07～0.19.锆石的原位Hf同位素测定给出了176 Hf/177 Hf=0.280317～0.280451,εHf(t)=-4.6～0.6(平均值为-2.5),TDM1=3861～3980 Ma,TDM2=4036～4106 Ma(平均值为4059 Ma).这颗锆石为扬子陆块目前发现的最老锆石,其Hf同位素及微量元素特征说明扬子陆块存在4.0 Ga的地壳增生作用及古老陆壳的再循环;结合前人同位素研究资料,说明扬子西缘东川落雪地区元古宙时同华北陆块可能具有亲缘性;本次的发现,为扬子陆块寻找冥古宙和始太古代物质实体提供重要依据,也为认识地球早期大陆演化过程提供了重要新信息.     

苏鲁造山带荣成超高压地体片麻岩锆石年龄和铪同位素组成特征

本文对苏鲁造山带内荣成超高压地体片麻岩样品进行了锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素分析,旨于探讨片麻岩的原岩性质及成因。3个片麻岩样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄(770Ma和710Ma之间)表明原岩形成于晚元古代,与Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的岩浆活动时间相吻合。14个片麻岩的单阶段钕模式年龄变化在1.70Ga至2.30Ga(平均～1.93Ga),表明荣成超高压地体片麻岩平均地壳存留时间为古元古代,与扬子陆块的平均地壳形成年龄相一致,暗示具有扬子陆块属性。其锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(t=750Ma)和模式年龄值变化范围大。2个片麻岩的锆石具有非常负的ε_(Hf)(t),平均值为-16.4,铪模式年龄为2.70Ga。6个片麻岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)平均值为-7.7,铪模式年龄为2.15Ga。这些结果表明荣成超高压地体部分原岩主要由太古代-古元古代地壳物质在晚元古代时重熔形成的,进一步说明荣成地区可能有扬子陆块的太古代地壳残留。另有6个片麻岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)变化范围为-0.56至6.6之间,其中部分锆石的两阶段Hf模式年龄为0.81Ga至0.94Ga,表明片麻岩原岩晚元古代形成时,有幔源岩浆活动和新生地壳形成,可能同时存在强烈壳-幔相互作用,上侵的幔源岩浆底侵导致上覆扬子陆块太古代-古元古代地壳物质重熔,形成花岗质岩浆。     

大别地体超高压变质岩石锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究

对大别山南部超高压变质带双河和黄镇地区的榴辉岩、片麻岩和硬玉石英岩中变质锆石进行了原位LA-MC-ICP- MS的Lu-Hf同位素分析。双河和黄镇的榴辉岩及双河的硬玉石英岩有低~(176)Lu/~(177)Hf和低~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf组成,两地的片麻岩有高~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比和高且分散的~(176)Lu/~(177)Hf组成。锆石Hf同位素分布主要受变质原岩的形成时代控制,增生锆石基本上继承了原岩锆石的Hf同位素特征,既有增生锆石相对有低~(176)Lu/~(177)Hf和高~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf、继承重结晶锆石相对有高~(176)Lu/~(177)Hf和低~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf的特征,也有二者相互重叠没有区别的,它主要受原岩性质和变质过程中锆石遭受的溶蚀程度控制。增生锆石的低Lu/Hf是锆石在变质过程中Lu含量下降和Hf含量增高造成的,增生锆石的高~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf继承自岩石中其它高Lu/Hf比矿物的长期演化。继承锆石的初始Hf同位素组成ε_(Hf)值和亏损地幔模式年龄T_(DM)示踪表明,各超高压变质原岩的时代和成因是复杂的:双河榴辉岩原岩物质源自25亿年的亏损地幔和至少27亿年以上的古老晚太古地壳混合。双河片麻岩原岩年龄相同,但有不同的壳幔混合物源。黄镇榴辉岩原岩主要源于亏损幔源岩浆形成的初生地壳的重循环,很少的地壳混染。黄镇片麻岩和榴辉岩的物源区年龄相同。两地片麻岩原岩物源主要来自弱亏损地幔,存在古老地壳物质和地幔物质的混合。大别地区超高压变质岩锆石的Lu-Hf同位素特征主要反映了7～8亿年和18～19亿年时扬子克拉通北缘地区的岩浆活动特点和大地构造环境。     

蚌埠隆起区中生代花岗岩的岩石成因：锆石Hf同位素的证据

对蚌埠隆起区中生代不同时期的花岗岩中6个岩体的锆石LA-MC-ICP MS原位Hf同位素的研究,据此限定它们的岩浆源区和重建华北克拉通东南部的构造格架。结果表明,中生代不同时期的花岗岩中岩浆锆石的初始Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t))可以分成两组:第一组的女山(130Ma)和西庐山花岗岩(130Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-18.4和-16.1;第二组的曹山(110Ma)、锥山二长花岗岩(110Ma)和蚂蚁山花岗岩(110Ma)以及淮光花岗闪长岩(130Ma)的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-22.3、-23.1和-21.1以及-28.1,这些岩浆锆石低的ε_(Hf)(t)值表明它们可能来源于古老的大陆下地壳。女山和西庐山岩体中早古生代—新元古代继承锆石具有低的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-2.3～-7.7)和1.52Ga～1.79Ga的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄,表明它们的岩浆源区主要以扬子克拉通下地壳物质为主。曹山、锥山和蚂蚁山以及淮光岩体中岩浆锆石的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄为1.89Ga～2.58Ga,结合淮光岩体中古元古代继承锆石和3400Ma捕获锆石中低的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-5.7～-6.8,-0.6、-0.9)和古老的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄(2.44Ga～2.80Ga,3.7Ga),表明它们主要来源于华北克拉通下地壳物质的部分熔融。淮光和女山岩体中古元古代—新太古宙继承锆石中正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(0.3～6.7)以及高的ε_(Hf)(t)值(16.9～21.7)的存在,暗示形成这些古老继承锆石的初始物质中有幔源物质的涉入。蚌埠隆起区深部地壳中扬子克拉通基底物质的存在暗示扬子克拉通可能沿着郯庐断裂带向西或北西方向俯冲于华北克拉通之下。     

桂北地区丹洲群碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

桂北丹洲群顶部拱洞组粉砂岩的碎屑锆石的阴极发光图像和Th/U(0.2~2.4)值显示,它们均为岩浆成因的锆石。锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)Pb年龄分布在730~769Ma和771~850Ma之间,这些锆石的Hf同位素成分范围较大,ε_(Hf)(t)值和二阶段Hf模式年龄(T_(DM2))分别为-18.4~11.4和1020~2812Ma。此外,样品中还有一些年龄较老的锆石颗粒,~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为1910~3140Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)值和二阶段Hf模式年龄(T_(DM2))分别为-13.6~3.4和2740~3635Ma。结合前人的研究推测,桂北丹洲群拱洞组沉积年龄小于等于706±10Ma,物源主要由扬子板块新元古代岩浆岩组成,也有少量太古宙岩浆岩的加入。推测中国华南地区存在对应于Rodinia超大陆聚合相关的格林威尔运动的响应。根据已测锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值和Hf二阶段模式年龄推断,研究区地壳生长主要经历3个阶段:(1)3.64~3.25Ga,初生地壳出现在3.64Ga;(2)2.98~2.37Ga;(3)2.19~1.28Ga,地壳生长的主要时期。     

西大别西北部浒湾变质带榴辉岩的年龄和性质及其对秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带多期演化的制约

浒湾高压变质带位于大别造山带的西北部,是研究秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带演化过程和时间的关键地区。我们对产于该高压变质带的三个榴辉岩样品进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素和Hf同位素组成分析,以限定榴辉岩相变质作用及原岩形成的时间和原岩性质。苏家河榴辉岩中的变质锆石颗粒具低Th/U值、弱的Eu负异常、较平坦的重稀土(HREE)配分模式,以及低的176Lu/177Hf值。表明这些锆石形成过程中有石榴子石的存在而缺乏斜长石,因此形成于榴辉岩相变质条件。Ti含量温度计计算表明,这些变质锆石的形成温度约为655°C和638°C,与在榴辉岩相变质作用温度条件下形成一致,206Pb/238U年龄加权平均结果为309±4Ma(2σ),代表了榴辉岩相变质作用时间的最佳估计值。胡家湾变质锆石可能形成于前进变质作用阶段,206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为312±11Ma(2σ),这一结果在误差范围内与苏家河的年龄结果一致。锆石U-Pb年龄和微量元素分析结果表明,榴辉岩核部的锆石属岩浆型,年龄为406±5～420±7Ma(2σ),表明原岩晚于中古生代华北与秦岭地体的碰撞时间。三个榴辉岩样品的锆石颗粒εHf(t)值的变化范围较大(-4.9～21.3)。变质锆石与岩浆锆石的Hf同位素的变化范围相近,少数变质增生边部锆石与核部残留岩浆锆石给出较一致的Hf同位素组成,表明变质增生锆石可能是原岩岩浆锆石溶解再结晶作用的结果,因此保留了原岩的初始Hf同位素组成。高的εHf(t)值表明它们的原岩来自亏损的地幔源区,可能是古特提斯洋壳;而低εHf(t)值则归因于地壳混染作用。少量继承核锆石的出现表明榴辉岩的原岩形成过程中有古老地壳物质的加入。浒湾地区一些榴辉岩具明显的来自扬子板块大陆地壳的年代学和地球化学特征。该区古生代的洋壳和新元古代的陆壳在石炭纪共同经历了榴辉岩相变质作用,表明古生代古特提斯洋壳形成于扬子板块北缘边缘盆地的环境。高压变质作用的陆壳岩石可能在洋壳岩石的折返和保存过程中起到了浮力牵引的作用。扬子和华北克拉通的聚合可能经历了超过200Ma的多阶段过程。     

豫西地区秦岭造山带武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成及其物源特征

武当群变质沉积-火山岩组合是南秦岭地体中重要的基底岩石,其形成时代和地球化学特征可以为理解秦岭造山带的构造演化提供重要的证据.本文报道豫西地区武当群上部沉积岩和下部中-酸性火山岩Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成,探讨火山岩成因和沉积岩物源的同位素特征.上部沉积岩的碎屑锆石初始ε_(Hf)值变化在-30～+10之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在1.0Ga至3.2Ga之间,初始ε_(Nd)值在-4.0至-6.0之间.沉积物源表现为主要与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的地壳物质和近源的下部火山岩混合的特征.火山岩的锆石初始εHf值变化在-35～+15之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在0.8Ga至3.5Ga之间,集中于1.5～1.8Ga和2.2～2.4Ga两个峰值.2个变质石英角斑岩样品初始ε_(Nd)值分别为-9.2和-10.7,而报道的湖北武当群的玄武-安山质熔岩的初始ε_(Nd)值以正值为主.因此,武当群不同类型的火山岩可能存在着成因差异.具有低初始ε_(Nd)值和ε_(Hf)值特征的火山岩可能由地壳物质的重熔而形成的;有些火山岩具有初始ε_(Hf)值变化范围较大(-35～+15)或正初始ε_(Nd)值的特点,可能是壳、幔物质混合成因,有显著的幔源或新生地壳物质的贡献.武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成和碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明,与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的南秦岭地体在元古代期间可能经历多期地壳增生和再造作用.     

鄂东南地区古家山岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成:对岩浆源区的指示

对扬子陆块鄂东南地区古家山花岗闪长斑岩体进行了锆石CL显微结构分析和LA-(MC)-ICP-MS法U-Pb年龄测定及Lu-Hf同位素分析.结果表明该花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石为岩浆锆石,其晶体内部多包裹有经历变质重结晶程度不同的继承锆石.岩浆锆石206pb/238U加权平均年龄为145.4±1 Ma (MSWD=1.5),表明古家山岩体形成于晚侏罗世.岩浆锆石εHf(t)值为-4.33-17.41,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄tDM2为1470 ～ 2294 Ma.继承锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄为1746 ～ 2959 Ma,以古元古代为主;εHf(t)值为-18.2～ 2.65,表明该地区存在太古宙-古元古代基底物质再循环.综合野外地质调查与岩石化学、锆石微区原位分析结果,古家山花岗闪长斑岩为壳源花岗岩,其源区为古元古代基底.对古家山花岗闪长斑岩体的研究表明鄂东南地区确切存在太古宙-元古代基底,为研究扬子陆块前寒武纪基底演化提供了新的信息和线索.     

扬子北缘晚古元古代A型花岗质岩:Columbia超大陆裂解的证据

为约束扬子陆块晚古元古代构造演化历史,以华山观岩体的钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展地球化学、年代学、全岩Nd同位素及锆石Hf同位素分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为1860±12 Ma(MSWD=0.69)和1832±14 Ma(MSWD=0.48)。两类岩石都显示铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,一致的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-10.9～-13.8)及其二阶段模式年龄(2962～3183 Ma),揭示其由同一套太古宙的地壳部分熔融形成。综合已有ε_(Hf)(t)值资料,表明扬子陆块广泛存在两套太古宙长英质地壳(3.0～3.5 Ga; 3.5～3.9 Ga),为华山观两类花岗岩的岩浆形成提供了物源。华山观岩体两类花岗岩的锆石饱和温度揭示源岩位于较深的地壳,且二长花岗岩的形成有更多热源的参与。结合扬子陆块同期(～1.85Ga)A型花岗岩的地球化学数据,认为华山观钾长花岗岩具有后碰撞A_2型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞伸展环境,而华山观二长花岗岩具有A_1型花岗岩的地球化学特征,暗示造山后伸展到陆内裂谷过渡的构造背景,可能与Columbia超大陆裂解有关。     

大别造山带碧溪岭橄榄岩中锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究

在详细形态和内部结构研究基础上,对碧溪岭橄榄岩锆石进行了配套的U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析。碧溪岭橄榄岩锆石主体是变质成因的,但有少量岩浆锆石残留。这些锆石主体给出了220～210Ma的变质生长/重结晶作用年龄;一颗具较高Th/U比值的锆石给出646Ma的近协和年龄,限定了早期岩浆结晶作用的最小年龄。真正的侵位年龄可以由745Ma的上交点年龄来限定;210～222Ma则记录着深俯冲陆壳折返过程中的锆石生长。除少数颗粒的ε_(Hf)为负值外(-2.9),大部分锆石的ε_(Hf)是正的(高达 8.1)并具新元古代的亏损地幔模式年龄(0.6～1.0Ga,平均0.8Ga)。这些结果说明碧溪岭橄榄岩的初始物质是扬子大陆岩石圈内新元古代岩浆堆积作用产物。这样的岩浆堆积物来源于亏损的软流圈地幔,侵入于扬子的深部地壳之中(如底侵)并部分混染了古老地壳组分。它们随扬子向华北之下深俯冲碰撞和造山带折返过程中经历着复杂的变质改造作用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)