档案目标管理实现现代化管理问题的探讨

本文结合我公司档案目标管理的实践,对档案目标管理中如何实现现代化管理问题进行了探讨,提出了贯彻ＩＳＯ９０００质量保证体系与档案目标管理相结合、利用计算机局域网建立档案数据库管理系统等思路,并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

论渔业法之违反捕捞许可规定到共同管理渔区作业行为的法律责任

近年来我国渔业作业群体的数量明显增多,同时违反捕捞许可到共同管理渔区作业的违法行为也日益严重。在《中华人民共和国渔业法》及相关渔业立法中已经存在明确界定,但是对于法律责任没有具体阐明,严重影响了渔业活动的正常秩序与渔业资源的可持续发展。文章根据违反捕捞许可到共同管理渔区作业的现状出发,结合渔业法等相关规定,分析增设法律责任的必要性与可行性,提出完善相关法律责任,细化责任认定;加大惩治力度,提高违法成本等建议。     

自然资源信息化框架下海洋资源数据管理体系设计有关思考

自然资源信息化总体建设方案提出了建立自然资源“一张图”的大数据体系,海洋资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,开展海洋资源数据管理体系设计是将其有机融入自然资源大数据体系的一项基础工作.本文以现有国家海洋数据管理体系为基础,从海洋资源的有关概念和分类入手,分析了在自然资源信息化总体框架下,海洋资源数据管理体系建设的发展形势和需求,探讨了海洋资源数据管理体系总体设计思路与主体框架,并对下一步海洋资源数据管理体系的建设运行提出建议.     

Community involvement in fisheries management: Experiences in the Gulf of Thailand countries

This paper examines the involvement of coastal communities in fisheries management among the countries of the Gulf of Thailand—Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand. Initiatives to decentralize management to local governing bodies, to utilize traditional management methods and to engage in community agreements to protect local resources are explored. An examination of recent experiences indicates some movement toward more local involvement in management. However, the study also leads to several suggestions for the future: in Vietnam and Cambodia, there is a need for significant legislation to control fisheries operations and greater clarity of the role of communities in management; in Malaysia, there is an overall need for more support to local fisheries management; and in Thailand, the need is for greater support of local-level enforcement and monitoring activities.     

Considering ecosystem-based fisheries management in the California Current

Recognizing that all management decisions have impacts on the ecosystem being exploited, an ecosystem-based approach to management seeks to better inform these decisions with knowledge of ecosystem structure, processes and functions. For marine fisheries in the California Current, along the West Coast of North America, such an approach must take into greater consideration the constantly changing climate-driven physical and biological interactions in the ecosystem, the trophic relationships between fished and unfished elements of the food web, the adaptation potential of life history diversity, and the role of humans as both predators and competitors. This paper reviews fisheries-based ecosystem tools, insights, and management concepts, and presents a transitional means of implementing an ecosystem-based approach to managing US fisheries in the California Current based on current scientific knowledge and interpretation of existing law.     

海洋监测设备动力环境实验室信息管理系统的构建

实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)为实验室提供了便捷、准确、及时、规范的技术服务,已经被越来越多的实验室认可与应用。针对海洋监测设备动力环境实验室的实验业务与信息管理,分别从业务流程、用户需求和功能需求进行了分析,并对系统功能进行了详细设计。系统由基础设施层、数据层、支撑功能层、业务系统、标准规范支撑体系与信息安全支撑体系六部分组成,分为对外和对内两个应用部分,根据不同用户的不同权限,对实验室信息、实验数据、设备数据以及新闻等信息分别有不同的权限。该系统能够满足实验人员、管理人员与一般用户的不同需求,实现了对海洋监测设备动力环境实验室信息、实验数据与实验资源的有效管理,提高了仪器设备预约效率,实现了测试仪器装置的最大程度共享,节省了人力、物力和财力,同时,便于仪器设备的维修与维护与用户快速获得实验室各类信息。     

The Norwegian plan for integrated ecosystem-based management of the marine environment in the Norwegian Sea

A White Paper on a new integrated management plan for the Norwegian Sea was launched by the Norwegian government in May 2009. Following international guidelines for ecosystem-based management, the plan provides an overall framework for managing all human activities (mainly oil and gas industry, fishing, and shipping) in the area to ensure the continued production and function of the ecosystem. The plan is based on an assessment of the present and projected future impact of human activities and of the interactions between them, taking into account deficits in current knowledge of ecosystem state and dynamics. Areas of particular value in terms of biodiversity or biological production were identified. In each of these valuable areas, any access for substantial human activity is to be carefully managed. To monitor the overall development of the Norwegian Sea, a set of indicators with associated environmental quality objectives have been selected. The approach used builds upon experience gained from the first integrated Norwegian management plan for a marine area, the Barents Sea–Lofoten region, developed in 2002–2006. Work towards a Norwegian management plan for the North Sea, including Skagerrak, was initiated in 2009.     

基于生态系统的赤潮综合治理研究

文中综述了生态系统管理的概念以及原则,并在此基础上提出了基于生态系统管理的赤潮灾害综合防治策略。     

海洋作业渔船管理系统的设计与运行试验

对渔政管理指挥系统建设项日中的业务软件部分渔船管理系统的设计方案进行了介绍。根据我国渔洋作业渔船的实际管理模式，提出了渔船管理系统设计方案。系统通过网络化的业务处理和管理流程，规范渔船建造、审批、登记以及捕捞许可证发放等管理业务，实现渔船控制指标的统一分配，以控制捕捞业发展规模和保护我国的渔业资源。系统以Microsoft VB6．0，Delphi6．0开发，在Window98／2000／XP环境下运行。通过运行试验，对系统运行环境进行了评估，为渔政管理信息化的建设、系统升级提供了经验和技术依据。     

长江口管理界线的现状和分析

自然界河海相互关系非常密切.河海交互的河口海域,既不可同于一般典型河流,也不同于一般典型海洋.河口地区有着自身特有的现象和规律,这些特殊的现象和规律,不仅使许多河流研究者痴迷,也使许多海洋学家难以释怀.引发长江口河海划界之事或之争最初是在20世纪80年代中期,缘于河口选划海洋倾倒区,确定<海洋环境保护法>在河口区适用的地理范围.1993年财政部、国家海洋局颂布<国家海域使用管理暂行规定>,上海市出现了执行该规定的适用地理范围问题的不同意见,再次引发长江口河海划界之争.2001年12月市政府批准的<上海市海洋功能区划>虽然涵盖了长江口,但由于水务和海洋部门在长江口海域使用管理问题上争执不下,影响了上海海域使用管理工作的推进.2002年1月1日<海域管理法>施行后,长江口河海之争峰烟越燃越旺,直至现在,这一问题也没有很好解决.管理长江口海域的政府部门众多,它们在长江口海域的工作界线不同,对长江口海域的认识也很难统一意见.河口区是河海相互作用的交汇区,很难按照自然属性在河口区划出一条河海分界线,从自然科学研究角度出发也无必要划定一条河海分界线.就海洋与水行政管理部门的工作范围和工作衔接问题提出一些看法,首先是解决河海划界问题的3条基本原则:有利于经济社会发展和维护社会主义法制统一;尊重和考虑历史与现状,不纠缠细节,不排斥对方,具体问题具体分析解决;建立海洋与水行政部门之间的协调机制,以"非排他性原则"作好长江口海域权属管理的职能分工、协同配合与有机衔接.在此基础上,提出解决河海划界问题的3点办法.有关河口海域管理问题,要解决好不同部门管理上的地理范围重叠交叉和法律关系上的职能各有分工、不能相互取代、互相排斥的问题,在管理地理范围有交叉重叠的河口海域时,各自依法履行职责,共同监督管理.有关海岸带滩涂的管理问题,应以海岸线为界,在城市化地区应以一线海堤为界,海岸线或一线海堤以下滩涂的开发利用,纳入海域使用管理;海岸线以上的高滩涂,按地方滩涂管理条例进行管理.有关长江河口区的海域使用管理问题,海洋和水利行政主管部门应依据法律和各自的职责,共同监督管理,并对管理的具体做法提出4点建议.     

完善我国海洋工程勘察工作的分析和建议

海洋工程勘察是海洋经济发展的基础保障,完善海洋工程勘察工作对于坚持"五个用海"理念、保证海洋工程质量安全和推动海洋经济可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以完善我国海洋工程勘查工作为重点,从加强市场监管、资质管理和行业管理3个方面提出建议,具体包括制定相关监管条例、管理办法、技术标准和质量监督体系,提高质量和技术管理水平以及调研并公布行业发展现状、发挥国家海洋局的监管作用和开展评优工作等。     

英国海洋与海岸带管理政策研究

文章概述英国海洋与海岸带管理机构以及相关法律的基本情况,重点介绍1999年以来英国海洋与海岸带管理政策的演进,主要包括《海洋和海岸带准入法案》的颁布、海洋规划的制定、海洋保护区网的建设和生产者组织作用的发挥等,以期为我国海洋与海岸带管理提供借鉴。     

Community based fishery management within the Menai Bay conservation area: A survey of the resource user

Management strategies are challenging to implement in Zanzibar's fisheries because the local people depend upon these resources for basic subsistence. This difficulty epitomizes the vital need for sustainable management: the more people need a fishery, the harder it is to limit fishing to allow regeneration. Comparing fisheries management strategies in two coastal villages in Unguja, the largest island of Zanzibar, Tanzania, this paper confirms the results of existing scholarship that communitybased strategies provide the most promising solutions to this challenge. Interviews with officials from the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Village Fishermen Committees, and 51 fishermen in the villages of Kizimkazi Dimbani and Jambiani reveal the efficacy of strategies where local fishermen are centrally involved. The fishermen interviews reveal ignorance of existing fishing regulations and a lack of enforcement while fishermen at both sites noted that many illegal methods of fishing are still in use and expressed concern that such methods damage fish stocks. The Village Fishermen Committees, a recently implemented community-based initiative, are well attended by fishermen, and constitute a management strength that this paper concludes should be the foundation of future policy. To be successful, these committees need additional educational and financial resources.     

The continued decline in the world catch of marine fish

This brief note is an update to the authors' "The Expansion, Limit and Decline of the Global Marine Fish Catch," published in the September 2012 issue of Marine Policy. That paper examined the steady increase in the world's catch from 1950 to 1989, its slight decline and rise to a final peak in 1996. This limit has been followed by a steady decline to 2010. Since there have been improvements in the technology of fishing and no reason to believe that there has been a reduction in fishing effort, then the apparent limit and subsequent decline in the catch suggests a reduction in the supply of fish and invertebrates in the world's oceans. The earlier paper also noted the geographic shift in the world's catch to Asia and the rise of China to become the world's largest catcher of fish.