元素地球化学特征的多元统计方法研究：长江与黄河沉积物元素地球化学研究

运用因子分析,聚类分析及相关分析等多各多种元统计分析方法对长江与黄河表层沉积物化学成分进行的分析表明,长江与黄河沉只物的常量与微量元素组成具有显著差异,除Ｃａ,Ｎａ,Ｓｒ,Ｂａ,Ｔｈ,Ｚｒ,Ｈｆ等元素外,长江相对富大多数常量及微量元素,表生环境中元素具有不同的迁移,富集规律,多数元素主要以吸附态搬运而在粘土中富集,而Ｃａ,Ｎａ,Ｓｒ,Ｚｒ,Ｈｆ及一些重稀土元素则在粗粒级中含量较高,元素活动性也存在     

金家庄超基性岩型金矿蚀变矿化过程中物质组分变化定量研究

金家庄金矿围岩蚀变主要为蛇纹石化－滑石化、碳酸盐化,绿泥石化及硅化。根据不同蚀变程度透辉岩化学成分与微量元素组分得失定量计算,ＳｉＯ２,ＣａＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ,Ｎａ２Ｏ和ＣＯ,Ｃｒ,Ｐｂ等在各类蚀变透岩中明显亏损,在矿化蚀变岩和含金石英细中显著富集;ＣＯ２,Ｈ２Ｏ,Ｓ和Ａｕ,Ｃｕ在各类蚀变－矿化石中均显富集;ＴｉＯ２,ＭｇＯ,Ｖ,Ｓｒ及Ｐｒ表现为相对“惰性”。ＳｉＯ２,ＣａＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３等物质组分得失变     

莺歌海盆地上新统双壳类贝壳的锶含量及其意义

锶（Ｓｒ）是碳酸盐沉积物及软体动物介壳中的重要微量元素之一,Ｓｒ含量和Ｓｒ／Ｃａ比值的变化明显受沉积相的控制。因此,锶作为地球化学指标具有一定的环境意义。通过对南海北部莺歌海盆地莺６井上新统双壳类贝壳中的Ｓｒ含量和Ｓｒ／Ｃａ比值的变化与环境、成岩作用关系的研究,发现莺歌海盆地上新世沉积环境为上陆坡→潮下带→潮间带,所得结论与双壳类的生态环境和地层沉积相的综合分析结果一致。     

沉积物微量元素示踪地壳成分和环境及其演化的最新进展：运用冰碛岩…

为查明粒度和分选作用对沉积物ＲＥＥ配分的影响，Ｃｒｉｃｈｔｏｎ等（１９９３）对比了怀俄明州东南部年龄为２．０Ｇａ的Ｌｉｂｂｙ溪群的石英岩、泥质岩和冰碛岩的成分，发现它们的ＲＥＥ型式相似（ＬＲＥＥ富集，负Ｅｕ异常），相互间的成分差异大多可用石英的稀释作用解释。除少数元素（Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｉ和Ｃｒ）之外，Ｌｉｂｂｙ溪群和休伦超群Ｇｏｗｇａｎｄａ组冰碛岩的基质化学成分（包括ＲＥＥ）与新太古代上陆壳平均成分     

八庙-青山金红石矿床地球化学特征

金红石矿床含矿岩石常量元素总体上与玄武岩接近,但以低硅,高钛,高ＣＯ２,高碱度为特征。矿床微量元素与地壳的差别显著,稀土元素较高,分布模式呈轻稀土富集型,Ｅｕ一般为正常型与碧玄岩最接近,Ｔｉ与Ｂａ,Ｃｏ,Ｐｂ,Ｓｒ,Ｔｈ,Ｖ,Ｙ及稀土元素呈正相关与Ｃｒ和Ｎｉ呈负相关,δ＾３４Ｓ多数与（超）铁镁质岩石接近,最大值小于且靠近现代海水。     

贵州六盘水地区水城矿区晚二叠世煤的煤质特征及其控制因素

本文中研究概括了六盘水地区水城矿区晚二叠世煤的煤岩学、煤化学和煤地球化学的研究结果,探讨了煤质的控制因素。研究结果表明水城矿区煤具有适合于炼焦用煤的煤岩煤质特征（中挥发分烟煤和高挥发分烟煤Ａ,适中的显微组分比例,４９．９％～８１．８％镜质组,１１．９％～３１．９％惰性组,０．４％～１６．９％壳质组,中－低的硫含量,０．３４％～１．５％）。水城煤的煤级主要受深成变质作用的影响。水城煤的岩石学特征主要受晚二叠世水城三角洲的控制。将水城矿区煤的微量元素含量与世界平均的微量元素进行比较,水城煤具有Ｓｅ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｕ和Ｔｈ稍高富集,Ｃｓ、Ａｓ和Ｂａ低富集的特点。煤中Ｂｒ和Ｃｌ具有亲有机性     

中扬子台地北缘上震旦统碳酸盐岩中锶的分布特征及环境意义

中扬子台地北缘上震旦统碳酸盐岩沉积发育,可分为浅水台地和深水台盆两个相区和七种不同的相带。地球化学分析表明,该区碳酸盐岩中 Ｓｒ 和 Ｓｒ／ Ｃａ ×１０００ 的比值与沉积环境密切相关,由浅滩相向深水斜坡－ 盆地相明显增加。究其原因,一方面因不同沉积环境中碳酸盐矿物组分不同,影响了锶的分布;另一方面与沉积环境所决定的成岩环境有关。因此,利用微量元素锶的含量和 Ｓｒ／ Ｃａ ×１０００ 比值可以判别沉积相。     

淮北煤田煤的稀土元素地球化学

采用仪器中子活化分析法（ＩＮＡＡ）测试了淮北煤田６、３煤层１个煤样的稀土元素含量,并探讨了稀土元素地球化学特征,得出以下认识：１１个样吕的平均ΣＲＥＥ为８１．９５３５ｕｇ／ｇ;稀土元素分布模式呈左高右低的、具Ｅｕ负异常的“Ｖ”型曲线。相关分析、聚类分析的结果表明：稀土元素与灰分、陆源碎屑的元素（Ｓｉ、Ａｌ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｔｈ、Ｔａ、Ｓｃ和Ｒｂ等）的关系密切,而与海相元素（Ｃａ、Ｓｒ等）关     

深海沉积物及多金属结核中微量元素的光谱测定

用全燃烧法一次曝光发射光谱同时测定了大洋深海沉积物和多金属结核中多个微量元素；重点考察了缓冲剂和分析条件的优化，解决了大洋试样吸湿性强、光谱相互干扰多及激发时易喷溅等问题。所测项目有Ｂ、Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｇａ、Ｌａ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｃ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｌ、Ｖ、Ｙ、Ｙｂ、Ｚｎ和Ｚｒ共２０项。用国家一级深海标准物质对方法进行检验，所得结果与标准值相符，相对标准偏差（ｎ＝３０）大多在１０％左右。方法用于新研制的大洋标准物质ＧＳＭＳ＿２，３和ＧＳＰＮ＿２，３定值分析，结果与初定值符合。     

鞍山3.8Ga奥长花岗质岩石的地球化学和Nd,Sr同位素组成及其意义

鞍山地区至少存在两种类型的３．８Ｇａ陆壳岩石。白家坟奥长花岗质岩石具有正片麻岩的性质,它们相对高ＳｉＯ２、Ｎａ２Ｏ,低下ＦｅＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ,稀土含量和轻重稀土分离程度都很低。岩石Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成存在很大变化,其中ｔＤＭ和εＮｄ（３．８Ｇａ）分别为３．０７￣３．８７Ｇａ和０．８２￣１２．２３。它们是由更早期但地壳滞留时间不长的ＴＴＧ花岗质岩石部分熔融形成。Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ同位素组成变化与后期扰动有     

三种不同类型盆地煤中微量元素对比研究

本文选择阜新盆地海洲露天矿,山西大同煤田煤峪口矿和朔县和平朔煤田安太堡露天矿三种不同类型盆地的矿区进行煤中微量元素的对比研究。初步阐述了断陷盆地,陆表海盆地和大型内陆争盆地煤中的微量元素特征,对比了这种不舅地煤中微量元素的差异,并提出了产生这些差异的主要因素是泥炭沼泽形成时的沉积环境背景,泥岩沼泽相及盆地的物源区。     

Concentration and distribution of elements in Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province,China

With the aim of better understanding geochemistry of coal, 71 Late Permian whole-seam coal channel samples from western Guizhou Province, Southwest China were studied and 57 elements in them were determined. The contents of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Sn, Ta, Ti, Th, U, V, Zr, and REEs in the Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province are higher than the arithmetic means for the corresponding elements in the US coals, whereas As, Ba, Br, F, Hg, P, Se, and Tl are lower. Compared to common Chinese coals, the contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sc, Sn, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr in western Guizhou coals are higher, and As, F, Hg, Rb, Sb, Tl, and W are lower. Five groups of elements may be classified according to their mode of occurrence in coal: The first two, Group A, Tm–Yb–Lu–Y–Er–Ho–Dy–Tb–Ce–La–Nd–Pr–Gd–Sm, and Group B, As–Sr–K–Rb–Ba–F–Ash–Si–Sn–Ga–Hf–Al–Ta–Zr–Be–Th–Na, have high positive correlation coefficients with ash yield and they show mainly inorganic affinity. Some elements from Group B, such as Ba, Be, Ga, Hf, and Th, are also characterized by significant aluminosilicate affinity. In addition, arsenic also exhibits high sulfide affinity (r_S–Fe>0.5). The elements, which have negative or lower positive correlation coefficients with ash yield (with exceptions of Bi, Cs, Nb, Mn, Se, and Ti), are grouped in other four associations: Group C, Cr–V–Mo–U–Cd–Tl; Group D, Hg–Li–Sc–Ti–Eu–Nb–Cs–W; Group E, Bi–Sb; and Group F, Co–Ni–Cu–Pb–Zn–Mg–Se–Ca–Mn–S–Fe. The correlation coefficients of some elements, including Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, P, S, Sc, U, V, and Zn, with ash yield are below the statistically significant value. Only Cr and Cu are negatively correlated to ash yield (−0.07 and −0.01, respectively), showing intermediate (organic and inorganic) affinity. Manganese and Fe are characterized by carbonate affinity probably due to high content of epigenetic veined ankerite in some coals. Phosphorus has low correlation coefficients with any other elements and is not included in these six associations. There are five possible genetic types of enrichment of elements in coal from western Guizhou Province: source rock, volcanic ash, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid, groundwater, and magmatic hydrothermal inputs.     

辽宁北票地区煤中微量元素研究

对辽宁北票地区煤中微量元素进行了研究 ,将研究区煤中微量元素的平均质量分数与世界范围煤的微量元素的平均质量分数进行比较 ,发现北票煤中的Cr、Co、Ni、As、Sr、Y、Zr、Ba、Ta、Sc具有较高的富集 ,而Sn、U具有较低的富集 ,这种差异可能主要与聚煤区域的地球化学背景有关。计算了微量元素之间的相关系数 ,得出北票地区煤中稀土元素总量较世界范围稀土元素总量的平均值偏高 ,且煤中稀土元素分布模式十分相似 ,表明在成煤期间陆源物质供应相对稳定。煤中矿物主要为高岭石、石英及方解石及少量的伊利石 ,并对其中的地质成因进行了初步解释。     

Trace elements in the Goze Delchev coal deposit, Bulgaria

The geochemistry of trace elements in the underground and open-pit mine of the Goze Delchev subbituminous coal deposit have been studied. The coals in both mines are highly enriched in W, Ge and Be, and at less extent in As, Mn and Y as compared with the world-wide Clarkes for subbituminous coals. Ni and Ti are also enhanced in the underground coals, and Zr, Cr and Mo in the open-pit mine coals.Characteristic for the trace element contents in the deposit is a regular variation with depth. The following patterns were distinguished for profile I: a — the element content decreases from the bottom to the top of the bed paralleling ash distribution (Fe, Co, As, Sb, V, Y, Mo, Cs, REE, Hf, Ta, Th, P and Au); b — Ge and W are enriched in the near-bottom and near-top coals; c — in the middle part of the bed the content of K and Rb is maximal, while that of U is slightly enriched; d — Ba content decreases from the top to the bottom of the bed. In profile II, W and Be contents decrease from the bottom to the top. The near-bottom, and especially the near-roof samples of profile IV are highly enriched in Ge, while for W the highest is the content of the near-bottom sample.Ge, Be, As, Mn, Cl and Br are mainly organically associated. The organic affiliation is still strong for Co, B, Sr, Ba, Sb, U, Th, Mo, La, Ce, Sm, Tb and Yb in the underground coals, and Fe, Co, Na, W, Sr, Y and Ag in the coals from the open-pit mine. K, Rb, Ti, Zr, Hf and Ta are of dominant inorganic affinity. The chalcophile and siderophile elements correlate positively with Fe and each other and may be bound partly with pyrite or other sulphides and iron containing minerals.Compared statistically by the t-criteria, the elements Na, Li, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Mo, Fe and Be are of higher content in the open-pit mine. Tungsten is the only element of higher concentration in the underground mine. The contents of Ge, As, Sr, V, Mn, Y, Zr and P are not statistically different in both mines.It was supposed that there were multiple sources of the trace elements in the deposit. The source of the highly enriched elements (W, Ge, Be, and As) most probably were the thermal waters in the source area. The contemporary mineral springs are of high content of these elements. Another source were the hosting Mesta volcanic rocks, which are enriched in Sb, Mo, Hf, U, Th, As, Li and Rb. Some of the volcanics were hydrothermally altered and enriched or depleted of many elements. Thus, the hydrothermal solutions were also suppliers of elements for the coals. It is obvious that the contents, distribution and paragenesis, of the trace elements in both Goze Delchev coals reflect the geochemical specialization of the source area, including rocks, paleo- and contemporary thermal waters.     

The fate of trace elements in a large coal-fired power plant

 A quick approach is proposed to evaluate the environmental fate of trace elements in coal-fired power plants. It is based on the analysis of feed coal and solid combustion by-products, together with the leachates of the latter. The application of this method in a 1050 MW power plant from NE Spain shows that: (1) Ba, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Dy, Ga, Ge, La, Lu, Mn, Ni, Rb, Sr, Tb, Th, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr were retained in the solid wastes; (2) As, B, Be, Cd, Cr, Li, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ta, Tl, U, V and W were only partially retained in the solid wastes; and (3) Hg and Se were primarily emitted to the atmosphere. Received: 2 February 2000 · Accepted: 18 May 2000     

Mineral and inorganic chemical composition of the Pernik coal, Bulgaria

The mineral and inorganic chemical composition of five types of samples from the Pernik subbituminous coals and their products generated from the Pernik preparation plant were studied. They include feed coal, low-grade coal, high-grade coal, coal slime, and host rock. The mineral matter of the coals contains 44 species that belong mainly to silicates, carbonates, sulphates, sulphides, and oxides/hydroxides, and to a lesser extent, chlorides, biogenic minerals, and organic minerals. The detrital minerals are quartz, kaolinite, micas, feldspars, magnetite, cristobalite, spessartine, and amphibole. The authigenic minerals include various sulphides, silicates, oxihydroxides, sulphates, and carbonates. Several stages and substages of formation were identified during the syngenetic and epigenetic mineral precipitations of these coals. The authigenic minerals show the greatest diversity of mineral species as the epigenetic mineralization (mostly sulphides, carbonates, and sulphates) dominates qualitatively and quantitatively. The epigenetic mineralization was a result of complex processes occurring mostly during the late development of the Pernik basin. These processes indicate intensive tectonic, hydrothermal and volcanic activities accompanied by a change from fresh to marine sedimentation environment. Thermally altered organic matter due to some of the above processes was also identified in the basin. Most of the trace elements in the Pernik coals (Mo, Be, S, Zr, Y, Cl, Ba, Sc, Ga, Ag, V, P, Br, Ni, Co, Pb, Ca, and Ti) show an affinity to OM and phases intimately associated with OM. Some of the trace elements (Sr, Ti, Mn, Ba, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, As, Ag, Yb, Sn, Ga, Ge, etc.) are impurities in authigenic and accessory minerals, while other trace elements (La, Ba, Cu, Ce, Sb, Bi, Zn, Pb, Cd, Nd, etc.) occur as discrete phases. Elements such as Sc, Be, Y, Ba, V, Zr, S, Mo, Ti, and Ga exceed Clarke concentrations in all of the coal types studied. It was also found that a number of elements in the Pernik coals (F, V, As, Pb, Mo, Li, Sr, Ti, Ga, Ni, Ge, Cr, Mn, etc.) reveal mobility in water and could have some environmental concerns.     

Behaviour of the trace elements in a front of metasomatic-metamorphism in the Dalradian of Co. Donegal

The epidioritc and quartzite of the Malin Head district, (Ireland) are considered by Holmes and Reynolds [7] to be metasomatically transformed into skarn-rocks and mica-schist respectively. The trace element contents of these rocks were investigated using semi-quantitative methods in order to study the behaviour of the different trace elements during the metasomatic changes which have taken place. The elements which have been determined are Rb, Ba, Ag and Pb; Sr, Y and La; Li, Cr, Ni, Co, V, Cu, Sc, Sn and Mo; Ga; Zr, Be, Tl, Ge and In. The trace elements follow the major elements for which they can substitute in favourable crystal lattices, the substitution being in accord with Goldschmidts rules. Rb, Ba and probably Pb and Ag follow and substitute for K; Sr and Y for Ca and probably K; Li, Cr, Ni, Co, V, Cu, Sc, Sn and Mo for Mg, Fe² and Fe³; and Ga for Al.     

Distribution of environmental sensitive trace elements in the Eocene Sorgun coals, Turkey

The distribution of trace elements in the lower Eocene coal seam mined in the Yeniceltek, Kucukkohne and Ayridam coal mines from the Sorgun Basin was investigated in relation to ash content and maceral composition. The coal seam is mainly composed of huminite. In the present study, 35 samples from five seam sections were collected on the basis of megascopic characteristics. Results were determined using an energy dispersive polarised X-ray fluorescence (EDP-XRF) spectrometer on a whole-coal dry basis. Most of the major and trace elements studied are enriched in high-ash samples, while Ba, Br, Mn and W show relative enrichments in low-ash samples. Most of elements studied, such as Ga, Ce, La, Th, Nb, Rb, Zr, V, Cu, U, Pb, Sb, Cs, Sn, Cr, Se, Y and Zn, are primarily associated with mineral matter (clay minerals). Arsenic and a part of Zn, Se and Sb are probably concentrated in pyrites in the samples. Element concentrations show statistically significant negative correlations with many macerals and positive relationships with only attrinite that is mainly mixed with mineral matter (clay minerals and small quartz grains) in the samples. Nine trace elements (As, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th and U), considered as potentially Hazardous Air Pollutants, are present in low to moderate concentrations. The mean values of trace element concentrations display relative enrichments in Se (2.8 ppm), Th (21 ppm) and W (26 ppm) in the investigated samples in comparison with other coals in the world.     

Characterization of trace elements in sulphur-rich Late Permian coals in the Heshan coal field,Guangxi, South China

The concentration of trace elements and their distribution in the late Permian coal in the Heshan coal field, Guangxi Autonomous Region, were analysed in this paper. The late Permian coal of the Heshan mining district was developed in a low energy and shallow, confined carbonate platform. Heshan coal is a low volatile bituminous coal characterized by a high sulphur content, ranging between 2.0% and 8.2%. Compared with the worldwide average content of the trace elements in coal, the content of some trace element in the study coal is markedly high (Bi, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zr, La, Mo, Nb and Sc).The trace element associations were investigated by means of intracorrelation analysis. Some elements, such as Cl, F and Sr are found in coal in association with the carbonate minerals. V, Cr, Zn, Mo, Ni and As contents in coal vary significantly amongst the coal samples. They are mainly concentrated in the lower part of the coal #4 upper of Suhe and Lilan mines and the coal #4 lower of Dong mine, and these possibly occurring in minerals such as arsenide and sulphide. The content of U in Heshan coal is high and is mainly concentrated at the upper and the lower parts of the coal seam and it is associated with mineral assemblages with Ba, Mo, V, Ni, Zn, Rb and Cr. Furthermore, La and Ce are highly correlated with those found in phosphate minerals and Pb, Sc, Ga, Th, Y and Sn to those in aluminosilicate minerals. The enrichment of some elements such as V, Cr, Zn, Mo, Ni, Rb as well as total sulphur and iron in the lower part of most coal seams might be associated with the formation of soil horizon before the accumulation of peat in the basin. Some other elements such as Cl, F, Sr and Ca are locally concentrated in the top of specific coal seams as a result of the leaching from overlying carbonates.     

中国几个主要煤产地煤中微量元素特征

采用原煤直接溶样和使用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ方法对我国平朔,大同,六盘水和唐山几个主要煤产地煤的微是元素进行了检测,报道了这几个主要煤产地煤中５１种微量元素含量,并对基含量特征进行了讨论,研究表明,与海水有关的过渡相沉积环境中的煤的Ｌｉ,Ｂｅ,Ｓｃ,Ｔｉ,Ｖ,Ｚｎ,Ｃｕ,Ｇａ,Ａｓ,Ｓｅ,Ｙ,Ｚｒ,Ｓｎ,Ｐｂ,Ｔｈ,Ｕ和稀土元素含量相对较高,内陆湖泊沉积环境中的煤的微量元素含量相对较低。