基于离散时间传递矩阵法的变截面梁地震时程分析方法研究

为提高变截面梁地震动力求解的计算效率,提出了基于离散时间传递矩阵法的时程分析方法。首先,从欧拉梁的偏微分振动方程出发,基于逐步时间积分法的线性化方法并结合张量变换原理,建立了变截面梁的动力时程计算方法;其次,考虑地震动激励的非一致输入效应,采用数值迭代求解的方式建立了变截面梁地震动力时程分析的离散时间传递矩阵算法;最后,编制了数值仿真计算程序,并结合具体算例进行了算法的有效性和高效性验证。算例结果表明:在采用相同计算模型的前提下,离散时间传递矩阵法不仅能够在计算精度方面与有限元法保持一致,同时还拥有更高的计算效率。     

神水泉大桥非线性时程分析及抗震性能评价

结合某高速公路一座典型桥梁神水泉大桥的工程设计实例,采用有限元分析程序Midas Civil,选取空间梁单元建立动力计算模型。采用非线性时程法分析该桥受E2地震作用在顺桥及横桥向产生的动力反应,同时按反应谱法进行校核,并对桥墩进行了抗震性能评价。时程分析分别采用3组实际强震记录的时程曲线,计算结果取时程法的包络值。由分析结果可知E2地震作用下按能力保护构件设计的盖梁抗弯强度、桩基抗弯强度及支座厚度不满足要求;矮墩抗剪能力不满足E2地震作用要求。     

结构动力分析的非线性拟动力方程法

本文在时间步长△t内用二次曲线来拟合动力反应的速度和加速度时程曲线，并且得到了求解结构动力响应的拟动力方程。由于可直接由动力方程求解动力反应，因而物理概念明确，可克服计算中误差积累问题，并且与线性法相比，在保证计算精度的条件下，可减少时间步长的划分，提高运算速度。     

基于时域叠加的反应谱拟合的新方法

本文研究了反应谱拟合的时域叠加法,发现时域叠加法保留了实际加速度记录的全部相位特性和时变频谱特性,对原始地震动修改最小,在大多数情况下,可保留输入记录的非平稳特性和保持原始地震动的自然积分关系,是一种比较精确的方法。在此基础上本文提出了基于时域叠加的反应谱拟合的窄带时程反演构造法。该方法通过单自由度体系的稳态反应推导出窄带时程与反演输入时程之间的关系式,无需进行复杂的傅里叶逆变换,计算量小且精确简便,可非常方便地求出反演输入时程。通过本文方法可对任意时程波进行调整改造,改造后的地震动加速度时程既能与设计目标反应谱相符,又能保持原地震动加速度在时域上的特性,改造前后的时程波具有高度相似性。算例分析结果表明,本文方法合理可行,且拟合精度较高。     

时变功率谱模型参数衰减规律研究

基于美国西部基岩强震加速度记录资料,采用多重滤波技术计算水平向和竖向地震加速度记录时程的时变功率谱值,并利用非线性最小二乘法拟合了对应于各条加速度记录时程的时变功率谱模型参数值.采用经验统计方法,分析了水平向和竖向加速度时变功率谱模型参数随震级、震中距及频率的变化规律,建立其衰减模型,并由多随机变量一致加权最小二乘法拟合得到了各衰减模型的系数值.通过与现有时变功率谱衰减规律的对比分析,证明了本文提出的衰减模型的合理性.     

地震加速度初始时程的模拟

分析了地震加速度时程模拟的常规方法，指出初始加速度时程的选取十分重要。对常规方法构造初始加速度时程的方法作了改进，并建议直接使用真实地震加速度时程记录作为初始时程。计算结果表明，这些改进可以得到更为理想的结果。     

地震加速度初始过程的模拟

分析了地震加速度时程模拟的常规方法，指出初始加速度时程的选取十分重要，对常规方法构造初始加速度时程的方法作了改进，并建议直接使用真实地震加速度时程记录作国初始时程，计算结果表明，这些改进可以得到更为理想的结果。     

宽频带强震仪与地震仪同一台基上记录仿真对比研究

本文依据作者提出的由加速度记录实时仿真速度、位移时程和由速度记录实时仿真加速度时程及位移时程时域实时方法,对福建省和黑龙江省在同一台基上记录到的宽频带加速度记录与速度记录分别进行了仿真,并与仪器记录进行了比较分析。结果表明,可由宽频带加速度记录仿真得到真实的速度与位移时程;由宽频带速度记录也可得到加速度时程和位移时程,但对加速度时程高频成分会有一定的损失;应用此方法也可以仿真得到某一型号地震仪或者强震仪记录。     

适用于结构时程分析法的输入地震波

本文对建筑结构抗震设计时程法所需的输入地震波提出一种基于规范反应谱的、与设防烈度、场地条件、设计近震或远震、结构自振特性有关的选择原则和方法。按远、近震和四类场地标定了反应谱、延性谱和积累损伤谱。通过对六幢不同高度的剪切和弯曲型结构模型的弹塑性分析,表明离差很小。建议在进行结构时程法分析时,按地震加速度反应谱特定的分布规律选择4条加速度记录作为输入计算。两个实际的例子表明按上述方法计算的结果与按底部剪力法计算的结果基本相符。     

台湾海峡地震余震及汕头市地基震害初步预测

根据灰色系统的一阶灾变模型，对台湾海峡７．３级地震的ＭＬ≥５．０级余震进行了预测，给出了未来可能的发震时间；根据汕头市国际大酒店地下室记录的这次地震的地面加速度时程，反演计算得到了基岩加速度时程，据此进行了地震反应分析，并对地基震害作了分区。     

基础隔震结构的耗能分析

采用Bouc-wen模型,利用状态空间迭代法,对基础隔震结构进行了多质点的弹塑性时程分析,并根据此结果,利用能量方程,求得隔震结构的各项能量,绘制了各能量项时程曲线。以一实际工程为例,求得隔震结构的各项耗能情况,说明了基础隔震结构以减少地震输入和隔震层滞回耗能来减小对上部结构的损坏。     

Nonlinear earthquake response analysis and energy calculation for seismic slit shear wall structures

Based on the concept of structural passive control, a new type of slit shear wall, with improved seismic performance when compared to an ordinary solid shear wall, was proposed by the authors in 1996. The idea has been verified by a series of pseudo-static and dynamic tests. In this paper a macro numerical model is developed for the wall element and the energy dissipation device. Then, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out for a 10-story slit shear wall model tested on a shaking table. Furthermore, the seismic input energy and the individual energy dissipated by the components are calculated by a method based on Newmark-β assumptions for this shear wall model, and the advantages of this shear wall are further demonstrated by the calculation results from the viewpoint of energy. Finally, according to the seismic damage criterion on the basis of plastic accumulative energy and maximum response, the optimal analysis is carried out to select design parameters for the energy dissipation device.     

基于含耗能梁段钢框筒侧向力分布的影响比较

含可更换剪切型耗能梁段钢框筒是一种新型消能减震结构,利用部分裙梁跨中耗能梁段集中塑性变形,方便震后快速替换和结构功能恢复。利用时程分析进行该结构截面的初选计算成本高,常用侧向力分布方式与时程分析的分析结果差异以及对该结构设计安全性的影响需要评估。利用SAP2000软件对1个30层含耗能梁段钢框筒进行了双向地震下的时程分析和五种侧向力分布方式的Pushover分析,并比较了"三水准"下的楼层位移、层间位移角、层剪力、层倾覆弯矩、性能点,以及大震下的柱轴力、塑性铰分布,并评价了各侧向力分布方式的影响和给出了该结构的一些设计建议。研究表明:各侧向力分布在含耗能梁段钢框筒的性能评估中有一定的参考价值,单一侧向力分布均不足以预估它的性能,宜考虑两种或多种侧向力分布来评估其性能;大震下各侧向力分布的最大层间位移角明显高于时程均值,各侧向力分布下结构的延性系数约为2;在含耗能梁段钢框筒的初步设计中,可根据均匀分布、SRSS分布、高度等效分布初选构件截面,最后宜采用时程分析对截面进行校核。     

Optimum design of structures against earthquake by wavelet neural network and filter banks

Optimum design of structures for earthquake is achieved by simulated annealing. To reduce the computational work, a fast wavelet transform is used by means of which the number of points in the earthquake record is decreased. The record is decomposed into two parts. One part contains the low frequency of the record, and the other contains the high frequency of the record. The low‐frequency content is the effective part, since most of the energy of the record is contained in this part of the record. Thus, the low‐frequency part of the record is used for dynamic analysis. Then, using a wavelet neural network, the dynamic responses of the structures are approximated. By such approximation, the dynamic analysis of the structure becomes unnecessary in the process of optimization. The wavelet neural networks have been employed as a general approximation tool for the time history dynamic analysis. A number of structures are designed for optimal weight and the results are compared to those corresponding to the exact dynamic analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

时程信号的Hilbert-Huang变换与小波分析/

在简要介绍时程信号的小波分析和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)理论的基础上，通过地震波和其它时程信号实例，对比分析了小波变换和HHT变换结果. 比较显示:HHT变换和小波变换均能用于对非平稳的信号进行分析，并能捕捉到信号变化的主要特征；与受所选母波影响较大的小波分析不同，HHT变换得到的固有模态函数是直接从原始时程数据中分离出来的，它更能反映原始数据的固有特性；小波分析得到的谱的能量在频率范围内分布较广，而HHT变换的Hilbert谱的大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内，能清晰地刻画信号能量随时间、频率的分布. 因此，Hilbert-Huang变换不仅是对非平稳信号进行分析的有效方法，而且也是检测时程信号局部特征的有用工具.      

弹性能量半径演化谱及其在多自由度体系地震反应计算中的应用

目前用于结构抗震设计的反应谱仅能反映峰值反应,无法体现反应值随时间的变化。文中提出一种弹性能量半径演化谱,可反映线性单自由度体系弹性能量(即动能与弹性势能之和)随地震持时的变化,且其峰值近似等于结构峰值位移。文中给出了利用地震动演化功率谱得到该演化谱的方法并进一步发展了一种计算线性多自由度体系地震位移反应的新方法。通过两座框架结构的地震反应计算,将新方法与传统振型组合法及时程分析法的计算结果进行对比,发现对于振型稀疏结构,新方法计算结果与SRSS法接近;而对于振型密集结构,新方法计算结果较CQC法更精确,且避免了CQC法相关系数的复杂计算。     

Estimation of hysteretic energy demand using concepts of modal pushover analysis

Hysteretic energy dissipation in a structure during an earthquake is the key factor, besides maximum displacement, related to the amount of damage in it. This energy demand can be accurately computed only through a nonlinear time‐history analysis of the structure subjected to a specific earthquake ground acceleration. However, for multi‐story structures, which are usually modeled as multi‐degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, this analysis becomes computation intensive and time consuming and is not suitable for adopting in seismic design guidelines. An alternative method of estimating hysteretic energy demand on MDOF systems is presented here. The proposed method uses multiple ‘generalized’ or ‘equivalent’ single degree of freedom (ESDOF) systems to estimate hysteretic energy demand on an MDOF system within the context of a ‘modal pushover analysis’. This is a modified version of a previous procedure using a single ESDOF system. Efficiency of the proposed procedure is tested by comparing energy demands based on this method with results from nonlinear dynamic analyses of MDOF systems, as well as estimates based on the previous method, for several ground motion scenarios. Three steel moment frame structures, of 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐story configurations, are selected for this comparison. Bias statistics that show the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented. In addition to being less demanding on the computation time and complexity, the proposed method is also suitable for adopting in design guidelines, as it can use response spectra for hysteretic energy demand estimation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear response analyses of a soil–structure interaction system using transformed energy transmitting boundary in the time domain

The energy transmitting boundary used in programs such as FLUSH and ALUSH is a very accurate and useful technique for the earthquake response analysis of soil–structure interaction systems. However, it is applicable only to linear analyses or equivalent linear analyses, because it can be calculated only in the frequency domain. The author has proposed methods for transforming frequency-dependent impedance into the time domain. In this paper, an earthquake response analysis method for a soil–structure interaction system, using the energy transmitting boundary in the time domain, is proposed. First, the transform of the transmitting boundary matrices to the time domain using the methods proposed by the author is studied. Then, linear and nonlinear time history earthquake response analyses using the boundary are performed. Through these studies, the validity and efficiency of the proposed methods are confirmed.     

摩擦消能支撑钢框架结构的弹塑性地震反应时程分析

本文分析了摩擦消能支撑及框架主体结构弹塑性本构关系，并给出了动力时程分析的计算方法。同时，对六层钢框架模型做了各种工况下的地震反应时程分析。结果表明，摩擦消能支撑钢框架（FEDBF）比抗弯钢框架（MRF）的地震作用明显降低，尤其在强震作用下效果更加明显。     

Comparative assessment of nonlinear static and dynamic methods for analysing building response under sequential earthquake and tsunami

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of different dynamic and static approaches for assessing building performance under sequential earthquakes and tsunami. A 10-storey reinforced concrete seismically designed Japanese vertical evacuation structure is adopted as a case study for the investigation. The case study building is first assessed under sequential earthquake and tsunami nonlinear response history analyses: the first time this is done in the literature. The resulting engineering demand parameters are then compared with those obtained when the analysis procedure is systematically simplified by substituting different static approaches for the nonlinear response history analyses in both the earthquake and tsunami loading phases. Different unloading approaches are also tested for the cases when an earthquake pushover is adopted. The results show that an earthquake nonlinear response history analysis, followed by a transient free vibration and a tsunami variable depth pushover, provides the best alternative to full dynamic analyses in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This structural analysis combination is recommended and has the advantage that it does not require the tsunami inundation time history to be known in advance. The proposed double pushover approach is instead deemed only suitable for the collapse assessment of regular low to mid-rise buildings and for the development of collapse fragility functions. An important observation made is that sustained earthquake damage seems not to affect the tsunami resistance of the case study building when the fully dynamic analysis is carried out for the sequential loading. This observation will be the subject of future work.