新疆西南天山阿万达金矿床成矿流体演化

阿万达金矿位于新疆阿克苏市拜城县, 属西南天山造山带, 是一新发现的中型金矿床。在简要总结矿床地质特征的基础上, 通过流体包裹体显微测温和毒砂地温计研究, 详尽地探讨了阿万达金矿成矿流体的演化。研究表明:矿化石英中存在含CO₂的三相和气液两相两类包裹体, 且以后者居多;气液两相包裹体均一温度为188~380℃, 呈双峰式分布, 盐度(w(NaCl))为6.9%~20.7%;含CO₂包裹体的最终均一温度为238~347℃, 盐度为2.8%~7.0%。综合分析认为, 阿万达金矿成矿流体经历了由高温向中低温两个成矿阶段的演化过程。高温阶段, 成矿流体均一温度为270~380℃, 捕获温度为345~420℃, 估算的捕获压力为74~142 MPa(按静岩压力估算成矿深度为2.8~5.4 km), 以中低盐度H₂O-CO₂-NaCl体系为主, 形成高温毒砂及其他硫化物;中低温阶段, 均一温度为188~270℃, 捕获温度为270~304℃, 捕获压力为52~104 MPa, 成矿流体成分向中低盐度H₂O-NaCl体系转变, 沉淀出低温毒砂及其他硫化物。综合阿万达金矿的矿床地质特征以及流体演化特点, 认为其成因类型属中浅成造山型金矿。     

河南老湾金矿床成矿流体性质与同位素地球化学示踪

老湾金矿床是河南桐柏地区典型的剪切带型金矿床。流体包裹体特征显示成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的含CO_2的K~+-Na~+-Cl~-SO_4~(2-)体系;氢氧同位素研究结果显示矿床成矿早期阶段以岩浆水为主要成矿热液来源,成矿晚期阶段以大气降水为主要热液来源:矿石铅同位素特征显示成矿物质源区与龟山岩组、老湾花岗岩有亲缘关系,且与花岗岩接近,显示其深源特征,进一步提供了成矿流体岩浆成因的证据。     

Ore-Forming Fluid Characteristics of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault Zone, which is one of the most important gold-hosting faults in the Jiaodong gold province of China. Dayingezhuang is a typical large-scale shear zone-hosted disseminated gold deposit with superimposed silver mineralization. Fluid inclusion (FI) petrography and microthermometry, and analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for fluid inclusions were conducted to determine the characteristics of the ore-forming fluids and the processes of silver mineralization. Microthermometry data of FI indicated that ore-forming fluids are characterized by low salinity and low density. Homogenization pressures of FI are estimated at 20 × 10⁵–220 × 10⁵ Pa. The change in ore-forming fluids from K₂SO₄ type to NaCl type indicates the superposition of two hydrothermal mineralizing events. Ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic components in the early mineralization period, and affected by meteoric waters in the late period. Gold may have been transported as Au-S or Au-Cl complexes, whereas silver was transported as Ag-Cl complexes. Early fluid boiling and later fluid mixing are thought to be two of the main factors causing the deposition and superimposing of gold and silver to form the large deposit.     

胶东半岛大磨曲家金矿床成矿流体物理化学条件演化

胶东大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体包括水溶液包裹体、富CO2包裹体和高盐卤水包裹体3种类型,前两者发育较多,高盐卤水包裹体发育极少。流体包裹体显微测温及盐度、密度、压力估算显示,水溶液包裹体均一温度为98~376℃,据冰点温度估算,盐度为0.53%~8.28%,水溶液包裹体均一压力低于50×105Pa;富CO2包裹体完全均一温度为255~348℃,盐度为2.42%~11.43%,均一压力为1 000×105~2 500×105Pa;富CO2包裹体中CO2均一温度为23.0~32.4℃,指示该类包裹体可能含有数量不等的CH4或H2S。静水压力体制下,根据纯CO2包裹体均一压力估算成矿深度约为1 km。在270℃左右,均一压力从富CO2包裹体到水溶液包裹体急剧降低,指示成矿流体在270℃左右可能发生过一次减压沸腾过程,成矿流体盐度和密度在270℃左右也有显著的变化。因此,沸腾作用及其引起的成矿流体物理化学条件的急剧变化可能是导致大磨曲家金矿床成矿物质沉淀的重要机制。     

The Ore-forming Fluid of the Gold Deposits of Muru Gold Belt in Eastern Shandong, China - a Case Study of Denggezhuang Gold Deposit

Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC₂‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO₂+VCC₂+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δ^O and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.     

西秦岭凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床地质地球化学特征

西秦岭凤太矿集区丝毛岭金矿床位于八卦庙造山型金矿床西侧5km左右,是一个新探明的剪切带型金矿。其成矿作用过程可分为早期石英-绢云母-硫化物阶段、中期多金属-硫化物阶段和晚期碳酸盐阶段。对早、中期的石英流体包裹体测试结果表明,丝毛岭金矿床成矿流体以富CO2、中温、低盐度为特征,总体上属于中温低盐度CO2-H2O体系,流体包裹体类型的多样性是流体不混溶性的产物。从早阶段到主成矿阶段成矿流体的温度、压力和盐度均有降低,硫逸度增高,有利于金的沉淀富集。H、O、S、C同位素研究结果,以及与八卦庙金矿床的对比分析表明,二者的成矿流体具有相似性和同源性,都是以深部来源为主的多源流体。由于丝毛岭金矿床产出的层位高于八卦庙金矿床,其成矿环境相对开放。     

贵州丫他卡林型金矿床流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义

黔西南丫他金矿床是典型的沉积岩容矿的微细浸染型金矿床。从流体包裹体的角度,探讨了丫他金矿床成矿的温度压力条件和流体演化。各阶段石英、雄黄的流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明:主成矿阶段包裹体主要类型有H2O、CO2和CO2-H2O包裹体,流体包裹体组合呈现CO2-H2O不混溶的特征,晚成矿阶段包裹体类型主要为H2O包裹体;从主成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,流体包裹体均一温度由139～268℃变化至121～194℃,盐度由2.9%～7.4%变化至2.7%～6.6%。根据共存CO2包裹体和H2O包裹体的等容线计算法,还原主成矿期包裹体捕获温度为260～294℃,捕获压力为59～98 MPa。对比不同类型金矿床中的富CO2流体特征,指出黔西南卡林型金矿床中存在的富CO2流体可能在金的搬运过程中起到一定的作用,CO2-H2O相分离可能是导致矿质沉淀的主要原因。     

山东莱州新城金矿床流体包裹体

山东新城金矿是胶东焦家-新城成矿带上重要的蚀变岩型金矿床。矿体主要赋存在焦家断裂带下盘靠近主裂面的黄铁绢英岩和黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩内,严格受焦家断裂构造控制。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、自然金、银金矿和辉银矿等。区内围岩蚀变类型主要有黄铁绢英岩化、绢英岩化、绢云母化、硅化、钾化和碳酸盐化等,且矿化主要与黄铁绢英岩化和硅化关系密切。本次研究主要针对新城金矿床深部矿石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱及氢、氧同位素分析研究。研究表明：该矿床深部矿石中纯CO₂包裹体数量有明显增加现象,同时发育含CO₂包裹体和气液两相包裹体;成矿流体具有低盐度(w(NaCl))（2.06%~10.24%）、低密度（0.54~0.97 g/cm³）的特点;主成矿温度为260~300 ℃,成矿压力为65~113 MPa,成矿深度为6.51~8.82 km。成矿过程中流体经历了CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系的不混溶作用。氢、氧同位素分析认为,成矿流体δD_SMOW为－75.1‰～－61.4‰,δ¹⁸O_水为4.80‰～6.40‰,并将新城金矿床与典型“焦家式”金矿床成矿流体特征及来源进行对比,认为新城金矿成矿流体主要以幔源流体为主。综合研究表明,新城金矿床成因类型为幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

青海省都兰县果洛龙洼金矿成矿流体

果洛龙洼金矿是青海东昆仑地区最典型、最具规模的金矿床之一。在前人资料基础上,将果洛龙洼金矿热液成矿期划分为4个成矿阶段：贫矿化石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（主要成矿阶段）、石英-贫硫化物阶段（次要成矿阶段）和石英-碳酸盐阶段。随后对主要和次要成矿阶段石英脉开展流体包裹体显微测温和H-O同位素研究。结果表明：原生流体包裹体主要包括气液两相、富CO₂三相、纯CO₂两相共3类;成矿流体总体以CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系为主,均一温度为130.0~357.3 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.83%~20.11%。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为14.8‰~17.2‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为5.5‰~8.5‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-61‰~-96‰;而石英-贫硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为15.7‰~16.9‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为4.1‰~5.3‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-84‰~-101‰。由此认为：主要成矿阶段成矿流体可能为高温低盐度富CO₂变质热液和低温中高盐度岩浆热液两个端元组成的混合流体;次要成矿阶段成矿流体主要为混合后更均匀的中低温中低盐度热液,但后期明显有大气降水混入。总之,成矿流体的来源、性质及其演化等方面的研究结果进一步证明果洛龙洼金矿为造山型金矿。     

胶东牟乳成矿带范家庄金矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义

牟乳成矿带是胶东半岛金矿集区三大金成矿带之一,但带内金矿床的成矿流体来源仍存在着较大分歧。范家庄金矿床是近年在该成矿带内新发现的金矿床,其成矿流体的研究较为薄弱。鉴于此,本文从流体包裹体和H-O同位素研究入手,结合矿床地质特征,对范家庄金矿床的成矿流体和矿床成因进行探讨。金矿体主要产于侏罗纪弱片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩内,呈脉状、透镜状,受断裂构造控制明显。该矿床热液成矿期可分为3个成矿阶段：石英-粗粒黄铁矿阶段（成矿早阶段）、石英-金-多金属硫化物阶段（主成矿阶段）、石英-碳酸盐阶段（成矿晚阶段）。流体包裹体岩相学特征显示,矿床中的原生包裹体以气液两相包裹体和纯液相水溶液包裹体为主,另有少量含CO₂三相包裹体。显微测温结果显示,成矿早阶段和主成矿阶段的均一温度分别为167.2~297.5℃和168.4~253.6℃,盐度（w（NaCl））分别为3.55%~22.65%和2.58%~12.05%,密度分别为0.77~1.06 g/cm³和0.84~1.02 g/cm³,具有中低温、中低盐度、低密度的特征,与中温热液成矿系统流体特征相一致。对成矿压力和深度的估算表明,主成矿阶段的成矿压力为45.8~68.7 MPa （平均为52.8 MPa）,成矿深度为5.38~6.71 km （平均为5.93 km）,显示出中浅成成矿的特点。成矿流体H-O同位素示踪显示,成矿早阶段流体的δD_H2O-SMOW值介于-96.9‰~-89.0‰之间,δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW值介于-4.3‰~4.5‰之间;主成矿阶段的δD_H2O-SMOW值介于-90.7‰~-85.3‰之间,δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW值介于-5.4‰~-0.2‰之间。由此认为,范家庄金矿床的成矿流体来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合,且随着成矿流体的演化,大气降水的混入比例增加。综合矿床地质特征和成矿流体研究,认为范家庄金矿床应属中温热液脉型金矿床。     

北祁连西段鹰咀山蚀变碎裂岩型金矿床控矿因素和成因

本文论述了北祁连西段鹰咀山金矿床区域地质背景、矿床成矿地质条件、矿体特征、围岩蚀变、矿化和矿床地球化学特点，认为金矿床主要受多级断裂系统和火山碎屑岩控制，金矿化与蚀变碎裂岩带关系密切，是一种蚀变碎裂岩型金矿床。流体包裹体测温结果为中高温，成分以低盐度以及富CO2和H2O为特征；稳定同位素组成表明，成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主，晚期混有大量大气降水。     

湖南铲子坪金矿床地质特征及成因

湖南铲子坪金矿床位于雪峰弧形构造带西南段,是雪峰-金山巨型弧形推覆剪切金锑钨成矿带的重要组成部分,形成于碰撞或后碰撞地质背景下的走滑和逆冲构造事件中。文章通过总结前人系统的硫、铅、氧、氢同位素地球化学特征及成矿时代的研究,并进行了成矿流体特征的研究,在此基础上探讨了铲子坪金矿的成矿物质来源。研究结果显示,铲子坪金矿床矿石略富轻硫,具典型的岩浆硫+变质岩混合硫源特征,铅为壳幔混合铅,主要来自造山带。成矿期流体包裹体均一温度范围主要为140~220℃和260~300℃,盐度w(NaCleq.)范围主要为4%~10%和20%~24%,具有两个阶段成矿的特征,成矿流体为中低温、中低盐度、H2O-CO2-NaCl流体体系,存在流体沸腾现象,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,同时有大气降水的加入。成矿物质和成矿流体的来源为地层变质岩叠加印支期的岩浆作用。通过综合分析,初步认为铲子坪金矿床与造山型金矿相似,但具有一定特殊性。     

新疆南天山阿沙哇义金矿床的成因与找矿启示:来自流体和硫化物成分的限定

阿沙哇义金矿位于中国新疆南天山造山带,属于著名的中亚南天山锑-汞-金成矿带的东延部分。该矿床严格受断裂所控制,以浸染状黄铁矿化、毒砂化为特征。矿化可分为三个阶段:早期无矿或贫矿石英阶段,中期石英多金属硫化物阶段,晚期石英-碳酸盐阶段。其中,中期是主要成矿阶段。成矿流体气相成分以H_2O为主,摩尔含量为75%～93%,其次为CO_2,摩尔含量为6%～25%,其余为CH_4、C_2H_6、H_2S、N_2和Ar;液相成分阳离子以Na~+为主,含少量K~+、Ca~(2+)离子,阴离子以Cl~-为主,SO~(2-)次之;矿石的Au含量与其流体的CO_2含量呈反相关,与K~+含量呈正相关。硫化物成分分析结果表明:(1)围岩地层和矿石中的黄铁矿和毒砂是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿Au含量为0～0. 09%,平均值0. 03%;毒砂Au含量为0～0. 28%,平均值0. 07%;(2)黄铁矿和毒砂Au含量与其自形程度没有明显的相关性;(3)环带状黄铁矿较均质结构黄铁矿具有更高的Au含量;(4)岩体中的黄铁矿几乎不含Au。在成矿构造环境、成矿流体特征及演化、金矿富集机制、成矿温压条件等方面,该矿床与世界上大多数造山型金矿显示出一致性,成矿类型应属于剥蚀程度较浅的造山型金矿。断层阀作用控制的断层愈合-破裂导致的流体不混溶作用是本区金富集、沉淀的最重要机制,但流体混合机制对金的富集沉淀也发挥了作用。黄铁矿、毒砂发育及较多的含炭物质三者共存是本区寻找富矿的关键标志。     

延边浅成高硫化热液金矿床的成矿流体起源与演化:以杜荒岭和九三沟矿床为例

杜荒岭和九三沟矿床是延边地区两个典型的浅成热液高硫化型金矿床,两者距离不足10km。本文运用显微测温、激光拉曼成分测试和稀有气体同位素对这两个矿床的蚀变岩和矿石中的石英内流体包裹体进行研究,以便揭示成矿流体的起源和演化过程。测温及拉曼测试结果表明:蚀变早期矿化阶段主要气体成分为CO_2、N_2的两相流体包裹体,发育少量高盐度(33.4%~48.1%)高温(410~470℃)的流体包裹体,其为深部斑岩成矿系统与后期浅成矿化流体叠加的产物;主成矿阶段均一温度为90~330℃,盐度为0.4%~44.9%,成分以H2O为主,含少量的CO_2;富气相、富液相及含石盐子晶多相的流体包裹体共存,表明流体发生了沸腾作用,这些流体包裹体被捕获的深度为100~500 m,代表浅成矿化的主要流体。稀有气体同位素结果表明:3 He/4 He值为0.009 6~0.020 6Ra,20 Ne/22 Ne、21 Ne/22 Ne值分别为9.734~9.987和0.030 9~0.040 6,40 Ar/36 Ar为1 302.4~4 433.6。上述研究结果表明,延边地区杜荒岭和九三沟金矿早期成矿流体为携带Au、Ag、Cu等成矿元素的高温、高氧化的岩浆气,主成矿阶段地壳流体的混入导致沸腾作用,晚期转以低温低盐度的大气水为主。     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Ore-forming Fluids of the Haigou Gold Deposit, Jilin

The quartz in the Haigou gold deposit contains a great abundance of three-phase CO2-NaCl-H2O and two-phase CO2-rich inclusions, which are associated with two-phase NaCl-H2O ones. The ore-forming fluids, which were rich in CO2, are classified into two types with two different sources: the high-salinity CO2-rich NaCl-H2O fluid derived from magmatic hydrothermal solution, and the low-salinity NaCl-H2O fluid from ancient meteoric water. The optimum conditions for gold mineralization are 220-300℃ for the temperature, 4-20 MPa for the fluid static pressure, 1-3 km for the mineralization depth, 2-7 w (NaCl)/10-2 for the fluid salinity, and 0.644 g/cm3 for the total density. The fluid was in a critical or supercritical state at the initial stage of mineralization, and it boiled and was unmixed with CO2 and NaCl-H2O in the climax of mineralization, leading to the decomposition of Au-chlorine complexes and the bulk precipitation of Au.The type, association, homogenization temperature and composition (CO2/H2O val     

胶东夏甸金矿成矿流体及成矿物质来源:H-O、He-Ar、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素证据

夏甸金矿是胶东金矿集区中一处大型焦家式矿床。文章在详尽的岩相学和矿相学研究基础上,对该矿床进一步开展 了H-O同位素并首次开展了He-Ar和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪研究,为该矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源提供了新的制约。石 英中流体包裹体的H-O同位素（δDV-SMOW=-102.3‰~-93.9‰,δ18OH2O=-0.2‰~1.6‰） 揭示出成矿流体主要为富集地幔流体, 并有少许大气降水加入;黄铁矿中He-Ar同位素[3He/4/He=0.58×10− 6~1.90×10− 6 （0.42~1.36 Ra）,40Ar/36Ar=724.7~1358.4]同样 表明成矿流体以富集地幔流体为主导;矿石及蚀变岩的Nd-Pb同位素既不同于围岩花岗岩,也不同于基底变质岩,与胶东 地区中生代软流圈地幔起源的玄武岩也相差甚远,而与胶东地区中生代富集岩石圈地幔起源的煌斑岩相一致,但它们的初 始87Sr/86Sr比值明显高于煌斑岩,甚至高于围岩花岗岩。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明成矿流体及成矿物质来源于富集岩石圈地 幔,并在其上升过程中与基底变质岩发生了相互作用。     

Dating and Fluid Geochemistry of the Sarkobu Gold Deposit in Altay, Xinjiang, China

The dating of fluid inclusions of quartz yields an Ar-Ar isochrone age of 320.4±6 Ma. Three types of fluid inclusions have been identified with the homogenization temperature ranging from 157℃ to 362℃. The homogenization temperature consists of two groups. The first group varies from 157℃ to 166℃, and the second from 232℃ to 362℃. Their chemical composition is dominated by Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+ and Cl-. The relative concentration of ions is characteristic by Na+>Ca2+>K+>Mg2+ and C1->SO42-> F-. The δD and δ18O values indicate that the ore-forming fluid originates from mixing of multi-source water. The Sarkobu gold deposit has experienced two mineralization stages: gold was enriched during the volcanic-exhalative-sedimentary process in the early stage, while the gold deposit was finally formed under compression-shearing during the orogenic period.     

山东招平断裂带大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体初步研究

The Damoqujia gold deposit,discovered recently and located in the north of Zhaoping fault zone,is a large altered rock type deposit.In this paper,we report the preliminary research results of the fluid inclusions and discuss its metallogenic implications. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions fall into four ranges:310～350℃,230～270℃,160～200℃and 110～150℃; corresponding to the four stages of hydrothermal ore-forming processes:coarse grain pyrite-milk white quartz stage(Ⅰ),smoky gray Au-bearing quartz-fine grain pyrite stage(Ⅱ),Au-bearing polymetallic sulfide-quartz stage(Ⅲ),and quartz-carbonate stage(Ⅳ). Ore-forming fluid is with low salinity and low density,ranging from 1.4 Wt_(NaCl)% to 13.6 Wt_(NaCl)% and from 0.48g/cm~3 to 1.03g/cm~3 respectively.The inclusions are dominated by H_2O and CO_2 in gaseous compositions,and Na~ and K~ in positive ions,SO_4~(2-)and Cl~- in negative ions of liquid compositions.Au-S complex is the major form for transportation of gold.The pressure varied from 260MPa to 340MPa during the formation of CO_2-bearing inclusions at the early mineralization;the fluids are rich in SO_4~(2-)and Na~ .The pressure is 26-49×10~5 Pa during the formation of the aqueous salt inclusions in late mineralization,the inclusions are rich in CI~-(F~-), Na~ .δ~(18)O_(qurrtz)is 10.64～12.68%o,and the correspondingδ~(18)O_(H_2)O andδD is-5.44～6.47‰and-95.52～-106.48‰respectively.Based on the studies about compositions and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of inclusions,it is evidenced that ore-forming fluid is magmatic hydrothermal fluid in early period,but affected by meteoric water in late.     

Geological and Fluid Inclusion Constraints on Gold Deposition Processes of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit, hosted mainly by Late Jurassic granitoids on Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, contains an estimated 170 t of gold and is one of the largest deposits within the Zhaoping fracture zone. The orebodies consist of auriferous altered pyrite–sericite–quartz granites that show Jiaojia-type (i.e., disseminated and veinlet) mineralization. Mineralization and alteration are structurally controlled by the NE- to NNE-striking Linglong detachment fault. The mineralization can be divided into four stages: (K-feldspar)–pyrite–sericite–quartz, quartz–gold–pyrite, quartz–gold–polymetallic sulfide, and quartz–carbonate, with the majority of the gold being produced in the second and third stages. Based on a combination of petrography, microthermometry, and laser Raman spectroscopy, three types of fluid inclusion were identified in the vein minerals: NaCl–H2O (A-type), CO2–H2O–NaCl (AC-type), and pure CO2 (PC-type). Quartz crystals in veinlets that formed during the first stage contain mainly AC-type fluid inclusions, with rare PC-type inclusions. These fluid inclusions homogenize at temperatures of 251°C–403°C and have low salinities of 2.2–9.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. Quartz crystals that formed in the second and third stages contain all three types of fluid inclusions, with total homogenization temperatures of 216°C–339°C and salinities of 1.8–13.8 wt% NaCl equivalent for the second stage and homogenization temperatures of 195°C–321°C and salinities of 1.4–13.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for the third stage. In contrast, quartz crystals that formed in the fourth stage contains mainly A-type fluid inclusions, with minor occurrences of AC-type inclusions; these inclusions have homogenization temperatures of 106°C–287°C and salinities of 0.5–7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent. Gold in the ore-forming fluids may have changed from Au(HS)0 as the dominant species under acidic conditions and at relatively high temperatures and fO2 in the early stages, to Au(HS)2– under neutral-pH conditions at lower temperatures and fO2 in the later stages. The precipitation of gold and other metals is inferred to be caused by a combination of fluid immiscibility and water–rock interaction.     

阿拉善碱泉子金矿矿床地质和流体包裹体特征及其与小秦岭文峪金矿床的对比

论文通过对碱泉子金矿床和文峪金矿床成矿地质背景的认识,得出了两矿床的矿床地质特征都显示了明显的造山型热液金矿床的矿床地质特点。在此基础上对比研究了两矿床的流体包裹体特征及氢氧同位素组成特征。研究结果表明,两矿床的成矿流体均以中温、低盐度、高CO2含量为特征,这些特征也吻合了典型的造山型热液金矿床成矿流体的基本特征;两矿床氢氧同位素组成的数据投影点主要落在变质水与岩浆水的混合区附近、并有向大气降水漂移的趋势。基于以上分析结果,推断出两矿床在成矿机制方面也有很大的相似性,并由此探讨了碱泉子金矿床的成矿机制特点。