来凤地区龙马溪组含气页岩测井识别——以WY1井为例

湖北龙马溪组海相页岩是除四川盆地外可能实现页岩气勘探突破点之一,测井技术是一种十分成熟的油气勘探开发研究手段,本文以来凤地区WY1井的测井为基础,对龙马溪组含气页岩层段测井响应特征进行系统研究。结果表明,WY1井龙马溪组含气页岩层段具有高自然伽马、高铀、高钍、高补偿中子、高声波时差及低密度的测井响应特征,深、浅侧向电阻率低于下伏宝塔组碳酸盐岩,高于砂质页岩,且正差异反映岩层中发育高角度裂缝的层段。通过测井曲线叠合以及交会图版分析发现,含气页岩层自然伽马—岩性密度测井叠合曲线及声波时差—岩性密度测井叠合曲线具有明显的正差异,而自然伽马—补偿中子和声波时差—补偿中子呈现明显的负差异,且声波时差—岩性密度叠合测井曲线对于含气层段的指示作用最为准确;声波时差—补偿中子测井交会图、补偿中子—自然伽马测井交会图以及深侧向电阻率—补偿中子测井交会图对于富有机质含气页岩的识别作用最明显。     

松辽盆地南部深部含气性预测研究

预测松辽盆地南部深部的含油气层,应采用"两部分离法",首先根据测井响应特征,对地震资料进行自然伽马、电阻率、中子孔隙度、密度及波阻抗等属性体反演,确定出地层中的砂岩层,然后,针对这些砂岩层,利用声波测井和中子测井合成ACNL曲线等,并与GR曲线交汇的油气水层识别等技术,准确地识别出含油气砂岩层。     

测井曲线重构和频谱分析技术在塔里木盆地塔河油田卡拉沙依组储层预测中的应用

由于受不同地质情况的影响,常规测井曲线不能很好地解决特殊地质问题。针对塔河油田三区石炭系卡拉沙依组的储层地质特征,利用频谱分析技术对伽马、中子测井曲线进行处理。与常规测井曲线比较,地层的旋回特征在频谱分析曲线上更加明显。根据相同地层具有相似旋回性的原理,利用伽马、中子频谱分析曲线进行地层横向对比,使研究区卡拉沙依组砂泥段的砂组划分、对比达到了协调和统一;以声波曲线为本体,结合反映岩性的测井曲线(伽马、中子、自然电位等曲线),应用曲线重构技术构建储层特征曲线,为测井约束反演提供地质依据,使反演结果更接近于地质实际情况。利用反演资料进行储层预测的结果与测井解释有利储层段进行比较,吻合率和较吻合率分别为71.6%、11.3%。     

新型高分辨率自然伽马测井仪器的优化设计与资料处理技术

通过自然伽马响应函数与其探测器长度间关系的研究,选择长度为0.1 m的NaI晶体作为新型高分辨率自然伽马仪器的探测器。为克服短NaI晶体会导致计数率降低和统计涨落误差增大等问题,利用4个大小完全相同的NaI晶体同时测量伽马射线强度,获得4条高分辨率自然伽马测井曲线;然后,对4条测量曲线进行累加并结合带通滤波技术充分降低统计涨落误差;在此基础上,进一步应用正则化反褶积处理提高仪器的纵向分辨率。理论模型和井场试验结果均证明,该新型高分辨率伽马仪器具有0.15 m的纵向分辨率,比常规自然伽马测井仪器的分辨率提高了4倍以上。     

卡拉沙依组薄互层岩性识别技术

石炭系卡拉沙依组碎屑岩储层已经成为塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的重要替代储层。针对卡拉沙依组砂泥交互薄储层横向变化显著、非均质性严重的特点,笔者提出,在综合分析测井曲线特征的基础上,利用补偿中子测井曲线和自然伽马测井曲线构建岩性指示特征曲线。将构建的岩性指示特征曲线用于储层反演,与常规波阻抗反演对比,岩性指示特征曲线明显改善了反演效果,提高了对薄储层的识别能力,为塔河油田石炭系碎屑岩储层的精细研究提供了一种简便有效的新方法。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系延长组泥质含量计算方法

对鄂尔多斯盆地存在的高自然伽马砂岩储层,仅用自然伽马测井资料难以正确识别并计算其泥质含量。分析这类高反射性储层测井响应特征。针对其成因和测井曲线特征,采用常规自然伽马和中子一密度方法综合法,能较准确计算高自然伽马砂岩储层泥质含量。     

随钻脉冲中子-伽马密度测井响应数值模拟

随钻过程中采用D-T可控中子源和2个NaI晶体探测器系统,记录两个探测器的非弹性散射和俘获伽马射线,采用俘获伽马计数比值进行含氢指数校正后,建立非弹性散射伽马计数比和地层密度的响应关系,从而实现脉冲中子-伽马密度测井.利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟地层条件下非弹性散射和俘获伽马分布,得到非弹伽马计数与地层密度和含氢指数都有关,但近、远探测器俘获伽马计数比反映含氢指数灵敏度高,利用其对含氢指数校正后就可以得到非弹伽马计数与地层密度的关系;通过二元回归方法得出地层密度校正后的响应公式,校正后视密度和真密度值相差很小.研究结果表明,在随钻过程中利用脉冲中子伽马测井方法可以确定地层密度.      

浅谈煤层气测井技术

目前用于煤层气测井的主要设备有美国蒙特系列Ⅲ数字测井仪、渭南煤矿专用设备厂TYSC型和北京中地英捷物探仪器研究所PSJ-2型数字测井仪系统。煤层气裸眼井常测的参数有自然伽马、长短源距人工伽马、自然电位、双侧向、双井径、声波、补偿中子、井温、井斜等,而固井质量检查测井则用自然伽马、声幅、声波变密度和磁定位等方法。受井径过大的影响,密度三侧向测井、声速和补偿中子测井会存在较大误差。另外《煤层气测井作业规程》是单一企业标准,其中有些规定在实际执行过程中存在诸多问题,需在实践中进行修正。     

煤层气储层测井评价有关问题的讨论

煤层气的形成和储层的特性决定了煤层气储层评价的一系列关键参数,这些参数可用常规测井方法直接或间接获得。目前常规测井方法包括自然电位、双侧向（或感应）、微电极、补偿密度、自然伽马、声波时差、声波全波列、中子孔隙率以及井径测井等。选用不同测井方法采用线性回归或体积模型等方法,可以获得煤层气储层评价参数。     

测井资料用于盆地中火成岩岩性识别及岩相划分:以准噶尔盆地为例

以准噶尔盆地为例,建立火成岩的测井岩性识别和测井相划分的方法,运用火成岩岩石学理论和岩石物理学的技术方法,确立了火成岩岩性、岩相的测井分类标准。揭示了自然伽马测井、密度测井、ECS测井对火成岩化学成分的变化最为敏感,从基性到酸性火成岩的自然放射性强度逐渐增强,密度降低,金属元素含量减少,二氧化硅含量增加;火成岩的自然放射性、密度、电阻率对火成岩的结构变化有一定的反映,火山碎屑岩与同质的熔岩相比,自然放射性、密度、电阻率测井值降低;补偿中子测井值对火成岩的蚀变程度反映最为敏感,密度、电阻率对火成岩的蚀变程度有一定的反映,且随着蚀变程度的增强,密度、电阻率测井值有降低的趋势。并用岩性敏感测井曲线制作了多维火成岩岩性识别图版、用成像测井制作了火成岩的结构与构造识别图版,用ECS测井区分岩石成分,用岩心资料进行验证,提出了常规测井+成像测井+ECS测井+岩心标定的火成岩岩性识别模式和技术方法,综合判定火成岩岩石的类型、成分、结构和构造,提高了复杂火成岩岩性识别的准确率。     

砂泥岩薄互层测井资料解释方法

从分析薄互层的特征入手,采用反褶积方法对单条测井曲线做提高分辨率的处理,并调整电阻率测井曲线,使其与提高了分辨率的泥质含量及孔隙度测井曲线的纵向分辨率协调、在此基础上,按一定的解释模型计算出孔隙度和饱和度等参数。实际计算表明,本方法改善了储集参数的评价,降低了含水饱和度。     

Correlation of geologic logs with spectral methods

Spectral studies of geologic logs demonstrate that automatic well—log correlation can be processed more efficiently in the frequency domain. Cross correlation of the power spectra of well logs identifies the direction and degree of thickening of stratigraphic sequences between two wells. Given the stretch, the displacement between logs is computed by correlation processes without relying on iterative procedures. Beginning with digitized log data of unequal lengths, power spectra are computed. The stretch factor between the two logs is observed as a difference in frequency scaling. A transform to logarithmic frequencies converts the spectra to a form that reduces the scaling effect of the frequencies to a simple displacement between the plots. A Lagrange interpolation procedure permits cross correlation of the two spectra with a variable window size. The peak value of the resultant correlation function identifies the displacement between the spectra and this, in turn, permits calculation of the stretch factor.     

核测井曲线综合纵向响应函数与分辨率分析

对核测井曲线进行付氏变换,其纵向分辨率可以从分析振幅谱斜率变化中获得。核测井仪器的纵向响应函数不仅与仪器的结构有关,而且还含有与探测介质有关的参数。在地层界面处的曲线变化中提取出测井曲线的综合纵向响应函数。结果证实核测井曲线的纵向响应函数与仪器的固有纵向响应函数不一致。核测井曲线的综合响应函数不仅取决于仪器的响应函数,而且受测量速度、采样率,地面仪器记录方式等因素的影响。     

Calculation of fracture parameters and their effect on porosity and permeability using image logs and petrophysical data in carbonate Asmari reservoir,SW Iran

Evaluation of fractures and their parameters, such as aperture and density, is necessary in the optimization of oil production and field development. The purpose of this study is the calculation of fracture parameters in the Asmari reservoir using two electrical image logs (FMI, EMI), and the determination of fracture parameters’ effect on the porosity and permeability using thin sections and velocity deviation log (VDL). The results indicate that production in the Asmari reservoir is a combination of fractures and rock matrix. Fracture aperture (VAH) and fracture porosity (VPA) are only measurable with core and image logs directly. However, regarding core limitations, the image log has been recognized as the best method for fracture parameter determination due to their high resolution (2.5 mm). In this study, VDL log and thin sections have been used as auxiliary methods which may be available in all wells. The VDL log provides a tool to obtain downhole information about the predominant pore type in carbonates. Results indicate that between fracture parameters, VAH is considered as the most important parameter for determining permeability. For well No. 3, VAH ranges from minimum 51 × 10^?5 mm to maximum 0. 047 mm and VPA changes from min 10^?5% to maximum 0.02056%. For well No. 6, VAH varies from 5 × 10^?4 to 0.0695 mm and VPA varies from 10^?5 to 0.015%. Therefore, due to high fracture density and fracture aperture, it seems that most of effective porosity originates from fractures especially in well No. 3. However, VDL for well No. 6 indicates that intercrystalline and vuggy porosity are the dominant porosity. This result may be an indication for fracture set diversity in the two studied wells. While in well No. 3, they related to the folding and active faults, in well No. 6 they are only of folding type. Furthermore, results indicate the high capability for both of EMI and FMI image logs for calculation of fracture and vug parameters in the carbonate reservoirs.     

Assessment of natural gas hydrate reservoirs at Site GMGS3-W19 in the Shenhu area,South China Sea based on various well logs

To obtain the characteristics of the gas hydrate reservoirs at GMGS3-W19, extensive geophysical logging data and cores were analyzed to assess the reservoir properties. Sediment porosities were estimated from density, neutron, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs. Both the resistivity and NMR logs were used to calculate gas hydrate saturations, the Simandoux model was employed to eliminate the effects of high clay content determined based on the ECS and core data. The density porosity was closely in agreement with the core-derived porosity, and the neutron porosity was higher while the NMR porosity was lower than the density porosity of sediments without hydrates. The resistivity log has higher vertical resolution than the NMR log and thus is more favorable for assessing gas hydrate saturation with strong heterogeneity. For the gas hydrate reservoirs at GMGS3-W19, the porosity, gas hydrate saturation and free gas saturation was 52.7%, 42.7% and 10%, on average, respectively. The various logs provide different methods for the comprehensive evaluation of hydrate reservoir, which supports the selection of candidate site for gas hydrate production testing.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

用测井曲线识别地质标志层位

利用动态规划算法进行有序序列匹配来识别地质标志层位,在选取特征模式参数时,不仅考虑了曲线形态的特征,而且考虑了地层岩性的特征。对特征模式向量进行了量纲一致性处理。识别时既可以对全孔所有层识别,也可以只做部分层位识别,还可以分段识别。对山东唐口地区的几口井做了识别处理,均取得较满意的结果。      

电成像测井资料在裂缝成因分析中的应用

以塔里木盆地为例,探讨高分辨率电成像测井资料在裂缝成因分析中的应用。根据电成像测井图像解释,利用裂缝图像的颜色(或灰度)和产状特征,结合岩芯标定和常规测井资料,可以有效地区分构造裂缝与非构造裂缝、张裂缝与剪裂缝,确定裂缝充填与否和充填物的成分,以及裂缝的溶蚀改造程度。利用从电成像测井图像上提取的共轭裂缝的产状信息,还可以恢复裂缝形成时古构造应力场的方向。     

测井曲线剩余变化的分维描述火成岩裂缝发育情况

大庆深层火成岩段岩性复杂，偿仅具有从基性到酸性的各种熔岩，还包括不同喷发期次的凝灰岩。岩性变化是影响各种测井曲线响应特征变化的最主要因素。裂缝的响应往往被岩性的影响所淹灭。为此从测井曲线中提取分维来描述裂缝发育程度，必须考虑岩性的影响。为了消除岩性的影响，对分辨率较高且对裂缝反映灵敏的微球形聚焦测井曲线进行滤波处理，获得原始曲线与滤波曲线间的剩余变化，再从中提取分维，从而突出裂缝的影响。实际处理表明，从剩余曲线中提取的分数维，比从原始测井曲线中提取的分维能更好地指示出复杂火成岩地层裂缝发育情况。     

Relation between source rock properties and wireline log parameters: An example from Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, NW-Germany

The relationships between source rock quality and wireline log parameters were established for the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale, the most prolific petroleum source rock of Central Europe. Wireline logs used are the gamma ray spectrometry, density, sonic and various resistivity logs. The organic geochemical parameters considered include the organic carbon content, hydrogen index, and the hydrocarbon potential expressed by pyrolysis yield. The case history presented is based on a continuous core through the entire Posidonia Shale interval from a location where this source rock is immature. Care was taken to detect and to avoid samples and log values influenced by bore hole roughness and fractures. Fair correlations were observed only between uranium content from gamma ray spectrometry log and organic carbon content. No correlation was recognized between uranium content and kerogen type as defined by hydrogen indices. For various reasons density, sonic, and resistivity logs did not provide useful data in this study.Three rock units with irregular, high and low uranium contents could be differentiated. Possible causes for this tripartition are different environments during deposition and postdepositional redistribution of uranium during early diagenesis and in association with fractures.