“产业化节能建筑”住宅房屋结构的试验研究

"产业化节能建筑"住宅房屋以钢框架为主体结构,并采用钢筋混凝土轻质叠合楼板和整体预制复合外墙板。为研究这种房屋结构的抗震性能,进行了两层足尺结构模型的模拟地震振动台试验和有限元分析。对无墙板、X向外挂墙板和Y向外挂墙板三种不同结构状态,以及Y向外挂墙板时采用三种不同螺栓拧紧力矩的工况,分别输入三条实际地震动,按8度区调整其峰值加速度,测定模型结构的地震反应。对五种不同状况的模型结构进行有限元时程分析,研究结构的抗震性能以及外挂墙板对框架结构抗震性能的影响。试验和分析结果均表明,该房屋结构总体上具有较好的抗震性能,钢筋混凝土轻质叠合楼板和整体预制复合外墙板能够经受8度大震考验,墙板的不同螺栓拧紧力矩对结构的地震反应影响不大,轻质叠合楼板与梁柱的连接部位需要进一步加强。     

某6层钢框架加层房屋动静力学性能探讨

因房屋功能要求增加,对某六层钢框架房屋采用轻刚门架进行加层改造,经验算,基础及原结构不需进行加固,满足相关设计规范要求。利用有限元软件ETABS对上部主体结构进行了动静力学特性分析,探讨了加层前后静荷载下的承载力、变形,地震作用下结构自振频率、振型、层间位移角、加速度和破坏模式等性能变化,通过加设支撑改善结构刚度分布和动力特性,减小地震作用,使之满足相关设计规范要求,为类似加层改造工程提供设计参考。     

基于灰关联与人工神经网络综合评价模型的多层砖房震害预测

结合几次大地震中多层砖房的实际震害资料,基于灰关联识别方法,解析了各影响因子对多层砖房抗震性能的影响程度。以反映结构抗震性能的各类物理参数作为输入数据,以给定地震动峰值加速度下建筑物破坏状态的概率作为输出数据,采用8-6-5层结构,建立了基于BP人工神经网络的非线性模型,并对震害样本进行了训练。结果表明:利用灰关联分析,可得出各因子对多层砖房抗震性能影响程度的大小排序,有利于实际的工程抗震设计;基于BP人工神经网络模型的多层砖房的震害预测结果与震害实例的实际情况比较吻合,其思路和方法可推广于其他不同类型的建筑结构的震害预测。     

带加强层超高层建筑结构基于能力谱法的抗震设计

带加强层结构在加强层处的刚度发生剧变,从而引起侧向荷载下结构内力分布及变形的相应变化,地震作用下此类结构容易形成薄弱层,因而抗震性能较差。同时,带加强层的建筑物很多属于超限复杂高层建筑结构,无法直接套用规范方法进行抗震设计。根据带加强层高层建筑结构的受力变形特点及国内外研究者的研究成果,结合模态推覆分析理论和能力谱抗震设计方法,本文对带加强层高层建筑结构的受力变形性能作了详细的分析,提出此类结构基于能力谱法的抗震设计方法。此法采用受力层间侧移角作为性能指标,并针对加强层和普通楼层采用了不同的性能水准量化值,根据结构特点以底部和加强层上部两层楼作为薄弱层进行验算,最后通过算例验证所提方法的可行性。     

基于位移的底部框架-抗震墙房屋抗震能力分析

在基于性能/位移抗震设计思想下,通过动力时程分析,研究了底部两层框剪砖房结构在不同地震强度作用下的弹塑性反应和变形特征;针对《规范》中对底部两层框剪砖房结构侧向刚度比的限定条件,研究了不同侧向刚度比条件下结构的抗震能力,得到了相关结论。     

大跨度钢桁架转换层结构的竖向地震反应分析

对某一带钢桁架转换层的复杂高层结构进行了有限元建模,分别采用振型分解反应谱法、时程分析法和《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)的设计反应谱法对大跨高位钢桁架转换层结构的竖向地震响应进行了分析.对采用振型分解反应谱法计算此类结构响应时所要选取的振型数及振型组合方法进行了探讨,并对规范采用10％的重力荷载代表值...     

灰关联与人工神经网络在建筑物震害预测中的应用

基于灰关联识别方法,解析了各震害影响因子对多层砖房抗震性能的影响程度;并利用BP人工神经网络非线性模型对震害实例样本进行了训练。结果表明:利用灰关联分析,可得出各因子对多层砖房抗震性能影响程度的大小排序,有利于实际的工程抗震设计;基于BP人工神经网络模型的多层砖房的震害预测结果与震害实例的实际情况比较吻合,其思路和方法可推广于其他不同类型的建筑结构的震害预测。     

带加强层高层建筑直接基于位移的抗震设计(Ⅰ)——方法理论

带加强层高层、超高层建筑结构目益增多,针对此类结构提出合理的抗震设计方法十分必要.根据模态理论考虑高阶振型对结构反应的贡献,基于较成熟的多层结构直接基于位移的抗震设计理论,提出了带加强层高层建筑结构直接基于位移的抗震设计方法.方法根据模态理论将结构各个振型分别等效为单自由度体系,计算各单自由度体系的地震响应,进而以振型...     

带加强层高层建筑结构地震作用的简化算法

采用振型分解反应谱法计算带加强层的高层、超高层建筑的地震作用时,通常需要考虑高阶振型的影响,于此类周期比较长、高阶振型影响显著的结构,往往需要考虑较多的振型,计算过程较为复杂.通过对带加强层高层建筑结构在侧向荷载作用下的受力和变形特点进行分析发现带加强层高层建筑结构在侧向荷载作用下内筒及外柱等构件的变形及内力在加强层处...     

基于典型工程实例对剪力墙抗震性能动力时程分析的提高研究

为提升剪力墙抗震性能分析精度,以某高层建筑工程楼体剪力墙为背景,将静力弹塑性分析方法与能量等效准则相结合,确定房屋剪力墙结构沿2个主轴方向的三线性恢复力参数,通过参数构建房屋剪力墙相近层模型。使用三维有限元模型模拟房屋剪力墙工程楼体,并采用相近层模型模拟该楼体三维有限元模型抗震性能的动力时程。结果表明,随着地震水平和楼层的增加,房屋剪力墙层间侧移角包络值和顶点侧移角包络值都在明显增加。设置黏滞流体阻尼器可改善房屋剪力墙受两种地震波的作用,在Ⅸ度罕见地震作用下,房屋剪力墙结构的X向减震效果比Y向好,房屋剪力墙X向和Y向层间位移角的最大减震率分别约为38%与18%。     

建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑对其抗震加固性能的影响

当前方法采用伸臂桁架加固建筑结构时,未考虑建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑力的影响,伸臂桁架与建筑结构的连接不牢固,导致其对建筑结构的抗震加固性能较差。故此,深入分析建筑结构的屈曲约束支撑对其抗震加固性能的影响,设计建筑结构抗震加固方案,利用高强螺栓节点经由连接钢板实现屈曲约束支撑与建筑结构的铰接固定。分别从支撑变形同建筑结构层间位移的关系、建筑结构支撑承载力、多遇地震影响下屈曲约束支撑框架的位移验算,以及罕遇地震影响下屈曲约束支撑的弹塑性位移验算方面,分析屈曲约束支撑对建筑结构抗震加固性能影响。经实验分析得出,建筑结构加入屈曲约束支撑后第一扭转周期同第一平动周期的比值降低0.14,X、Y两个方向的砌体墙同建筑结构的刚度比值降低6.9、8.0,最大顶点位移值降低15.4 mm、29.3 mm,抗震加固性能大大提高。     

填充墙对底框结构地震反应的影响

为研究填充墙对底层框架多层砌体房屋地震反应的影响,以典型的填充墙-底层框架多层砌体房屋为基础,建立有限元计算模型并进行了弹塑性动力时程分析。根据不同模型的计算结果以及填充墙的刚度和强度,分析了填充墙对底层框架多层砌体房屋自振周期、地震作用下房屋整体变形、底层框架的损伤以及填充墙与底层框架相互作用的影响。计算结果表明：填充墙对房屋整体地震反应产生明显影响,其影响不能忽略。在上部砌体结构质量和刚度不变的情况下,结构自振周期随着填充墙刚度的增加而降低;随着填充墙与底层框架之间连接作用的增强,结构整体的变形减小,底层框架的损伤增大。当填充墙与底层框架之间采用弱连接时,采用强度较高的填充墙可以提高结构整体的变形能力,从而提高结构整体的抗震能力。     

底部两层框架基础隔震建筑非线性动力分析

实际震害表明,建筑物主要受水平地震作用影响。本文基于有限元理论,采用大型有限元分析软件SAP2000 Non linear建立了底部两层框架上部砌体非隔震结构和基础隔震结构的实体模型,并采用非线性时程分析法对此模型进行了两个水平向地震作用的分析。结果表明,底部两层框架上部砌体结构采用基础隔震技术后,结构的水平地震反应明显低于相应非隔震结构。尤其是刚度突变的转换层,隔震后水平地震反应降低很多。     

Seismic response of a case study soft story frame retrofitted using a GIB system

This paper presents results from a numerical investigation into the seismic retrofit of a soft story frame using a novel gapped‐inclined brace (GIB) system. The GIB system consists of a pinned brace and a gap element that is added to the first story columns of the frame. The inclusion of GIB elements in addition to increasing the lateral capacity of columns at the first story increases the post‐yield stiffness ratio of the system and reduces the P‐delta effects on the columns, while not increasing the first story lateral resistance or stiffness. This allows for the isolating benefits of the soft story to protect the upper floors of the structure from damage while avoiding excessive deformations and reducing the propensity for collapse. A six‐story RC frame with masonry infills on all floors except for the first floor is studied. The dynamic response of the retrofitted building using the GIB system is investigated numerically and is compared with the response of the original un‐retrofitted building and the same building in which masonry infills are added to the first story to mitigate the soft story response. Results from the nonlinear time‐history analyses indicate that the GIB system could provide a reliable seismic retrofit mechanism for soft story buildings, which greatly reduces the likelihood of collapse by increasing the displacement capacity of the soft storey and by reducing P‐delta effects, while minimizing the overall damage and losses in the building by taking advantages of the isolation that is provided by the soft story to the rest of the structure located above. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Building damage in Dujiangyan during Wenchuan Earthquake

A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage.     

Seismic evaluation of earthquake resistance and retrofitting measures for two story masonry houses

This paper discusses on the shaking table test results of two 1:4 scale model of two-story masonry structure typically used in constructing low-rise residential buildings. This test is performed to provide a better understanding of the seismic behavior of the PP-band (polypropylene band) mesh retrofitted adobe masonry house. The test structure is subjected to a series of different levels of harmonic motion that applied along the longitudinal direction. The results of the shaking table tests on building models show that the PP-band retrofitting technique can enhance the safety of masonry buildings, even during severe ground motion.     

Shaking table tests and dynamic analyses of masonry wall buildings with frame-shear walls at lower stories

This paper describes shaking table tests of three eight-story building models： all are masonry structures in the upper stories, with or without frame-shear walls of one- or two- stories at the bottom. The test results of damage characteristics and seismic responses are provided and compared. Then, nonlinear response analyses are conducted to examine the reliability of the dynamic analysis. Finally, many nonlinear response analyses are performed and it is concluded that for relatively hard sites under a certain lateral stiffness ratio （i.e., the ratio of the stiffness of the lowest upper masonry story to that of the frame- shear wall story）, the masonry structure with one-story frame-shear wall at the bottom performs better than a structure built entirely of masonry, and a masonry structure with frame-shear wall of two stories performs better than with one-story frame- shear wall. In relatively soft soil conditions, all three structures have similar performane. In addition, some suggestions that could be helpful for design of masonry structures with ground story of frame-shear wall structure in seismic intensity region VII, such as the appropriate lateral stiffness ratio, shear force increase factor of the frame-shear wall story, and permissible maximum height of the building, are proposed.     

城市典型建筑的地震损失预测方法Ⅰ: 结构易损性分析

地震作用下结构的易损性分析是地震灾害损失预测方法的重要组成部分。本文针对多层砌体房屋结构、排架结构和多层钢筋混凝土结构等3种城市典型建筑,首先给出了该类单体建筑的地震结构易损性分析方法,然后对群体建筑的地震易损性分析方法,以及群体建筑的易损性分类方法进行了探讨,为城市典型建筑的地震灾害损失预测和评估提供参考,并为宁波市抗震防灾规划的地震损失预测提供基础。     

组合墙结构房屋抗震性能的振动台试验研究

通过三个组合墙模型房屋的振动台试验，分析了组合墙结构体系房屋的动力性能和抗震能力，比较了底一层和底两层框架组合墙房屋和普通组合墙房屋的抗震性能。结果表明，八层组合墙房屋的抗震能力远远超过设计能力，可用于八度地区，底框架组合墙房屋的抗震性能优于普通组合墙房屋，底两层框架组合墙房屋也优于底一层框架组合墙房屋。