从霍山砂岩的讨论看山西地台的盖层问题

由于广大地质工作者积极劳动的结果,已积累了大量新资料,最近期间有更多的人对山西地区有广泛分布的霍山砂岩的时代提出了不同的看法,如“山西省霍山砂岩的对比及时代和“汉高砂岩及霍山砂岩的时代问题两篇文章的发表就是例子。他们将多数人过去所认为的震旦纪沉积物——“霍山砂岩”根据突际资料加以否定,并认为它是代表寒武系的沉积。     

羌塘盆地唢呐湖组时代归属新证据

<正>唢呐湖组湖相地层广泛发育于羌塘地块北部、可可西里地块和昆仑地块南部。最初唢呐湖组由西藏区调队建立,创名剖面位于唢呐湖东面,其岩石组合特征为紫红色砾岩、含砾砂岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩夹多层石膏组合,偶夹少量火山岩及沉凝灰岩。区域上,唢呐湖组角度不整合于侏罗系之     

鄂尔多斯地区寒武纪海侵及其地层的时侵

关于鄂尔多斯断块^[1]及其周缘的寒武纪地层与海侵,卢衍豪先生曾有论述。本文将讨论“霍山砂岩”的时代及其时侵的特点。     

论云南曲靖的玉龙寺组

<正> 滇东志留、泥盆系的界限,实质上是关于玉龙寺组的归属问题;而玉龙寺组的归属,又是对玉龙寺组的涵义及其所含各门类动物的时代争论问题。玉龙寺组是1937年丁文江、王曰伦创名于曲靖城西约10km面店村东南的玉龙寺,以马龙沧浪铺至黑牛山剖面为准,与下伏妙高层整合接触,同属上志留统:     

山西省霍山砂岩的对比及其时代

一、前言在山西省广大地区的下寒武纪馒头统红色页岩之下,常常可以见到一层稳定的石英砂岩,即山根新次所称的“霍山砂岩”及(王那)琳所称的“汉高砂岩”。它是一种准平原式的沉积。过去多数地质家将它列入震旦系下部,并与燕山区蓟县一带的长城石英岩相对比。马杏垣等和朱志澄曾分别在五台山区、太行山一     

苏浙皖地区的龙潭组

<正> 龙潭组原称“龙潭煤系”,由刘季辰、赵汝钧(1924)于南京龙潭创名。煤系“厚自80—110公尺,煤层仅只一层,在苏境内,其厚度不一,最厚者仅四、五尺许,延长不广,少远即减薄……。煤系中岩层,仅砂岩与页岩相间而生,煤层在全系中上之部,其上有不纯石灰岩一薄层,极富动物化石,属二叠纪。”这是有关龙潭组的最早论述。当时认为其下伏地层     

贵州东部“红层”轮藻化石的发现及其时代归属

贵州东部“红层”见于天柱城北东3—6公里,残留面积4.3平方公里(图1),由河湖相的紫红色长石石英砂岩夹砂岩及泥岩组成。长期未获生物化石,其时代归属难以肯定。1973年中国地质科学研究院主编的中国地质图集的贵州地质图将该地“红层”视为老第三系;之后,湖南省区调队在测制1:20万会同幅时置于白垩系;七十年代末至八十年代初认为其时代属下一中侏罗统的有地质矿产部第八普查勘探大队和贵州区调队。虽然不断地改变该“红层”的时代,但都未获化石依据。近年来,我队对     

南京附近高骊山砂岩之再研究

<正> 高骊山砂岩系1931年朱森创名。创名剖面在句容高骊山南坡。详细分层描述见于1935年李毓尧、李捷、朱森著“宁镇山脉地质”一书(209页)。1932年李四光、朱森将和州灰岩(上)和高骊山系(下)代表龙潭一带的下石炭统上部。1956年“中国区域地层表(草案)补编”一书中首称高骊山组。我们认为:高骊山组与高骊山系含义相似,后者为大塘     

大别山北缘早白垩世黑石渡组沉积体系研究

分布于大别山北缘晓天-磨子潭断裂以北和金寨-响洪甸-西汤池断裂以南呈东西向延伸的早白垩世黑石渡组,厚达千米,岩相主要有角砾岩、砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩等,包括冲积扇、河流、扇三角洲和湖泊沉积体系,其中河流沉积主要由洪泛平原和决口扇组成。黑石渡组属于向上变细层序,早期为冲积扇沉积,中期为洪泛平原、决口扇和扇三角洲沉积,晚期为深湖浊流沉积。冲积扇和湖相浊流沉积主要发育于盆地东段舒城晓天地区,洪泛平原和决口扇沉积主要发育于盆地西段霍山地区,扇三角洲在两地都比较发育。这是一个不对称的断陷盆地,晓天-磨子潭断裂可能对盆地的发育具有控制作用。     

论陡坡寺组

<正> 一、历史回顾 陡坡寺组为卢衍豪、王鸿桢命名,1941年正式发表(见谢家荣,1941)。虽然陡坡寺组从创名到现在已有50多年的历史,但是对它的时代归属及命名地点则一直存在不同的理解和认识。卢、王二人建立该组时,由上至下分为3层,总厚147m,置于中寒武统(?)。     

The occurrence of hydrocarbons in Cambrian sandstones of the Welsh Borderland

Hydrocarbon shows occur in Cambrian sandstones in the Welsh Borderland. In Shropshire, sandstones of the Upper Comley Group in particular contain hydrocarbons infilling residual primary porosity and secondary porosity after leaching of feldspars. In the Malvern Hills, the Hollybush Sandstone is locally black due to an impregnation by hydrocarbons. Evidence from the distribution of hydrocarbons in other Lower Palaeozoic rocks and in Precambrian rocks in Shropshire suggests that they have migrated from hydrocarbon-bearing Carboniferous sandstones. However, the source of hydrocarbons for the Hollybush Sandstone may be the immediately superjacent Upper Cambrian black shales.     

甘新蒙北山地区古生代构造演化研究——北山古生代洋盆开启、闭合时限最新进展

北山及邻区各微地块上分布有震旦纪—早寒武世沉积岩系,寒武系底部发育含磷层,震旦系中见大致可对比的冰碛岩(3层),暗示各微地块当时可能是一个统一大陆块的组成部分。下寒武统双鹰山组薄层状大理岩、灰岩为浅海或滨海相环境产物;中上寒武统西双鹰山组青灰色硅质岩夹有薄层状灰岩,为深海相化学沉积产物,意味着早寒武世为北山古生代洋盆开启时限下限。泥盆纪三个井组不整合于寒武、奥陶纪之上,三个井组显示前陆盆地特征,花岗岩"线-面-点"产出形态可能代表俯冲-碰撞-碰撞后造山期地质记录。因此,早泥盆世为北山古生代洋盆闭合时限上限。     

Largest Ediacaran discs from the Jodhpur Sandstone,Marwar Supergroup,India: Their palaeobiological signi?cance

Ediacaran discs from the Jodhpur Sandstone of the Marwar Supergroup, Rajasthan, exhibit a wide size ranging from a few millimetres to 75 cm in diameter. Exceptionally large size of the discs in these rocks represent the largest reported so far from any Ediacaran assemblage. Although, larger medu-soid discs have been reported from USA, they are from the middle Cambrian and even younger rocks. Presence of microbial mats and weed-like structures with well preserved hold fasts and horizontal rhizome-like structures in association with some of these large-sized discs support their animal affinity, which probably feed on this weed-like vegetations. This association also supports their benthic habitat. Unlike the general trend of sudden increase in size of organisms in Ediacaran period and further decrease in size during Cambrian, these discs continued increasing in size in Cambrian also.     

阿拉善地块南缘龙首山东段“龙首山岩群”的再厘定——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb定年的证据

龙首山东段滑石口井地区存在一套浅变质的沉积岩系,原被认为属于古元古代“龙首山岩群”.本文取自这套变沉积岩系的2件样品的碎屑锆石年龄范围介于0.52～3.56 Ga之间,与相邻的寒武系大黄山群碎屑锆石年龄谱相似,其时代可能为中、晚寒武世.取自原“龙首山岩群”和寒武系大黄山群的3件变沉积岩样品中,共获得129个谐和的碎屑锆石年龄,主要分布在0.7～1.2 Ga(约占47％,峰值～0.8、～0.94、～1.0 Ga)和2.5～2.8 Ga(约占31％,峰值～2.5、～2.7 Ga),相对较小的年龄群集中在0.5～0.6 Ga(约占7％,峰值～0.56 Ga)和1.4～1.8 Ga(约占10％,峰值～1.5 Ga),其余年龄零星分布于1.8～2.4 Ga,少量锆石年龄＞3.0 Ga.碎屑物源分析认为,大黄山群的碎屑物质主要来自祁连地块,其中新元古代末一早古生代初期的碎屑物质来自北祁连造山带相关的火成岩,新元古代碎屑物质来自祁连地块广泛分布的新元古代岩浆岩,而中元古代一太古宙碎屑物质可能来自祁连地块再循环的变质基底岩石.结合区域地质资料认为,龙首山东段的浅变质沉积岩系和寒武系大黄山群可能沉积于祁连地块北侧的大陆边缘,在构造背景上属于祁连造山带,而不属于阿拉善地块.     

Ichnology and Depositional Environment of the Cambrian Nagaur Sandstone (Nagaur Group) Along the Dulmera Section,Bikaner-Nagaur Basin,Rajasthan

Abstract: The Lower Cambrian Nagaur Sandstone (Marwar Supergroup) has yielded trace fossils Treptichnus, Cruziana, serially repeated Rusophycus, Diplichnites, Monomorphichnus, Bergaueria, arthropod swimming traces and leap frogging marks of Cruziana ichnofacies. This ichnofossils assemblage is dominantly preserved in fine to medium grained red sandstone beds of the Mohra Member (Nagaur Sandstone). The presence of graded rip-up clasts, current ripples, dune cross-stratification with mud drapes and tidal bundles indicates a subtidal paleoenvironment for the deposition of Nagaur Sandstone Formation, which is corroborated by the Cruziana ichnofacies trace fossil assemblage.     

清河镇动物群化石之否定

在华北陆台北缘“发现”分布达二千公里早寒武世小亮化石带并建立了“清河镇动物群”的报道引起了地质学家们的普遍关注。随着研究工作的进一步展开,相继又在太古代、元古代和古生代的高级变质岩石、糜棱岩、甚至火成岩岩石中发现了该动物群的“化石”.对上述“化石”及其与岩石标本的关系等多方面的综合研究结果证明,这些物体根本就不是化石,而是在用酸处理岩石样品时所形成的化学反应生成物。依据此类假化石进行地层时代划分及填图将会带来极大的混乱。     

Review of plant evolution and its effect on climate during the time of the Old Red Sandstone

A substantial decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration during the mid-Palaeozoic is likely to have been the consequence partially of the evolution of rooted land plants. The earliest land plants evolved in the Ordovician but these were small cryptophytes without any roots. Much of the evidence for the evolution of vascular plants comes from the Old Red Sandstone of South Wales and the Welsh Borderland. Plants with large rooting systems evolved during the Middle Devonian and resulted in an increase in chemical weathering of silicate rocks. This, in turn, caused a contemporaneous drop in atmospheric CO₂ concentration from approximately 25 times present concentration in the Cambrian to twice the present concentration by the late Carboniferous. The supposed mechanism for CO₂ removal from the atmosphere involves oceanic carbonate precipitation, enhanced by plant-enhanced chemical weathering of Ca and Mg silicates.     

塔里木盆地北部寒武—奥陶系海相烃源岩重新认识

根据对塔北地区591块泥质源岩613块碳酸盐岩热解资料的统计分析表明，本区中上奥陶统泥质岩除柯坪地区相对较好外，其余地区普遍属一非生油岩，不可能对已发现的海相油气有实质性的贡献。而寒武系无论是碳酸盐岩还是泥岩，其有机质丰度均高于奥陶系，尤其是碳酸盐岩烃源岩厚度也较大，因而是塔里木盆地一套十分重要的海相油气源岩，现今为一套优质气源岩。其次是中上奥陶统台缘斜坡灰泥丘有机相泥灰岩，具有有机质丰度较高、成熟度适中及具有一定厚度分布的特点，是本区海相油气另一大套重要源岩。另外，平面上，本区寒武一奥陶系泥岩的有机质丰度表现为东西两端相对较高，可达到中等一很好生油岩标准，而草湖、轮南、英买力以及孔雀河斜坡与满加尔凹陷奥陶系泥岩基本上均属差一非生油岩。碳酸盐岩烃源岩则以库尔勒鼻隆及塔东（含库鲁克塔格）地区为最后，其次是哈拉哈塘凹陷。     

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Ordovician Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation in southern Jordan

The Ordovician Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation of Jordan comprises approximately 200-m-thick succession of fluvial quartzarenites with subordinate claystone and siltstone lithologies of shallow marine conditions. The Umm Sahm Formation is characterized by its dark brown color, frequent jointing, and steep scarps. The Umm Sahm Formation is bounded by the marine claystones of Hiswah Formation at the top and the fluvial sandstones of the Disi Formation at the bottom. The Umm Sahm Formation is composed of two main facies: fluvial facies and tidal facies. The fluvial facies constitutes about 93% of the total thickness. The lower few meters of the succession passes upward from the Disi Sandstone Formation into similar massive white sandstone facies exhibiting similar white color, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, with round-shaped pebbles. Trough and planar cross-bedding show a northwest unidirectional palaeocurrent trend. Light brown colored quartzarenites similar to those of the Cambrian Umm Ishrin Sandstone Formation are most common in the upper part of the succession. The tidal facies occupies three intervals in the middle part of the succession. It is composed of laminated and thin-bedded sandstones, siltstones, and claystones. They are rippled and varicolored with abundant trace fossils (Cruziana, Harlania, ruzophycus). The presence of hummocky cross stratification indicates the earliest short-lived tempestite conditions during the Paleozoic erathem of Jordan. The first appearance of Graptolites in the Ordovician rocks of Jordan was recorded during this study in the tidal facies of the Umm Sahm Formation. The vertical arrangement of both fluvial and tidal facies indicates three successive short-lived transgressions and regressions. These marine incursions indicate the successive shoreline advances of the Tethys Ocean, which was located northward, and inundated the southern braid plain. The three short-lived transgressive events took place, and the Tethys marine margin was displaced southward, giving rise to deposition of tidal facies in an open coast tidal flat. Following the transgressive events, renewed progradation and strandline retreat took place, fed by large amounts of siliciclastics derived from the continent and transported by braided streams across the intertidal zone.