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基于地震应急基础数据的山西地震应急能力评价指标体系建设 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
应急能力评价指标体系的建立可为政府进行应急能力评价、应急能力建设提供科学依据.本文在前期众多学者对应急能力评价指标体系研究的基础上,以地震应急救援案例为依据,以地震应急基础数据库为基础,选取全面、客观、可量化、易操作的应急能力评价指标,以层次分析法和专家咨询法为模型,初步建立了山西地震应急能力指标体系. 相似文献
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Vincenzo Convertito Iunio Iervolino Aldo Zollo Gaetano Manfredi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(6):492-505
The development and implementation of an earthquake early warning system (EEWS), both in regional or on-site configurations can help to mitigate the losses due to the occurrence of moderate-to-large earthquakes in densely populated and/or industrialized areas. The capability of an EEWS to provide real-time estimates of source parameters (location and magnitude) can be used to take some countermeasures during the earthquake occurrence and before the arriving of the most destructive waves at the site of interest. However, some critical issues are peculiar of EEWS and need further investigation: (1) the uncertainties on earthquake magnitude and location estimates based on the measurements of some observed quantities in the very early portion of the recorded signals; (2) the selection of the most appropriate parameter to be used to predict the ground motion amplitude both in near- and far-source ranges; (3) the use of the estimates provided by the EEWS for structural engineering and risk mitigation applications.In the present study, the issues above are discussed using the Campania–Lucania region (Southern Apennines) in Italy, as test-site area. In this region a prototype system for earthquake early warning, and more generally for seismic alert management, is under development. The system is based on a dense, wide dynamic accelerometric network deployed in the area where the moderate-to-large earthquake causative fault systems are located.The uncertainty analysis is performed through a real-time probabilistic seismic hazard analysis by using two different approaches. The first is the Bayesian approach that implicitly integrate both the time evolving estimate of earthquake parameters, the probability density functions and the variability of ground motion propagation providing the most complete information. The second is a classical point estimate approach which does not account for the probability density function of the magnitude and only uses the average of the estimates performed at each seismic station.Both the approaches are applied to two main towns located in the area of interest, Napoli and Avellino, for which a missed and false alarm analysis is presented by means of a scenario earthquake: an M 7.0 seismic event located at the centre of the seismic network.Concerning the ground motion prediction, attention is focused on the response spectra as the most appropriate function to characterize the ground motion for earthquake engineering applications of EEWS. 相似文献
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展望地震监测台网的发展与应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着国民经济的快速发展,我国地震监测台网的发展也日新月异,设备性能、技术系统、台网密度正逐步接近发达国家的水平,同时积累了大量的观测数据。如何利用这些监测资源,更好地为经济建设和社会公共安全服务,是值得研究的重要问题。本文认为提取有用的地震前兆信息、提升地震速报能力、扩展烈度速报功能是地震监测台网为地震预报和地震应急服务的重点;整合台网资源,构筑统一标准、多用途的地震监测网络是建设公共安全服务技术平台的前提;工程、海洋、气象、环保等是地震监测资源的主要服务领域。因此,开发监测资源,加强自主创新,构筑技术平台,拓展服务领域是未来地震监测台网为社会和公共安全服务的重要发展方向。 相似文献
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With the rapid development of the economy in China, the seismic network has been changing rapidly, in that the capability of instruments, technological systems and network density are approaching those of developed countries and a large quantity of observation data has been accumulated. How to apply these resources to economic construction and public safety has become an important issue worth studying. In order to improve earthquake prediction and earthquake emergency response, it is suggested in this paper that extracting valuable precursor information, improving earthquake rapid reporting ability and extending rapid intensity reporting function are key issues. Integrating network resources, building unified standards and a multifunction seismic monitoring network are preconditions of establishing a public safety service platform and earthquake observation resources will contribute significantly to the fields of engineering, ocean, meteorology, and environmental protection. Thus, the future directions of the development of the seismic network are exploring monitoring resources, enhancing independent innovation, constructing a technological platform and enlarging the service field. 相似文献
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城市建筑物震害三维模拟在GIS中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
将地理信息系统(GIS)技术用于震害预测在国内外都有较为广泛和成熟的研究。大多数的研究都是基于二维GIS技术的应用,以图表的形式显示震害预测结果,不能够直观地显示建筑物空间特征。本文以砖混结构建筑为例,总结了不同震害等级的震害特征,将提取的震害特征和建筑物纹理合成,利用Google SketchUp三维建模和ArcGIS Engine开发实现震害三维显示。本文给出了利用三维模拟技术在震害预测研究中的一种方法和思路,旨在为震后应急救援、虚拟救援训练和地震科普教学等方面提供帮助。 相似文献
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GIS technology has been applied to building damage analysis around the world. However, most previous studies focused on the application of 2-D GIS technology, and the results from traditional earthquake damage prediction are displayed in 2-D figures and charts, which is incapable of demonstrating the 3-D spatial characteristics of buildings. Taking brick-concrete building as an example, we study the characteristics of building damage, and effectively combine the information of building textures and earthquake damage. Then, we apply Google SketchUp techniques to create building models and display them with seismic damage texture in the ArcGIS Engine software development environment. In this paper we propose a solid idea for 3-D simulation of earthquake damage, which is helpful in earthquake damage prediction, virtual emergency rescue practice and earthquake knowledge education. 相似文献
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新疆地区县(市)地震应急能力指标体系的建立与区域差异初探 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
从新疆地区地震活动性、灾害背景及区域协同联动应急模式出发,在遵循科学性、系统优化和可操作性及区域特性等原则的基础上,采用层次分析法建立了县级行政单元的地震应急能力评价指标体系;继而建立了基于基础设施条件、基础人力物力财力、(县级)专项能力和专项经验及基础环境背景4个一类指标集的县(市)绝对地震应急能力综合评价模型,并根据新疆地区4类人员问卷调查资料,计算和分析了样本支持条件下各指标的权重及结果,将其应用在新疆地区县(市)地震应急能力等级划分中。结果表明,地震应急能力的空间分布格局的产生与区域经济发展水平和地理位置等方面所具备的优势是相适应的,安居富民工程对提升区域地震应急能力发挥了重要作用,少数民族聚集区应急能力有待加强,寒旱、高海拔地区等特殊地理因素影响不可忽视。 相似文献
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