全国土地整治10年补充耕地4163万亩

全国水土流失180万平方公里亟待治理 水利部部长陈雷近日强调,目前全国有180多万平方公里水土流失面积亟待治理,多年平均年土壤侵蚀量高达45亿吨,有3．6亿亩坡耕地和44．2万条侵蚀沟亟待治理,东北黑土区的保护和西南石漠化地区耕地资源的抢救十分紧迫。据中国水土流失与生态安全科学考察估算,每年水土流失给我国带来经济损失相当于GDP的2．25％左右。     

治理水土流失促进人与自然和谐

一、水土流失现状。水土流失一词顾名思义是土壤侵蚀与水的侵蚀两方面内容。由于复杂的原因，我国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一。椐水利部调查统计，全国土壤侵蚀的面积达492万平方公里，占国土面积的5l％。其中水蚀面积179万平方公里，风蚀面积188万平方公里，冻融侵蚀面积125万平方公里。全国水土流失总面积达到国土总面积的三分之一，     

应用GIS研究中国原生金矿与砂金矿的关系

参阅近千件文献建立中国金矿数据库(ACCESS)及构造格架、地层、火成岩等图层与属性表(ArcInfo、ArcView)，对其进行时空分析。中国砂金矿主要形成在第四纪，而原生金矿则主要形成在侏罗-白垩纪(占原生金总储量64．6％)。空间分析发现，超过半数的原生金矿金储量(52．5％)分布在砂金矿0～40km缓冲域中，其中5～25km缓冲域中为33．2％，而0～5km缓冲域中仅3％，表明原生金矿主要为5～25km内砂金矿提供矿质。此外，中国砂金矿金储量916．9t，占总储量的11．6％，明显少于澳大利亚的25．2％。认为与后者原生金矿主要形成在太古代和古生代有关；中国东部中新生代(尤其第三纪)地壳减薄导致此前形成原生金矿的掩埋，可能是造成砂金较少的另～原因，这两种推测与中国缺乏古砂金相吻合。量化分析结合地质背景研究表明，西秦岭、松潘-甘孜地块、拉萨附近为依据砂金找原生金的远景区。     

关注中国水土流失

中国是世界上水土流失最为严重的国家之一,水土流失面积和土地沙漠化面积呈扩张趋势,治理任务十分艰巨。     

南方山地丘陵土地利用类型的地形影响GIS分析——以江西省为例

分布广泛的山地丘陵,地形复杂多样,生态环境脆弱,不合理的土地利用方式会造成生态环境的破坏,导致严重的水土流失。分析山地丘陵区土地利用的地形控制机制,对于山地丘陵区土地利用开发与水土保持等生态保护之间权衡提供科学依据而具有重要现实意义。因此,本文以南方山地丘陵分布较广泛的江西省为例,在SRTM数字高程模型(DEM)的支持下,利用中国资源环境数据中心基于Landsat遥感解译的2000年土地利用数据,分析了江西省土地利用结构与高程、坡度和坡向等地形因子的关系。结果表明地形因子是影响江西省土地利用方式的一个重要因素,具体表现在:(1)随着高程和坡度的增加,耕地面积及占土地总面积的比例都呈下降趋势,南坡耕地面积和比例都大于北坡的耕地面积和比例;(2)在低海拔区,林地面积占土地总面积比例随着海拔高程的增加而增加,当海拔高于400米时,基本稳定;(3)居民点和工矿用地受高程和坡度的影响较大,受坡向影响较小;(4)草地的面积随着海拔的增加呈下降趋势,但其面积比随着高程增加呈缓慢增加,受坡度和坡向的影响较小。     

宽甸县水土流失灾害与防治对策

宽甸县处于新构造运动强烈上升区,境内峰峦叠嶂,山势陡峻,沟深谷狭,暴雨频繁,地质环境十分脆弱;加之森林大量砍伐,陡坡开荒严重,垦植指数过高,超载养蚕放牧,滥采乱挖猖獗,使生态环境遭到严重破坏,水土流失程度日益加剧。严重的水土流失,导致水库淤积,河道堵塞,土层变薄,地力下降,洪水泛滥,灾害频繁,给国民经济和社会发展造成巨大损失。本文阐述了宽甸山区水土流失的形成因素和危害现状,并因地制宜提出了水土流失灾害的防治对策     

基于遥感的辽宁省采煤沉陷区治理调查

利用遥感技术手段,首次对辽宁省全域开展采煤沉陷现状及恢复治理调查,获取了基础调查成果,为辽宁省地质灾害综合防治提供了参考依据。结果表明:(1)全省67处采煤沉陷区中特大型有1处、大型25处、中型38处、小型3处,总面积约648.44 km^(2),主要分布在阜新、南票、铁法、红阳、抚顺、康平和凤城等煤矿区,开采主体以生产矿山和责任主体灭失矿山为主,威胁对象包括土地资源、工业区、居民点和主要交通干线。(2)全省采煤沉陷区恢复治理面积约11.37 km^(2),治理类型以修复再造和地质灾害治理为主,治理后地类以农用地为主,少部分为居民点搬迁、光伏太阳能发电站和养鱼塘等,朝阳市、沈阳市及黑山县、康平县和北票市治理程度相对较高。     

实行生态移民改善生态环境--关于整合扶贫与生态整治的战略思考

经过几十年，特别是20世纪90年代扶贫攻坚计划实施，我国扶贫工作取得了巨大成就，但目前我国还有约3000万贫困人口，这些人口主要聚集在生态环境恶劣地区。事实上，以往正是由于这些地区人口活动造成毁林开荒，过度垦牧，严重恶化了生态环境。目前，我国已成为世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一，水土流失面积已达367万平方公里，约占国土面积的38％，并以每年1万平方公里的速度在增加。西北黄土高原是我国水土流失最严重的地区，长江流域也面对巨大的生态隐患。我国还是世界上沙漠化危害严重的国家之一。     

我国治理水土流失面积近110万平方公里

到2015年,我国将确保实现新增水土流失治理面积25万平方公里．力争建设4000万亩高标准梯田,解决3000万群众吃粮问题。     

大通县水土保持生态建设的主要经验与做法

大通县位于青海省东部湟水流域,总土地面积3090km2,其中水土流失面积1978km2,占总面积的64%,地势自西北向东南逐渐降低,境内地形复杂,气候干旱,水土流失严重,生态环境十分脆弱,严重制约着经济发展.     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites