Diagenetic conditions and geological significance of weakly fractionation I -type granodiorite closely related to W-Mo mineralization in Zhuxiling,southern Anhui Province,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

江南钨矿带是近年来中国新发现W矿床最多的成矿区带之一,是近年研究热点地区。该钨矿带的东部主要发育与弱分异Ⅰ型花岗质岩石密切相关的W-Mo矿床,其成岩成矿机制和条件还不清楚,成岩条件研究是该类型矿床成岩成矿模型研究的基础。因此本文以竹溪岭W-Mo多金属矿床为例,利用角闪石-斜长石温度计、角闪石全Al压力计,角闪石氧逸度计算和黑云母氧逸度投图结果,限定花岗闪长岩的成岩条件,在此基础上,探讨成岩模式。结果显示:早期结晶的角闪石结晶温度为849-881℃,压力为241-330MPa,对应结晶深度9.11-12.4km,logf_(02)=-12.8--12.2;角闪石主结晶阶段的温度为774-841℃,压力为123-209MPa,对应结晶深度为4.40-7.90km, logf_(02)=-13.9--12.7;黑云母结晶时的氧逸度logf_(02)≈-15.0--13.0;显示岩浆从早期到晚期,由深而浅,温度不断降低,氧逸度不断升高。角闪石、黑云母矿物化学特征显示,壳幔岩浆混合作用是竹溪岭花岗闪长岩的主要成岩机制,岩浆上侵过程中经历了两期角闪石结晶事件。江南钨矿带W-Mo多金属矿床的成岩成矿与晚侏罗世古太平洋板块(Izanagi板块)的俯冲作用密切相关。     

幔源岩浆氧化还原状态及对岩浆矿床成矿的制约

岩浆的氧化还原状态是控制许多基本地质过程的关键热动力学参数之一。估算玄武质岩浆和源区岩石氧化还原状态的常用方法主要包括多价元素的价态、多价元素的分配系数、共存矿物对的化学平衡和全岩化学比值。岩石学实验的深入和分析技术手段的快速发展使精确估算岩浆氧逸度成为可能。这有力地促进了对地幔源区成分、岩浆的部分熔融程度和熔融方式与分异演化历史,以及岩浆矿床的成因机制及成矿过程的研究。幔源岩浆的氧化还原状态复杂多变,不仅与构造背景有关,还与地幔深度(压力)、交代作用和部分熔融有着密切联系。而在岩浆到达浅部地壳后,结晶分异、岩浆去气和同化混染等过程也能不同程度地改变岩浆的氧逸度。因此,即使来自同一构造背景的幔源岩浆也呈现出明显的氧逸度不均一性。氧逸度的高低对源区部分熔融过程中金属元素的地球化学行为、岩浆的分异演化趋势、Fe-Ti-V氧化物饱和时间的早晚和S在岩浆中的溶解度具有明显的控制作用。因此,岩浆的氧逸度对钒钛磁铁矿矿床和汇聚板块边缘的岩浆硫化物矿床的成矿过程具有显著的影响。     

邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中磷灰石的成因矿物学研究

氧逸度为有效的氧分压,是实验岩石学中重要的研究课题,岩浆的氧逸度是继温度、压力、浓度等影响成岩成矿过程的关键性物理化学参数。本文利用磷灰石的氧逸度计,对邯邢地区六大主要岩体的岩浆氧逸度进行了计算。研究结果显示,样品中的磷灰石主要为羟-氟磷灰石,磷灰石的形态、成分和结构特征指示其为岩浆成因。磷灰石中的Mn元素在晶格中有两种方式,多以Mn3＋和Mn5＋的方式进入晶格。磷灰石氧逸度计计算的logfo2为-12.31~-9.75,均值-11.02。参考与磷灰石共生角闪石的形成温度,认为邯邢地区岩浆岩普遍具有较高的氧逸度。根据磷灰石氧逸度值与矿床规模的填图结果,认为并非氧逸度越高越有利于邯邢式铁矿的形成。结合矿物学填图等值线闭合的趋势,进而推断邯邢地区中部的符山和武安岩体深部可能仍存在较好的找矿远景。     

云南春都斑岩铜矿床岩体氧逸度特征

<正>岩浆氧逸度是岩浆结晶分异时氧化还原状态的一个重要表征参数,研究表明岩浆的氧逸度对多种金属的成矿起明显的制约作用,尤其体现在铜、金等亲硫元素矿床的形成过程中。岩浆氧逸度有多种测试方法,常通过所含矿物变价元素的价态来确定,但受后期风化作用和热液作用的影响较大。Ballard et al.(2002)最早提出利用锆石中Ce4+/Ce3+比值来计算岩浆结晶分异时的相对氧逸度。锆石是中酸性岩浆中广泛存在的副矿物,具有良好的抗风化和抗热液蚀变能力,其中变价元素Ce对氧化还原环境敏     

地球氧逸度

地球是一个"氧化性"的星球。在太阳系所有行星中,只有地球大气中含有高浓度的O_2(约占21%)。研究表明,地球演化的早期,其大气组成与火星等类地行星相似,都是以CO_2为主,O_2含量可以忽略不计。在大约24-21亿年前,地球大气中O_2含量突然大幅度升高,一度超过现今O_2含量的1%,而后又在中元古代回落到现今O_2含量的0.1%以下。沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素的含量变化显示,大约6.3亿年前雪球地球结束之后,地球大气中的O_2含量再次大幅度升高至20%左右,而后在显生宙经历一系列复杂变化并最终演化至现今的水平。Re/Os比值显示,硅酸盐地球的氧逸度远高于月球,也高于火星。考虑到月球与地球分异发生在45亿年前,月球的低氧逸度暗示地球早期的氧逸度可能也较低。可以影响地球氧逸度的元素主要有O、H、Fe、S和C等。控制地球氧逸度变化的主要过程包括:核幔分异、板块俯冲和火山喷发去气等。在核幔分异以前,金属Fe可能是控制硅酸盐地球及其表生环境低氧逸度的关键因素。核幔分异过程中,Fe是控制氧逸度变化的关键元素。核幔分异将金属Fe与铁氧化物分开,造成地幔Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)比值升高。尤其是在下地幔,Fe~(2+)在高压下发生歧化反应,形成金属Fe和Fe~(3+)。其中Fe~(3+)赋存在布里奇曼石中,导致下地幔氧逸度低。在板块俯冲过程中,当有板片进入下地幔时,布里奇曼石会因体积补偿,被运移到上地幔,并发生分解,释放出Fe~(3+),导致周围地幔氧逸度的升高。但是,V/Sc和Zn/Fe等元素比值则显示在过去30多亿年以来,地幔的氧逸度变化不大,可能与上、下地幔间氧化还原缓冲层或者是上述元素比值对氧逸度不够敏感有关。在地球演化早期,金刚石是最早形成的矿物。由于金刚石的密度在上地幔高于地幔橄榄岩熔体,而在下地幔小于地幔橄榄岩熔体,因此在岩浆海阶段,金刚石倾向于在上地幔底部富集,成为一个富金刚石的储层。在板块俯冲阶段,这些金刚石会被布里奇曼石分解所释放的Fe~(3+)所氧化,形成富碳酸盐和CO:的层位,同时起到稳定上地幔氧逸度的作用。俯冲带地幔橄榄岩和岛弧火山岩的氧逸度均高于板内环境,因此一般认为板块俯冲会导致氧逸度升高。在板块俯冲过程中,氧逸度主要受到Fe和H_2O(水分解释放出H_2)的控制。蚀变大洋岩石圈中含有大量的H_2O,板块俯冲过程中脱水会导致地幔楔蛇纹石化。蛇纹石化过程会形成磁铁矿,释放出味,使局部在短时间内氧逸度降低。但是,由于H_2很容易逸散到大气中,而磁铁矿则保留在地幔楔中,其结果导致岩石中Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)比值升高,从而在发生部分熔融时形成高氧逸度岩浆。板块俯冲对氧逸度的影响是多方面的,还与俯冲板块的年龄、沉积物的性质等有关。对于富含有机物的沉积物俯冲过程,C是主要的氧逸度控制元素。在板块俯冲的浅部,有机物分解,释放出CH_4等还原性气体,造成上覆岩石圈氧逸度下降。富含铁锰结核等氧化性沉积物的俯冲则可以导致地幔楔氧逸度的升高,这一过程中Fe和Mn是控制氧逸度的主要元素。火山喷发可以释放出CH_4、CO_2、H_2S和SO_2等气体,也可以影响大气中O_2的含量。有研究认为,火山气体中的H_2S随岩浆房压力增加而增加,SO_2则随压力的增加而减少,因此岩浆房压力可以影响其排气的氧化-还原性,进而影响大气的O_2含量。一种观点认为,正是由于太古宙末期大量出现陆相火山岩,导致了大氧化事件,在这一模型中,S是控制氧逸度的关键。氧逸度对多种成矿作用均具有重要的控制作用。其中,斑岩铜金矿床的形成往往与高氧逸度的埃达克岩有关。这是由于当岩浆的氧逸度高于AFMQ+1.5时,岩浆中S主要以硫酸盐的形式存在。由于硫酸盐在岩浆中的溶解度远远高于硫化物,因此,在俯冲洋壳部分熔融过程中形成的高氧逸度埃达克质岩浆可以熔出更多的亲硫元素,有利于成矿。锡矿床的形成则往往与还原性岩浆有关。这是因为在高氧逸度岩浆中,Sn主要呈Sn~(4+),易于在岩浆结晶早期进入矿物中;而在还原性岩浆中,Sn主要以Sn~(2+)形式存在,表现为不相容元素,倾向于在岩浆中富集,并在岩浆期后热液阶段富集成矿。其他氧化还原敏感元素,如U、V、Mo、Re、Sb和Fe等,可以在表生过程中富集,有利于进一步富集成矿。     

小秦岭金矿区花岗岩磷灰石-锆石对岩浆氧逸度的约束

小秦岭金矿区华山和文峪花岗岩体形成年龄与金成矿年龄相近,已知金矿多集中在文峪岩体周围,比较两岩体岩浆氧逸度的异同有利于判断其对金成矿影响的异同。本文利用两岩体磷灰石中锰离子价态和锆石钛含量,对岩浆的氧逸度进行了约束。计算表明,华山岩体成岩氧逸度lgf(O2)在-9.3^-5.1之间,而文峪岩体成岩氧逸度在-8.5^-6.1之间,均属大于HM缓冲线的高氧逸度环境。Au在还原状态易呈自然金而沉淀,氧化状态时易以Au+或Au3+迁移。故华山和文峪岩体的岩浆都不能对金形成地球化学障而使之分散。     

岩背花岗岩黑云母矿物化学研究及其对成矿意义的指示

对岩背火山-斑岩型锡矿含黄玉黑云母花岗岩和含黄玉花岗斑岩中黑云母矿物化学研究表明,含黄玉黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于富铁黑云母,含黄玉花岗斑岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母。含黄玉花岗斑岩的成岩温度为720℃~730℃,logfO2为-15.5~-15.7;含黄玉黑云母花岗岩的成岩温度为510℃~550℃,logfO2为-19.2~-18.7。含黄玉花岗斑岩成岩温度、氧逸度高于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩成岩温度和氧逸度。与含黄玉花岗斑共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为4.29~4.99,与含黄玉黑云母花岗岩共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为3.15~3.67。因此,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程中分异出的流体富F和Sn,即岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的原始流体以富F和Sn为特征,结合有关岩背Sn矿成矿流体的研究结果,进一步揭示出岩背Sn矿成矿流体为岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的岩浆热液,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩与锡成矿关系更密切。     

岩浆冷凝成岩阶段的氧逸度与华南热液型铀矿的成矿类型

文章根据多年积累的资料,着重分析了岩石氧化系数与岩浆冷凝成岩阶段的氧逸度以及与岩石铀含量之间的关系,得出岩浆冷凝成岩阶段的氧逸度,是造成华南以酸性岩浆岩为成矿母岩的铀矿床成矿类型差异的主因的结论.从理论上找出了各类型铀矿之间的内在联系,深化了成矿机理的认识,确认了华南存在岩浆热液型铀矿的可能性.     

新疆哈密黄山东镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体成因探讨

黄山东镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体热侵位于下石炭统干洞组变余含铁粉砂岩、生物碎屑灰岩之中,K-Ar法同位素地质年龄为280—300Ma。为同源岩浆经深部分异作用形成的复式岩体,可划分出两次侵入共四个相带。其源岩浆为上地幔石榴二辉橄榄岩经部分熔融形成的拉斑玄武岩浆。杂岩体的成岩作用受控于康古尔断裂带中不同级别的断裂构造,其成岩温度为1841—794℃;成岩压力为0.35—0.44GPa;成岩氧逸度为10~(-11·73)-10~(-13·80)。     

中酸性侵入岩的氧逸度计算

氧逸度是岩石物理化学的1个重要参数,对岩浆演化、岩石成因和岩浆热液成矿具有明显的控制作用。含有变价元素的矿物常被用来计算成岩与成矿过程中的氧逸度,但是不同方法之间的对比研究较少,各种方法的适用性还不明晰。作者对晋东北黑狗背花岗岩体的氧逸度进行了较为系统的研究,通过黑云母、角闪石、磁铁矿-钛铁矿矿物对和锆石的Ce异常的氧逸度计算,发现不同方法的估算结果存在较大的差异,甚至会得出完全相左的结论。其中,基于Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)比值的黑云母和磁铁矿-钛铁矿氧逸度计计算结果吻合度较高,可适用于中酸性侵入岩的氧逸度研究,而基于Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值的氧逸度计算方法可能受到母岩浆化学成分的影响,不适合应用于低镁侵入岩的氧逸度估算。     

扬子地块北缘新元古代望江山层状岩体矿物成分和铂族元素特征:对岩浆演化过程和构造环境的制约

望江山层状岩体位于扬子地块北缘新元古代汉南杂岩带中,岩体从底部到顶部由超镁铁质岩过渡为中性岩:底部主要由辉石岩和橄长岩组成;中部为辉长苏长岩和辉长岩;上部为辉长岩和闪长岩。研究以中部岩相带橄榄辉长苏长岩、辉长苏长岩和辉长岩为对象,通过主要矿物的主微量元素和全岩主微量元素的分析,查明望江山岩体来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩组成的大陆下岩石圈地幔,并且地幔源区受到了来自俯冲板片流体的交代,岩体中部带的母岩浆为拉斑玄武质岩浆。钛铁矿—磁铁矿矿物对成分计算表明,母岩浆在形成时具有较高氧逸度。通过单斜辉石压力计得到岩体的侵位深度约为12.9~18 km。对岩体母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶过程的模拟计算表明,中部带橄榄石为母岩浆经过~28%分离结晶的产物。此外,铂族元素（PGE）组成暗示岩体并未经历过大规模的硫化物熔离,可能与缺乏地壳物质混染有关。岩体中单斜辉石与岛弧环境堆晶岩中单斜辉石成分相似,不同于裂谷环境中堆晶单斜辉石的成分;同时,全岩Th/Yb和Nb/Yb比值也与岛弧玄武岩比值相似,因此矿物和全岩成分均说明望江山层状岩体应形成于岛弧环境。研究认为扬子北缘在新元古代长期的俯冲过程中,大洋板片断离导致软流圈上涌,提供热源使交代大陆下岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成具有岛弧特征的镁铁质岩浆,在局部伸展环境中上升侵位形成汉南杂岩带中镁铁—超镁铁质层状岩体。      

Petrology of the Treknattan intrusion in the Fongen-Hyllingen complex, Trondheim region, Norway: a late intrusion into an evolved layered complex

The basic-ultrabasic Treknattan intrusion is an important example of a late intrusion in a solidified, evolved, layered complex and sheds light on possible mechanisms by which such associations may develop. The Treknattan intrusion, emplaced into the basic Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion shortly after the latter had solidified, consists mainly of massive or weakly layered peridotite (olivine ± Cr-spinel cumulate) and troctolite (plagioclase + olivine ± Cr-spinel cumulate). The mineral compositional range partially overlaps the most primitive end of the much larger variation-interval in the Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion. The margin of the Treknattan intrusion is sometimes outlined by massive feldspathic websterite which appears to have formed by reaction between magma and melts of gabbroic country rock. The parental magma appears to have been a relatively water-rich picritic basalt with a possible genetic relationship to the magma parental to the enveloping Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion, both displaying tholeiitic relationship between olivine and Ca-poor pyroxene, and having crystallized from relatively water-rich magmas with an early crystallization order of olivine ± Cr-spinel-plagioclase-Ca-rich pyroxene. The recognition of the Treknattan intrusion as a separate body suggests that the bulk composition of the Fongen-Hyllingen intrusion is dioritic rather than gabbroic as previously thought.     

Magma influx and mixing in the Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion, South Norway: evidence from the boundary between two megacyclic units at Storeknuten

The Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion belongs to the Proterozoic anorthositic province in the Rogaland area of southern Norway. The northwestern part of the intrusion comprises a ca. 6 km-thick Layered Series made up of megacyclic units (MCU) arranged in a syncline; each megacyclic unit reflects the influx of fresh magma into the chamber. The boundary between megacyclic units III and IV has been studied in detail at Storeknuten on the southern flank of the syncline. The megacyclic units can be subdivided into a series of cumulate stratigraphic zones; the interval from the top of zone IIIe to the base of zone IVd is exposed in the Storeknuten area. Modally layered plagioclase-hypersthene-ilmenite-magnetite-augite-apatite cumulates belonging to zone IIIe are overlain by 30 m of massive plagioclase-rich rocks (commonly containing ilmenite and/or hypersthene) constituting zone IVa. The entry of cumulus olivine defines the base of zone IVb (dominantly plagioclase-olivine-ilmenite cumulates) which is about 100 m thick. Many of the olivines are partly or completely replaced by Ca-poor pyroxene/Fe---Ti oxide symplectites. This massive leucotroctolitic zone is overlain by modally layered, laminated plagioclase-hypersthene-ilmenite cumulates of zone IVc. The successive entry of magnetite, apatite (accompanied by Ca-rich pyroxene) and inverted pigeonite defines zones IVd, e and f respectively. The entry of K-feldspar (accompanied by Fe-rich olivine) defines the base of a jotunitic transition zone which passes upwards into mangerites and quartz mangerites.

There is a compositional regression through zone IVa. The upper part of zone IIIe has Ca-poor pyroxene with about En68, plagioclase with An44–48 and a Sr-isotope ratio of about 0.7062, while the base of zone IVb has olivine with Fo75 together with En78, An53 and 0.7050 respectively. Similar reversals are shown by the minor element compositions of plagioclase and Fe---Ti oxides. Sr-isotope ratios increase systematically up through zone IVb (reaching 0.7058 in zone IVd) while An% and Sr in plagioclase and Ni and Cr in Fe---Ti oxides decrease. Olivine compositions vary unsystematically and are believed to have changed their Fe:Mg ratios as a result of trapped liquid shift.

The magma residing in the chamber when the influx at the base of megacyclic unit IV took place was compositionally zoned, and assimilation of gneissic country rock at the roof had resulted in the Sr-isotope ratio increasing up through the magma column. The new magma had a Sr-isotope ratio of about 0.7050 while the resident magma had a ratio of 0.7062 at the floor, increasing upwards. The new magma mixed with the basal layer(s) of the compositionally zoned resident magma and crystallization of this hybrid magma during influx and mixing produced the compositional regression in zone IVa. When magma influx ceased, olivine-bearing rocks began to crystallize at the base of zone IVb. The leucotroctolites at the base of this zone are the most primitive rocks in the entire intrusion. The systematic increase in Sr-isotope ratios up through zone IVb resulted from progressive mixing between new and resident magma. This mixing either took place during magma influx or by the progressive mixing of overlying resident magma layers during crystallization.

Calculations based on geochemical modelling, the thickness of cumulate stratigraphy repeated and Sr-isotope ratios indicate that the new magma influx had a thickness of 350–500 m in the Storeknuten section and that the leucotroctolites of zone IVb represent about 20–30% crystallization of this influx.     

层状侵入体及其韵律层成因

层状侵入体以其独特的韵律结构记录了岩浆的演化分异过程。围绕韵律层理的成因 ,不同学者提出了很多成层机制 ,归纳起来大体有两类 :一类与岩浆流动和动力成层有关 ,包括流动分异、对流成层、化学成因等 ;另一类为非动力成层机制 ,主要有火成堆积、重力分异、压实作用和固化收缩等观点。影响韵律形成的因素很多 ,通常包括岩浆成分、对流作用、扩散作用、热梯度、氧逸度、温度和压力等。在评述这些成层机制和影响因素的基础上 ,结合攀枝花层状侵入体的特点 ,认为该岩体的韵律结构是在岩浆的固化收缩和压实作用下 ,晶体定向生长和自组织排列的结果 ,是二元 (辉石 ,斜长石 )、固 (岩石 )—液 (岩浆 )相转变系统中动量、能量和物种质量的复杂耦合所形成的分形自组织现象。对层状侵入体的进一步研究应集中在加强实验 (尤其是高温高压实验 )、引入非线性分析以及与成矿研究相结合等方面。     

Chemical composition of rock-forming minerals and crystallization physicochemical conditions of the Middle Eocene I-type Haji Abad pluton,SW Buin-Zahra,Iran

The Haji Abad intrusion is a well-exposed Middle Eocene I-type granodioritc pluton in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA). The major constituents of the investigated rocks are K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor Fe–Ti oxide and hornblende. The plagioclase compositions fall in the labradorite, andesine, and oligoclase fields. The amphiboles range in composition from magnesio-hornblende to tremolite–hornblende of the calcic-amphibole group. Most pyroxenes principally plot in the field of diopside. The calculated average pressure of emplacement is 1.9 kbar for the granodioritic rocks, crystallizing at depths of about 6.7 km. The highest pressure estimated from clinopyroxene geobarometry (5 kbar) reflects initial pyroxene crystallization pressure, indicating initial crystallization depth (17.5 km) in the Haji Abad granodiorite. The estimated temperatures using two-feldspar thermometry give an average 724 °C. The calculated average temperature for clinopyroxene crystallization is 1090 °C. The pyroxene temperatures are higher than the estimated temperature by feldspar thermometry, indicating that the pyroxene and feldspar temperatures represent the first and late stages of magmatic crystallization of Haji Abad granodiorite, respectively. Most pyroxenes plot above the line of Fe³⁺?=?0, indicating they crystallized under relatively high oxygen fugacity or oxidized conditions. Furthermore, the results show that the Middle Eocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with H₂O content about 3.2 wt%. The relatively high water content is consistent with the generation environment of HAG rocks in an active continental margin and has allowed the magma to reach shallower crustal levels. The MMEs with ellipsoidal and spherical shapes show igneous microgranular textures and chilled margins, probably indicating the presence of magma mixing. Besides, core to rim compositional oscillations (An and FeO) for the plagioclase crystals serve as robust evidence to support magma mixing. The studied amphiboles and pyroxenes are grouped in the subalkaline fields that are consistent with crystallization from I-type calc-alkaine magma in the subduction environment related to active continental margin. Mineral chemistry data indicate that Haji Abad granodiorites were generated in an orogenic belt related to the volcanic arc setting consistent with the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the central Iranian microcontinent.     

Interaction of magma with sedimentary wall rock and magnetite ore genesis in the Panzhihua mafic intrusion,SW China

In southwestern China, several large magmatic Fe–Ti–V oxide ore deposits are hosted by gabbroic intrusions associated with the Emeishan flood basalts. The Panzhihua gabbroic intrusion, a little deformed sill that contains a large titanomagnetite deposit at its base, concordantly intrudes late-Proterozoic dolostones. Mineralogical and chemical studies of the contact aureole in the footwall dolostones demonstrate that the metamorphism was largely isochemical but released large quantities of CO₂ as the rocks were converted to marble and skarns during intrusion of the gabbroic magma. Petrological modelling of the crystallization of the intrusion, using H₂O-poor Emeishan basalt as parent magma, shows that under normal conditions, Fe–Ti oxides crystallize at a late stage, after the crystallization of abundant olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase. In order for titanomagnetite to separate efficiently to form the ore deposit, this mineral must have crystallized earlier and close to the liquidus. We propose that CO₂-rich fluids released during decarbonatization of sedimentary floor rocks passed up through the magma. Redox equilibria calculations show that when magma with the composition of Emeishan basalt is fluxed by a CO₂-rich gas phase, its equilibrium oxygen fugacity (fO₂) increases from the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer (FMQ) to FMQ + 1.5. From experimental constraints on magnetite saturation in basaltic magma under controlled fO₂, such an oxidizing event would allow magnetite to crystallize near to the liquidus, leading to the formation of the deposit.     

东昆仑东段哈拉尕吐花岗岩基岩浆混合作用:来自岩石学和矿物学约束

哈拉尕吐花岗岩基位于东昆仑东段,其中花岗闪长岩岩浆混合作用明显,是研究岩浆混合作用的良好对象.从岩石学、岩相学和矿物化学等方面对哈拉尕吐花岗岩基进行了详细研究.电子探针结果显示:寄主岩斜长石的An值同相对应包体中斜长石捕掳晶近似;包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断;部分包体中浅色基质斜长石的An值与具核边结构斜长石的边部近似;辉长闪长岩中斜长石具较高的An值.寄主岩角闪石同相对应包体中角闪石捕掳晶的结晶温度、压力和氧逸度较为接近;包体中基质角闪石的结晶温度和压力低于寄主岩角闪石,氧逸度稍高于寄主岩角闪石;辉长闪长岩角闪石具有最高的结晶温度和压力及最低的氧逸度.哈图沟剖面和德福胜剖面寄主岩中的斜长石和角闪石的成分具有一定差别.岩浆不同期次侵入结晶和岩浆自身演化,使不同地点斜长石和角闪石的成分和物理化学特征具有一定变化.镁铁质岩浆位于地壳深部,氧逸度较低,使结晶的角闪石具有较高的形成压力和较低的氧逸度,斜长石具较高An值;随着镁铁质岩浆注入寄主岩,由于环境突变,使斜长石受到熔蚀;由于岩浆上侵以及两种岩浆物理化学性质差别较大,导致温度、压力和水饱和度降低,氧逸度升高,使包体中残留岩浆快速结晶,形成具核边结构、浅色均一的斜长石,以及结晶程度较差、较高氧逸度的角闪石.      

氧逸度对攀枝花岩体成岩成矿作用的制约:来自锆石微量元素的证据

本文报道了攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿含矿岩体边缘岩相带中的苦橄玢岩和岩体中淡色辉长岩的锆石微量元素特征。结果表明二者所含锆石都具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,以及轻稀土元素亏损和重稀土元素富集的特征,其Th/U比值为0.35～3.23,都属于典型的岩浆锆石。本次研究利用最新实验标定的锆石氧逸度计对苦橄玢岩和淡色辉长岩的氧逸度进行了估算。估算结果表明苦橄玢岩和淡色辉长岩均具较高的氧逸度,分别为QFM+0.3～QFM+2.5和QFM+0.7～QFM+3(QFM为石英-铁橄榄石-磁铁矿缓冲剂)。苦橄玢岩作为来自深部岩浆房侵入到攀枝花主岩体的富橄榄石"晶粥体",其高氧逸度的特征反映出攀枝花岩体的原生岩浆以及地幔源区是相对氧化的,而导致这一结果的原因很可能与古老俯冲事件导致的地幔交代作用有关。通过地幔柱-岩石圈相互作用,在较高氧逸度下发生部分熔融形成了铁质苦橄岩及其堆晶作用产物苦橄玢岩。此外,淡色辉长岩的氧逸度也显示出较高的特征,这说明这种氧化的特征很可能是贯穿了整个成岩过程的,对钒钛磁铁矿成矿,特别是导致铁钛氧化物早期结晶起到了不可忽视的作用。     

Study of oxygen fugacity during magma evolution and ore genesis in the Hongge mafic–ultramafic intrusion,the Panxi region,SW China

Economic concentrations of Fe–Ti oxides occurring as massive layers in the middle and upper parts of the Hongge intrusion are different from other layered intrusions (Panzhihua and Baima) in the Emeishan large igneous province, SW China. This paper reports on the new mineral compositions of magnetite and ilmenite for selected cumulate rocks and clinopyroxene and plagioclase for basalts. We use these data to estimate the oxidation state of parental magmas and during ore formation to constrain the factors leading to the abundant accumulation of Fe–Ti oxides involved with the Hongge layered intrusion. The results show that the oxygen fugacities of parental magma are in the range of FMQ?1.56 to FMQ+0.14, and the oxygen fugacities during the ore formation of the Fe–Ti oxides located in the lower olivine clinopyroxenite zone (LOZ) and the middle clinopyroxenite zone (MCZ) of the Hongge intrusion are in the range of FMQ?1.29 to FMQ?0.2 and FMQ?0.49 to FMQ+0.82, respectively. The MELTS model demonstrates that, as the oxygen fugacity increases from the FMQ?1 to FMQ+1, the proportion of crystallization magnetite increases from 11 % to 16 % and the crystallization temperature of the Fe–Ti oxides advances from 1134 to 1164 °C. The moderate oxygen fugacities for the Hongge MCZ indicate that the oxygen fugacity was not the only factor affecting the crystallization of Fe–Ti oxides. We speculated that the initial anhydrous magma that arrived at the Hongge shallow magma chamber became hydrous by attracting the H₂O of the strata. In combination with increasing oxygen fugacities from the LOZ (FMQ?1.29 to FMQ?0.2) to the MCZ (FMQ?0.49 to FMQ+0.82), these two factors probably account for the large-scale Fe–Ti oxide ore layers in the MCZ of the Hongge intrusion.     

Paleoproterozoic emplacement and Cambrian ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism of a layered magmatic intrusion from the Central Madurai Block,southern India: From Columbia to Gondwana

The Madurai Block in the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)of Peninsular India is one of the largest crustal blocks within the Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly.This block is composed of three sub-blocks:the Neoarchean Northern Madurai block,Paleoproterozoic Central Madurai block and the dominantly Neoproterozoic Southern Madurai Block.The margins of these blocks are well-known for the occurrence of ultrahigh-temperature(UHT)granulite facies rocks mostly represented by Mg-Al metasediments.Here we report a dismembered layered mafic–ultramafic intrusion occurring in association with Mg-Al granulites from the classic locality of Ganguvarpatti in the Central Madurai Block.The major rock types of the layered intrusion include spinel orthopyroxenite,garnet-bearing gabbro,gabbro and gabbroic anorthosite showing rhythmic stratification and cumulate texture.The orthopyroxene-cordierite granulite from the associated Mg-Al layer is composed of spinel,cordierite and orthopyroxene.The pyroxene in both rock units is high-Al orthopyroxene formed under UHT metamorphic conditions.Conventional thermobarometry yields near-peak metamorphic conditions of 9.5–10 kbar pressure and a minimum temperature of 980℃.We computed P–T pseudosections and contoured for the compositional as well as modal isopleths of the major mineral phases,which yield temperature above 1000℃.FMAS petrogenetic grid,Al-in-orthopyroxene isopleth,conventional thermobarometry and calculated pseudosection reveal a clockwise pressure–temperature(P–T)path and near isothermal decompression.The U–Pb data on zircon grains from the layered magmatic suite indicate emplacement of the protolith at ca.2.0 Ga and the metamorphic overgrowths yield weighted ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U mean ages ca.520 Ma.Monazite from the garnet-bearing gabbro and Opx-Crd granulite yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean ages of ca.532 Ma and 523 Ma marking the timing of metamorphism.We correlate the layered intrusion to a Paleoproterozoic suprasubduction zone setting,defining the Ganguvarpatti area as part of a collisional suture assembling the Northern and Central Madurai Blocks.The Paleoproterozoic magmatism and late Neoproterozoic-Cambrian UHT metamorphism can be linked to the tectonics of the Columbia and Gondwana supercontinents.