基于高考评价体系的地理科备考教学规划

基于高考评价体系及其学科化实施路径,提出地理科备考教学研究思路,规划"基于要素解读的系统复习""基于多元适宜的专题整合""基于学科思维的冲刺提升"三个备考阶段,以各阶段的核心课型、实施要点与阶段检测回应高考评价体系的考查内容、要求与载体。在此基础上,在具体备考实施中建议创设真实问题情境、开展地理项目学习、提升问题解决能力,在思维发展、探究实践与认知冲突中落实学科素养的培育。     

基于高考评价体系的地理试题考查方式探析——以2020年高考全国卷地理试题为例

根据高考评价体系及其学科化实施路径,构建地理考试评价体系的内涵构成。据此分析2020年全国卷地理试题,其考查内容注重学科素养的蕴育,强调在问题解决中考查关键能力;考查要求凸显应用性与创新性,强调在学问论道中体悟核心价值;考查载体聚焦生活实践与学术情境,强调在真实情境中涵育学科素养。     

高考评价体系对试题情境设计的启发——以2022年全国乙卷和广东卷地理试题为例

问题情境设计是教育工作者对真实问题情境的二次加工,既蕴含了真实问题情境的核心价值、时代背景,也凝结了设计团队对问题情境的评价功能的思考。生活实践情境拉近了问题与现实的距离,而学习探索情境则提升了问题的专业品位。两者的耦合设计充分体现了立德树人的基本要求,将素养提升、考查工作贯穿到学生对问题情境的信息获取、知识整合以及认知操作的全过程中,实现知识（信息）获取能力与思维认知能力在考查、培养上的统一,进一步提高育人选才的有效性、引领性。     

基于高考真题视角 探索地理试题情境

随着新课程、新高考的推进,地理高考命题越来越注重试题情境的创设和呈现方式。每一道试题都需要通过考生与情境素材的互动,完成相关情境任务,解决现实的复杂问题,从而实现核心素养考查。本文从选择多样化和真实性的素材、创设创新性和开放性的任务、设计挑战性和待解决的问题以及培养学生地理学科核心素养四个维度探索地理试题情境,以期发挥地理高考对学生价值取向的积极作用。     

刍议高考地理试题对关键能力的考查——以2021年全国高考文综(乙卷)地理试题为例

《中国高考评价体系》是指导高考内容改革和命题工作的测评体系,旨在全面回答"为什么考,考什么,怎么考"的问题,高考评价体系的"四层"(核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识)确定了高考的考查内容,其中关键能力基于素养导向,承接学科素养,结合学生认知发展实际,确立了三个方面的关键能力群.文章以2021年全国高考文综地理(乙卷)为例,分析高考试题如何考查学生关键能力,如何刻画学生素养水平.     

基于真实情境的高三地理备考转型的策略探析 ——以"河流地貌"专题复习为例

《中国高考评价体系》指出：“高考是以学科核心素养为导向,注重不同情境下学生学科能力考查的选拔性考试。”针对高三复习课普遍存在的低效、重复、模式化、题海战等问题,本文以“河流地貌”专题复习为例,通过问题进阶设计与真实情境的融合,合理配置课前复习任务和课堂探究活动,引导学生深度学习,以期发展学生高阶思维、提升学生地理核心素养。     

PBL-CBL联合教学法在地理高考专题复习中的应用——以“大气”专题为例

根据地理考试评价体系，新高考改革后的地理试题多以真实情境下的实际问题为载体，考查要求也更加注重对学生关键能力与地理核心素养的考查。PBL-CBL联合教学法基于真实案例分析，以问题为导向，能够引导学生在小组合作探究的过程中构建知识框架。本文将PBL-CBL联合教学法应用于“大气”专题的复习，以极端高温为例，通过提出问题、创设情境、问题探究、案例研讨和评价反思等环节设计专题课程，旨在触发学生的深入学习，提高高考备考效率。     

高考地理题在地理课堂教学中的运用

正新课程改革以后,高考地理题注重考查学生的地理学习能力和学科素养,同时也反映出考查地理基本知识、基本原理、基本技能、思维能力和分析解决地理问题的能力。高考地理题作为一种特殊的教学资源,笔者认为认真研读高考地理题可以很好地引领学生成长。     

基于综合思维和区域认知素养的地理原创命题实践——以“我国民营企业入驻西哈努克经济特区”为例

高考评价体系确立核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识为考查内容,地理课程标准提出建立基于地理学科核心素养发展的学习评价体系。综合思维、区域认知是地理学科的基本思想方法,与人地协调观、地理实践力构成相互联系的有机整体。基于综合思维素养设计的试题有利于培养学生从整体的角度,全面、系统、动态地分析和认识地理环境;基于区域认知素养设计的试题有利于培养学生从区域的角度,分析和认识地理环境,并从多角度认识地理环境与人类活动的关系。     

江苏省地理高考试题时事热点分析及应对策略

正江苏省地理高考试题以"密切关注国内外时事热点问题,突出地理学科能力的考查,体现回归生活、学以致用的新课程理念"为特点,充分体现了其"坚持以能力立意为主导,旨在考查考生的地理学习能力和地理素养"的命题思想。江苏省地理高考试题多以时事热点、焦点问题作为命题的背景材料或切入点来创设问题情境,以区域为基础,注重对生态与地缘政治敏感区、重大国际事件发生地区等区域的空间定位能力、获取信     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.