铝钒土中有效铝和活性硅的测定

铝钒土是用来提取氧化铝的重要经济矿石，而氧化铝被冶炼为金属铝。评价铝钒土矿石的经济价值有两个重要指标：有效铝和活性硅。有效铝就是指利用模拟Bayer工艺条件下可以提出来的Al2O3的净含量。活性硅就是指在Bayer工艺条件下可以与NaOH反应的硅化物的含量。在低温Bayer冶炼工艺中，反应硅主要来源于黏土成分的溶解，随着工艺温度的提高，溶解的石英组分也会增加活性硅的含量。由于溶解的硅最后以硅铝钠方式沉淀下来，需要消耗NaOH，对成本有很大影响，所以活性硅的含量是铝矾土的重要指标。     

煤系高岭岩焙烧脱硅工艺及其动力学研究

研究了煤系高岭岩的焙烧活化脱硅过程,分析了助剂对脱硅反应的影响机理并提出了煤系高岭岩的熘烧活化脱硅工艺。对煤系高岭岩的脱硅动力学进行了研究,得出在相应的工艺条件下煤系高岭岩的脱硅反应可按“收缩的未反应核模型”处理,并导出了动力学方程。     

10000吨氧氯化锆生产工艺的改进研究和经济效益分析

通过对晶安高科万吨氧氯化锆生产工艺的研究改进,在生产中取得较好的经济效益,(1)洗渣中二氧化锆回收率提高;(2)用于洗涤硅渣的工业盐酸的加入量减少,减少了酸雾对环境的污染;(3)水转料中二氧化硅含量降低了,氧氯化锆的使回收率提高了;(4)水转料中氧化钠含量降低了,产品质量得到提高;二次废酸的使用周期延长.     

从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的实验研究

为了有效提高高铝粉煤灰的Al/Si比,为提取氧化铝奠定基础,研究了用NaOH从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的最佳工艺条件,并对提硅反应的机理进行了探讨。首先根据高铝粉煤灰的化学与物相组成特点,确立了利用NaOH提取非晶态SiO2的基本技术路线;然后用正交实验法确定了提硅的最佳条件:NaOH的浓度25%,灰碱质量比1∶0.5,反应温度95℃,反应时间4 h。经最佳条件反应之后,SiO2的提取率达到了41.8%,灰中Al2O3的含量由48.5%增加到了57.38%,Al2O3/SiO2质量比由1.29提高到了2.39。     

低品位高铁铝土矿工艺矿物学与铁的回收技术研究

作者对低品位高铁铝土矿进行了工艺矿物学与磁选选铁实验研究。结果表明,矿石中铝矿物为一水硬铝石,晶体粒度细,多为4~20μm;铁矿物主要为赤铁矿和褐铁矿,粗粒为20~100μm,细粒为10μm以下,微细粒在2μm以下,与其他矿物紧密共生。通过磁选的条件试验确定了较佳工艺参数,原矿磨矿细度为-74μm含量为85%,采用磁感应强度为0.9T粗选,粗选精矿细磨至-37μm含量为90%,采用磁感应强度为1.0T精选,最终铁精矿TFe品位为50.05%,回收率为54.43%,非磁铝矿物铝硅比A/S由原矿4.8提高至5.48。     

铝土矿加压法生产硫酸铝的工艺研究

研究了铝土矿与硫酸进行加压反应制造硫酸铝的生产工艺，确立了最优工艺操作条件。当采用适当的矿粉粒度、硫酸浓度、原料配比、反应压力进行生产时，反应平稳，铝士矿的铝溶出率高。适当的矿渣洗涤次数可以使铝土矿的铝利用率得到提高。将本研究成果应用于生产实际，充分利用了矿产资源，节约了能源，从而降低了生产成本，达到了节能降耗的目的。     

石棉尾矿制备轻质氧化镁的工艺条件研究

以石棉尾矿为原料,对制备轻质氧化镁的工艺条件进行了优化选择。以硫酸浸矿,在矿物粒度为80目,酸用量为理论值的120%,液固比为4∶1,反应温度为(95±2)℃,反应时间为1 h的条件下,镁的浸出率可达81.74%;采用多效分离剂,在pH值为5.5~6.5时分离杂质铁,经碳酸钠水溶液沉淀的碳酸镁,在850℃焙烧2.5 h,其轻质氧化镁的纯度达到99.3%,为石棉尾矿的综合利用提供了一条新的途径。     

攀钢渣铁冶炼脱硫工艺及实践研究

以熔炼攀钢渣铁生产低硫生铁为基础,经大量实验找到了一种适应炉外脱硫的复合脱硫剂,以改善炉外脱硫工艺为重点,采用炉内、炉外一次性联合脱硫新工艺,使铁水含硫量降到了0.03%～0.05%.     

贵州某含金汞冶炼渣工艺矿物学研究

为研究某含金冶炼渣的工艺矿物学特征,采用了化学方法和显微镜观察等技术手段。研究发现,该冶炼渣具有3大特征:碳酸盐含量高;有机碳含量高;金以微细粒金为主,载金矿物黄铁矿和辰砂嵌布粒度也很细,且主要嵌布或包裹在碳酸盐中。此冶炼渣属于难处理金矿石。也许采用无氰浸出能解决该冶炼渣的综合利用问题。     

江西桃山大布铀矿床实验室溶锓工艺试验研究

本文介绍了大布铀矿床的物质成分、该类型铀矿提取和回收工艺条件的研究及取得的最佳溶浸工艺参数。试验表明,大布矿床铀浸出性能好,酸耗低,用溶浸法开采具有良好的前景。与常规工艺试验相比,该研究工作的主要特点表现为：溶浸剂的硫酸配方改变了常规工艺从高到低的布液方式,采用由低到高再低的方式,有交地避免了硫酸钙的沉淀;选择了廉价高效的氧化剂,提高了浸出率。通过工艺试验为下一步开展堆浸或原地破碎浸出半工业试验,     

蛇纹石微波辐照硫酸浸出的实验研究

通过蛇纹石微波辐照硫酸浸出新方法的实验，研究了微波辐照强度、辐照时间、硫酸浓度、液固比及矿石粒度等因素对蛇纹石中氧化镁浸出率的影响，结果表明：与传统加热方式相比，微波辐照加热可显著提高蛇纹石酸浸速率；在最佳工艺条件下，氧化镁浸出率可达97％以上；蛇纹石酸浸渣的主要成分为无定形SiO2，化学成分与沉淀白炭黑相同。     

Leaching behavior of Li and Ga from granitic rocks and sorption on kaolinite: Implications for their enrichment in the Jungar Coalfield,Ordos Basin

The granite collected from the Yinshan Mountain and kaolinite has been selected for the leaching and adsorption experiment,respectively,aiming to clarify the enrichment processes of Li and Ga during the deposition.Results suggest both Li and Ga could be leached out from granite by using different acid solutions of different p H and kaolinite can adsorb Li and Ga with varying degrees.Lithium and Ga had the highest leaching ratio when p H=1.Special geological events(e.g.volcanic eruptions and wildfires),which could result in very low p H values of water in peatland,may have accelerated the release of Li and Ga from the source rocks.Kaolinite has the highest adsorption fraction was obtained at p H=8.The different characteristics of Li and Ga displayed in the leaching and adsorption experiments probably result from the different occurrences and enrichment processes of Li and Ga in the coals.Lithium was probably enriched before the Li carriers(e.g.kaolinite)had been transported into paleomires because of its high leaching ratio and high adsorption fraction under neutral and alkaline conditions,whereas Ga was more likely concentrated by kaolinite and other carriers after it had been transported into the peat mires.     

New Process for Preparation Alumina and Silica White from Coal Fly Ash

Fly ash was used to prepare alumina and silica white, The 3 stages of the process are as follows: ammonium sulfate calcining, acid leaching and alkali dissolution. The optimum conditions for the experiments to determine are as follows: molar ratio of (NH4)2SO4/Al2O3 is 6, the calcining time is 2h, he H2SO4 concentration is 20%, the leaching temperature is 80℃ and dissolution duration is 2h, the ratio of solution and solid reaction material is 6 for ammonium sulfate calcining and acid leaching stage, reaction time 30min, ratio of liquid to ore 5∶1, alkali concentration 45% and reaction temperature 95 ℃for the alkali dissolution stage. Under these conditions, the total leaching efficiencies of Al2O3 and SiO2 are 78.86% and 95%, respectively. The quality of the main products alumina and silica white can meet the national standards of GB/T24487-2009 and GB10517-89, respectively.     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定电解二氧化锰废渣浸出液中的重金属元素

电解二氧化锰废渣中的重金属元素在雨水淋滤下,通过地表径流对下游水生态系统及农业生态系统造成不同程度的环境污染和安全隐患,因此,准确测定电解二氧化锰废渣浸出液中的重金属元素含量具有重要的现实意义。电解二氧化锰废渣浸出液中的重金属元素含量通常很低,采用原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定,检出限通常难以满足测定要求。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定,消除复杂质谱干扰面临挑战。本文采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)测定电解二氧化锰废渣浸出液中的重金属元素含量。电解二氧化锰废渣中6种重金属元素Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Hg、Pb经硫酸和硝酸混合酸浸出后直接采用ICP-MS/MS进行测定,利用串联质谱的O_2反应模式消除分析过程中Cr、Ni、As、Cd受到的质谱干扰,通过考察不同分析模式下~(52)Cr、~(60)Ni、~(75)As、~(111)Cd的背景等效浓度(BEC),评价质谱干扰对分析结果的影响。结果表明:在MS/MS模式下选择O_2为反应气,采用质量转移法和原位质量法可以消除~(52)Cr、~(60)Ni、~(75)As、~(111)Cd的所有质谱干扰。Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Hg、Pb检出限分别为3.06、9.31、3.50、2.72、2.03、1.89ng/L,加标回收率在95.6%～106.2%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.9%。所建立的方法已应用于电解二氧化锰废渣浸出液中重金属元素的测定。     

山西、河南高铝粘土铝土矿矿床矿物学研究

耐火材料工业把Al₂O₃>46%（熟料）的耐火粘土称为“高铝粘土”。从理论上应把铝硅比≥2.6的称为耐火用铝土矿,惟我国《储量规范》为了勘探工作方便仍称其为高铝粘土。而普通耐火粘土（熟料Al₂O₃<46%,但实际应用扩大到50%）与高铝粘土中的易熔杂质总量不超过6%,灼减一般不大于16%,Fe₂O₃一般不大于3%或3.5%。     

准格尔地区粉煤灰中镓的浸出率影响因素研究

为了粉煤灰的高附加值综合利用,采用酸浸法对准格尔地区循环流化床粉煤灰进行了镓的浸出实验研究,考察了多种因素对镓的浸出率的影响,包括粉煤灰粒度,酸的种类与浓度、酸浸温度与时间、固液比等。结果表明,提高镓的浸出率的适宜条件为:粉煤灰粒度200目,盐酸的浓度6 mol/L,酸浸温度应大于160℃,酸浸时间6 h,液固比在5∶1~6∶1之间为宜。在优选的工艺条件下,镓的浸出率可达80%以上。从粉煤灰中提取镓,使其作为一种资源加以利用,是提高粉煤灰综合利用价值的有效途径。     

考虑温度电动淋洗法去除污染软土中铬试验研究

针对铬污染软土,自行设计了电动淋洗试验装置,开展了铬污染软土室内土柱淋洗试验,分析了试验过程中电流、电解质溶液pH的变化以及淋洗液种类、外加电压、温度对重金属铬去除特性的影响。结果表明:电动淋洗试验可以有效去除土壤中的重金属铬;相对于单一淋洗试验,用10 V电压强化淋洗试验显著提高了重金属铬去除效果,淋洗液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDS）时Cr（VI）和Cr（总）去除效率是单一淋洗法的2.79,3.12倍。当电压为10 V,温度升高至45 ℃时,淋洗液为柠檬酸（CA）和草酸（OA）的各组试验表明Cr（Ⅵ）与Cr（总）去除率均相应提高;而淋洗液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠时的试验组中Cr（VI）去除率提高了5.84%,Cr（总）去除率降低了4.25%,表明升高温度使部分Cr（VI）还原成不易迁移的Cr（III）;淋洗液为草酸的试验组中升高温度时Cr（Ⅵ）与Cr（总）去除率最高,分别达到了82.08%、77.57%,分别相应提高了27.65%、26.01%。电动淋洗试验后,铬污染软土土粒结构变得更紧密,土粒之间的孔隙减小且被填充的更加密实。     

Mineralogical characterization of acid weathered phyllosilicates with implications for secondary martian deposits

The detection of phyllosilicates and sulfates on Mars has revealed a complex aqueous history which suggests distinct geochemical environments separated temporally and spatially. Recent observations by MRO CRISM in Mawrth Vallis have shown that phyllosilicate deposits exhibit a specific stratigraphy, which remains incompletely understood. Moreover, MER Spirit has evidenced association between phyllosilicates, amorphous silica and sulfates. We investigated the hypothesis that these parageneses resulted from the acidic weathering of older phyllosilicate deposits. We exposed nontronite (Fe-rich smectite), montmorillonite (Al-rich smectite) and kaolinite to H₂SO₄ solutions at pH 0, 2 and 4, and at a temperature of 60 °C. After the acid treatment, a combination of mineralogical techniques was used to assess the degree of alteration of the three phyllosilicate minerals. XRF, XRD and ESEM measurements show that nontronite was the most unstable when acid leached, followed by montmorillonite and then kaolinite. Progressive acidic leaching of nontronite leads to alteration of the phyllosilicate to amorphous silica, along with Fe-sulfate and anatase, and the formation of an acidic Al,Fe-rich solution. Alteration of montmorillonite resulted in the formation of Fe-, Al-, Ca- and Mg-sulfates, and a Al-rich leaching solution. Comparatively, leaching of kaolinite resulted in the formation of Al-sulfates and a Al-rich solution as well, with only slight alteration of the primary mineralogical features. The effects of acid leaching of the phyllosilicates were also observed in NIR reflectance spectra, allowing a comparison with CRISM spectra from Mawrth Vallis. Based on our results, we propose a new model where acid leaching of mixed phyllosilicate deposits leads to kaolinite overlaying montmorillonite, which in turn caps Fe,Mg-smectites. Leaching of cations and subsequent evaporation leads to sulfate deposits, as supported by geochemical modeling, while amorphous silica remains as a residue. Depending on the intensity (pH) and length of exposure of acidic leaching, our model can explain the stratigraphic distribution of phyllosilicates, and the association of sulfates, silica and smectites.     

含铁地下水成因、危害及防治

含铁地下水形成于中偏酸性的还原性水文地球化学环境中,人为活动也可引发含铁水的出现。含铁水进入水井附近后,有沉淀析出铁矿物从而堵塞水井附近含水层和滤水管的危险,也因为其偏低的ＰＨ值和可能含有硫化物而对金属水井管材具有腐蚀作用。防治含铁水对水井破坏作用的根本方法是采取改善地下水水质的现场处理技术。     

风化型和含煤建沉积型高岭土的物质组成对比研究

我国高岭土资源丰富,矿床类型多,其中风化和含煤建造沉积型是两类比较重要的高岭土矿床,对这两类高岭土矿床化学组成,矿物组成及高岭石矿物学特征的异同点进行研究和探讨,其结果表明,风化高岭土的化学成分一般属硅高铝低型,钾含量偏高,钛含量低,铁含量则随成矿线岩和风化条件的不同波动范围大,矿物组成主要为结晶度较差的高岭石、水云线和石英,以及极少量的管状埃洛石,含煤建造沉积型高岭土一般属铝高硅低型,钾含量低,钛含量明显偏高,矿物组成简单,高岭石含量〉９５％,结晶度较好。