西南地区上空水汽平衡状况及其源地

６年水汽输送计算结果表明，西南地区上空终年“蓄有”气态水，年总是＋９５９０．３０亿ｍ＾３，相当水深４１５ｍｍ。此系该区水汽年总输入量＋７５６７１．３９亿ｍ６３与年总输出量－６６０８１．０亿ｍ＾３，平衡结果－前才大于后者。更深层地分析结果表明，西南地区系过西，南方国界线输入补给水汽以资对其吡邻地区进行水汽补给的我国唯一水汽内耗地区。     

华北地区上空水汽输送与其源地

根据华北地区自然边界基本走向，用不规则六边形为其模拟边界，计算了１９８１－１９８６年通过各边界的水汽量。得出该区历年均有一定数量的气态水蓄留于空中，此即空中气态水对地表水资源可能最大总补给量，年平均＋２３９０．９７亿ｍ＾３，此水量是该区多年平均水资源总量（１６２４亿ｍ＾３）的１．４７倍；若均匀铺至地面，可构成２７６ｍｍ深的水层。夏季（６－８月）既是该区水汽入流量最大时节，也是该区水汽输出的最大时期     

华中华东地区上空水汽平衡状况

华中华东地区,为我国纬度较低,涨岸线最长的地区。该区雨水资源,地表水资源量均居全国之首。其维系因子－空中水汽,业经本文计算,其年总蓄留量＋１９７７４．５４亿ｍ＾３,相当水深１３９７ｍｍ,为水资源总量的１．７６倍,全国第一。     

邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与铜显色反应的研究及应用

研究了邻羟基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯与Ｃｕ＾２＋的显色反应。在乳化剂ＯＰ存在下及ＰＨ１０．０－１２．０的Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－ＮａＯＨ缓冲介质中，Ｃｕ＾２＋和ｏ－ＨＤＡＡ形成１“３的红色配合物，其最大吸收波长为５４６ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数４．２０＊１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－３．ｃｍ＾－１。     

韩城矿区煤层气赋存特征及开发前景

韩城矿区煤炭资源丰富，１５００ｍ以浅，１１００ｋｍ＾２范围内，有煤炭资源１００亿，钻孔瓦斯含量较高。根据有资料最高的２６．１４ｍｌ／ｇ（可燃物）。１９９４年提交了《韩城矿区煤层气赋存状况及远景评价》科研报告，获得煤层气资源量为２０８０亿ｍ＾３，资源丰度约２亿ｍ＾３／ｋｍ＾２。此报告上交后，得到叫局的重视，１９９５年煤田地质总局决定在韩城矿区进行了面抽放煤层气试验工作，同年１０月，第一口井开钻，现已     

中国大陆岩石圈的化学元素丰度

中国大陆岩石圈模型的面积９６０万ｋｍ＾２，平均厚度１１０ｋｍ，体积１０．６亿ｋｍ＾３，岩石平均密度３．０６４ｇ／ｃｍ＾３、总质量３．２４５×１０＾１８ｔ。在中国大陆地壳元素丰度的基础上，作者首次求出中国大陆岩石圈的元素丰度值。其质量丰度，厚子丰度和相对丰度列于表１。此外还按１０类（７８种）元素分别讨论中国大陆岩石圈的主要化学特征。     

氢化物—原子荧光法测定岩石中痕量硒的干扰及消除

用ＨＦ－ＨＣｌＯ４－ＨＮＯ３混合酸分解样品，采用Ｆｅ＾３＋作释放剂，研究了不同量的Ｆｅ＾３＋与ＨＣｌ酸度对Ｓｅ荧光强度的影响和干扰离子消除的效果，以及Ｆｅ＾３＋存在Ｔｅ存在下对Ｓｅ测定的影响。方法的检出限为０．０１μｇ／ｇ．样品中Ｓｅ量为０．１μｇ／ｇ的相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１１）是５．４％。用于岩石标样中痕量Ｓｅ的测定，结果较好。     

白云鄂博矿床独居石氧同位素组成特征及其意义

独居石和氟碳铈矿是超大型稀土矿床－白云鄂博矿床中最主要的稀土矿物。对独居石的氧同位素研究工作国内外开展得很少，本研究对独居石氧同位素制样方法进行了讨论。在计算的独居石－水氧同位素分馏方程：１０＾３ｌｎα＝－０．０９１－４．２２４×（１０＾３／Ｔ）＋３．８９６（１０＾６／Ｔ＾２）基础上，分析了矿床白云石型矿石和萤石型矿石中独居石的氧同位素组成。独居石δ＾１８Ｏ值的变化范围为３．５‰－１１．４‰，其中     

铱——碘化钾——丁基罗丹明B的显色反应及分光光度法测定铱

在ＰＨ３．４时，铱能与碘化钾、丁基罗丹明Ｂ型成紫色络合物，其组成比Ｉｒ４＋：Ｉ＾－：ＢＲｈＢ＾＋＝１：６：２，最大吸收波长为６１０ｎｍ，ε＝１．３６×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，铱在（０－８）μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围时服从比尔定律，采用阳离子交换树脂分离大量基体离子，可对冶金物料中微量铱进行测定。     

鹤岗矿区煤层气资源评估与开发前景预测

鹤岗矿区面积２５２ｋｍ＾２，有效井田面积为１００．２１ｋｍ＾２，含煤地层厚８００～１０００ｍ，共含煤４０层，含煤系数为４．３～９．３％，大于３．５ｍ的煤层占７５％，中厚煤层占１９．２％，其中可采煤层和局部可采煤层计３６层，总厚度为３８．６～８５．８ｍ，赋存深度均在１２００ｍ以内，煤炭资源量２５６５Ｍｔ，资源量密度为１０．１８Ｍｔ／ｋｍ＾２，煤层瓦斯含量为９．４～１５．５ｍ＾２／ｔ，平均为１３ｍ＾３     

长江流域旱涝典型年大气水汽输送

利用我国125个探空站一日两次自地面至100hpa共11个层次上的观测资料,对长江流域典型夏涝年(1980年)和夏旱年(1985年)我国大气中水汽总输送场、涡动输送场及散度场进行了计算分析。结果表明:当水汽总输送场从西北、西南和东南三支气流携带的水汽交汇于长江流域,且整个水汽输送场稳定持久,则在水汽辐合带附近导致大量降水,形成洪涝;反之,当三支气流微弱不稳定,不能形成水汽辐合带条件,则形成干旱。涡动输送亦反映出类似的特征。稳定且强盛的西南气流水汽输送是形成降水的主要条件和原因。     

Observations of mid-troposhheric circulation from water vapour radiances of polar orbiting satellites

Water vapour tracers can provide useful information on winds at ≈ 500mb by observing the 6·7μ radiances. This fills the data gap in the cloud motion winds provided by conventional meteorological geostationary satellites. There is no geostationary satellite at present over the Indian Ocean with 6·7μ imaging capability to provide mid-tropospheric winds. The potentials of 6·7μ radiances, available from polar orbiting satellites, for mid-tropospheric circulation features have been examined in this study. Tiros-N satellite data of May 1979 and ECMWF level-IIIb wind data were analysed to relate the radiances with the streamlines. We find that the radiances of 6·7μ from orbiting satellites agree well with the wind field.     

Utility of DMSP-SSM/I for integrated water vapour over the Indian seas

Recent algorithms for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (DMSP-SSM/I) satellite data are used for estimating integrated water vapour over the Indian seas. Integrated water vapour obtained from these algorithms is compared with that derived from radiosonde observations at Minicoy and Port Blair islands. Algorithm-3 of Schlussel and Emery (1990) performed best. On the basis of this algorithm, distribution of integrated water vapour is determined during the monsoon depression (22nd–27th July, 1992) that formed over the Bay of Bengal.     

Water vapour periodicities over Indian Ocean during contrasting monsoons from NOAA satellite data

The satellite-derived moisture fields during different phases of two normal and poor monsoon years have been studied. Spectral analysis was performed in different zones of the monsoon region to study the nature and modes of intraseasonal fluctuations of lower layer moisture fields. Seasonal mean fields of water vapour at low and middle layers show a dry anomaly over the Arabian subcontinent and a wet anomaly over the Bay of Bengal during good monsoon years, while the anomalies show an opposite trend during the poor monsoon years. The zonal and meridional propagation of low-frequency oscillations of moisture fields has also been examined. The southward movement of low-frequency oscillations seems to be suppressed in good monsoon years as compared to the poor monsoon years, whereas the northward movement of the same shows no particular difference. Fluctuations in the 30–50 day range are found shifted to longer time-period side in the poor monsoon years.     

山西上空水汽输送和水分循环研究

利用山西省周边共8个探空站的实测资料,计算了山西省上空1959年～1992年的水汽含量和1990年的水汽收支与水汽输送通量,包括总输送、切变输送、时间涡动输送、平均输送等分量。在此基础上建立了山西省水分循环和水量平衡模型。结果表明,山西上空水汽含量年内干湿变化大于全国平均情况,多年变化存在一定的丰枯阶段性;年水汽净输入量约690亿m3,主要从西边界和南边界输入,从东边界输出,涡动输送量是主要输入机制,平均输送是主要输出机制,受强西风环流控制;山西的自然地理条件使其对大气水资源的利用率为30%,低于全国平均利用率;山西水分内循环较全国平均情况强盛,由于水分内循环的作用,可使当地蒸发形成的降水量占全年总降水量的15%;地下水开采已对大气水分循环要素产生影响,进而可能对山西省自然环境的变化产生负效应。这些事实增进了对山西省水资源的水文和水文气候学背景的认识。     

Diurnal soil water dynamics in the shallow vadose zone (field site of China University of Geosciences,China)

Because of the relatively low soil moisture in arid or semi-arid regions, water vapour movement often predominates in the vadose zone and affects the partitioning of energy among various land surface fluxes. In an outdoor sand bunker experiment, the soil water content at 10 and 30 cm depth were measured at hourly intervals for 2.5 days during October 2004. It was found that the soil moisture reached the daily maximum value (5.9–6.1% at 10 cm and 11.9–13.1% at 30 cm) and minimum value (4.4–4.5% at 10 cm and 10.4–10.8% at 30 cm) at midday (0–1 p.m. for 10 cm and 2–3 p.m. for 30 cm) and before dawn (2–3 a.m. for 10 cm and 4–5 a.m. for 30 cm), respectively. The modified HYDRUS-1D code, which refers to the coupled water, water vapour and heat transport in soil, was used to simulate the moisture and water vapour flow in the soil. The numerical analyses provided insight into the diurnal movement of liquid water and water vapour driven by the gradients of pressure heads and temperatures in the subsurface zone. The simulated temperature and water content were in good agreement with the measured values. The spatial–temporal distribution of liquid water flux, water vapour flux and soil temperature showed a detailed diurnal pattern of soil water dynamics in relatively coarse sand. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Determination of Trace Bismuth in Environmental Waters by ICP‐MS with Cobalt Ion‐Assisted Photochemical Vapour Generation

With increasing use of bismuth in industry, a better understanding of its environmental behaviour is required, including an improved knowledge of its background concentration range in (non‐saline) freshwaters. However, the poor analytical sensitivity of previous methods may lead to inaccurate measurement results for Bi³⁺ in environmental samples. In this work, cobalt ion‐assisted photochemical vapour generation (PVG) was developed for the detection of trace Bi with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) measurement. The volatile species of Bi was found to be (CH₃)₃Bi generated under UV irradiation in the presence of formic acid, acetic acid and Co²⁺. The major parameters potentially influencing the detection of Bi were investigated. Under optimised conditions, the limit of detection (3s, n = 11) of the proposed method was 0.3 ng l^?1. The analytical sensitivity was enhanced about 70‐fold for Bi³⁺ compared with that using classic pneumatic nebulisation of ICP‐MS. Furthermore, the proposed method showed better analytical sensitivity and anti‐interference ability towards co‐existing ions compared with ferric ion‐assisted PVG systems. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analysis of environmental water samples and certified reference materials with satisfactory results.     

壤中汞气测量在广东凡口厚层疏松物覆盖地区的应用

在地表疏松物厚20—40m的地区,壤中汞气测量显示了埋深200余m的盲矿体,它对疏松层下断裂带的分布也有清晰地指示。汞在地表疏松层中含量为0.06—0.2PPm,主要以气态、土壤胶体及粘土矿物吸附态形式存在。汞在铅锌矿石中含量为14—320ppm,以类质同象形式分散分布于单矿物中。壤中汞气异常是矿床在氧化过程中,痕量汞从矿石中解脱出来,以气态沿各种裂隙进入地表疏松层。