云南梁河县来利山锡矿床成矿地质条件分析

笔者参与了云南省腾冲-梁河地区锡多金属矿整装勘查,按照勘查区找矿预测理论与方法(叶天竺等,2014),对典型矿床—梁河利山锡矿床地质资料进行综合分析,该矿床成矿地质体为喜马拉雅早期的中-粗粒黑云母正长花岗岩体;成矿构造为北东向组断层;成矿结构面为北东向组断层的断层面或断层破碎带;成矿作用特征标志有蚀变分带、矿物组合及围岩蚀变特征。     

成矿地质体找矿预测理论与方法

在大量典型矿床剖析的基础上,以矿物学、岩石学、矿床学、构造地质学、地球化学等基础理论为指导,以大量实地观察和实验数据为支撑,通过总结矿山深部和外围找矿实践和典型矿床研究成果,按照成矿作用内因和外因相结合的辩证思维,成矿作用时间、空间、物质能量相统一的综合思维,以及元素地球化学分类和找矿预测矿床分类的比较思维,提出成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志等概念。成矿地质体是形成矿床主要矿产、决定主成矿阶段空间位置的成矿地质作用的实物载体,划分为沉积作用、火山作用、岩浆作用、变质作用和大型变形作用形成的5类成矿地质体。成矿结构面是赋存矿体的各类界面,包括构造界面、岩性界面、物理化学转换界面;成矿作用特征标志是能够直接指示矿体赋存位置和对找矿预测具有特殊意义的标志。依据成矿地质作用对中国主要矿床类型进行梳理划分,归纳总结了主要矿床类型的地质特征,构建了反映矿体赋存位置的成矿地质体-成矿结构面-成矿作用特征标志“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型。在此基础上,提出勘查区找矿预测的工作方法,对矿床学研究、找矿预测、矿产勘查工作具有重要的指导意义。     

粤北诸广整装勘查区城口矿床“三位一体”成矿特征及成矿模式

基于"三位一体"(成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志)找矿理论,结合年代学、岩石学、构造地质学、地球化学研究,综合分析并归纳粤北诸广整装勘查区城口矿床的成矿模式和控矿因素,认为城口矿床成矿地质体形成于145~160 Ma燕山早期(γ_5~2),为具有硅化、赤铁矿化的面状蚀变花岗岩体,且具高硅、富碱、贫镁、铝过饱和的岩石地球化学特征;矿化点和异常点主要分布在NEE-SWW向断裂构造上,位于断裂构造交会处;成矿作用标志以蚀变特征为主,具蚀变分带现象,矿化与硅化、绢云母化、赤铁矿化关系密切,矿体主要赋存于强硅化、强绢云母化、强赤铁矿化的蚀变带中。结合成矿U元素"源-动-储-变"特征,提出U元素活化、活化U运移、活化U沉淀、铀矿沉淀储藏4阶段成矿模式,明确城口地区矿床的成矿因素,供该地区铀矿地质勘查工作参考。     

安徽金寨沙坪沟整装勘查区铅锌矿“三位一体”成矿特征及找矿预测

沙坪沟整装勘查区位于安徽北淮阳成矿带内,是皖西地区最主要的钼铅锌多金属矿化集中区。研究区内已探明十余处铅锌矿,以小型矿为主,但缺乏较为系统的研究和总结。为了厘定区内铅锌矿与成矿地质体的关系以及成矿构造和成矿结构面的类型和属性,总结成矿作用特征标志,指导找矿预测,本文开展了区内典型矿床"三位一体"成矿特征的总结研究。研究结果揭示区内铅锌矿化类型分为角砾岩型、矽卡岩型、构造蚀变岩型和热液脉型4种,成矿地质体为燕山晚期中酸性岩浆岩,成矿构造为NE向和NW向断裂构造交会部位,成矿结构面主要为NE和NW断裂构造面、角砾岩筒、层间破碎带以及接触带等。在总结归纳铅锌矿成矿作用特征和找矿预测要素的基础上,建立起区内铅锌矿找矿预测地质模型,并对找矿潜力作出评价。     

安徽省休宁—歙县地区金多金属矿床找矿预测地质模型

与燕山期花岗岩有关的岩浆热液型金多金属矿床是皖南地区最重要的矿床类型。在对该区典型矿床研究的基础上,通过研究成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面、成矿作用特征等,按照三维二元结构特征构建安徽休宁—歙县地区金多金属矿床找矿预测地质模型。该模型表达了勘查区已知的和推测的矿床(体)地质特征,对勘查区乃至皖南地区金多金属矿的勘查具有理论指导和实际应用价值。     

勘查区找矿预测理论与方法及其应用案例

降低勘查风险、实现科学找矿一直是国内外矿产勘查界不断探索的前缘领域和研究热点,而勘查区找矿预测理论与方法是解决这一难题的有效途径。该方法将成矿作用内因（元素的地球化学特征）和外因（地质作用类型）相结合,构建以成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主要内容的找矿预测地质模型,通过大比例尺构造蚀变填图、物化探测量和专题研究等综合方法,预测推断矿体赋存位置,最后通过工程施工,发现并查明工业矿体（矿床）。依据勘查区找矿预测理论与方法,在四川拉拉铜矿、新疆玛尔坎苏锰矿带穆呼?玛尔坎土锰矿及内蒙古大兴安岭南段敖脑达坝地区锡多金属矿开展找矿预测,取得了较好效果。      

成矿地质体找矿预测理论与方法在矿产勘查中的应用

成矿地质体找矿预测理论与方法的创建为中国勘查区找矿工作提供了理论指导和方法遵循,已广泛应用于矿集区、老矿山深部与外围的找矿预测和矿产勘查中。在河南省银洞坡金银矿集区、甘肃省早子沟金矿、四川省拉拉铜矿集区等83个矿集区和168座矿山取得了良好的找矿效果。该理论方法的核心是构建成矿地质体-成矿构造和成矿结构面-成矿作用特征标志“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型。总结了应用成矿地质体找矿预测理论与方法开展找矿预测工作的流程和要点：开展预研究提出找矿思路,研究典型矿床确定主攻矿床类型;研究成矿地质体确定找矿方向,研究成矿构造与成矿结构面确定矿体赋存位置,研究成矿作用特征标志提供矿体赋存依据,构建找矿预测地质模型确定成矿作用中心;综合地质、物探、化探方法,预测深部矿体空间位置;探矿工程验证实现找矿突破。本次研究为找矿预测工作提供了思路和示范,为新一轮找矿突破战略行动提供了支撑服务。     

三位一体找矿预测模型的表达式

三位一体找矿预测模型是勘查区找矿预测理论遵循的原则。三位是指成矿地质体、成矿结构面、成矿作用标志,一体是指矿体、矿床或矿田。可以理解为成矿地质体、成矿结构面、成矿作用标志决定矿体、矿床或矿田产出的空间位置,反映的是成矿要素与成矿产物之间的空间关系,或者空间结构模型,是由某一个成矿地质体决定的矿床成矿系统的最小单元,如某斑岩体决定的次火山热液成矿系统和同生断裂决定的热水沉积成矿系统。 根据中国地质调查局(2016)颁发的1:50 000 矿产地质调查工作指南(试行),成矿地质体是指与矿床形成在时间、空间和成因上有密切联系的地质体。成矿结构面是指赋存矿体的显性或隐性存在的岩石物理及化学性质不连续面,也就是赋存矿体的各类界面。成矿作用标志是指能够直接指示矿体赋存位置的、对找矿预测具有特殊意义的标志(中国地质调查局,2016)。矿床成岩成矿年代学及成矿作用产物与成矿地质体的空间关系表明,成矿地质体在成矿过程中,仍然主要起导矿构造的作用,尽管部分成矿现象类似于侧分泌成矿,但规模热液矿床的形成必然伴随着大规模流体沿构造通道持续或间歇性运移。完整的成矿系统必然包含源、运、储三个基本环节(翟裕生,2005),所以成矿地质体也可以表述为导矿构造,进而将三位一体找矿预测模型定性地表述为导矿构造、成矿结构面和成矿作用标志决定成矿作用产物产出的空间位置。模型的定量表示则需要研究导矿构造、成矿结构面和成矿作用标志的响应范围及其耦合关系。     

内蒙古乌奴耳铅锌银钼矿床蚀变矿物分带及原生晕特征

乌奴耳矿床位于内蒙古东部大兴安岭造山带中段中生代火山岩覆盖区,为近年来新发现的陆相火山岩型多金属矿床.为了对该矿区的进一步深部找矿勘查工作提供围岩蚀变和岩石地球化学信息,对乌奴耳矿床进行了详细的野外地质特征研究、岩石蚀变分带研究和原生晕研究.乌奴耳矿床中存在多期多阶段矿化特征:第1阶段斑岩型钼矿化,主要产于矿床深部的花岗斑岩体内;第2阶段岩浆热液（隐爆角砾岩）型铅锌矿化,主要产于花岗斑岩体顶部及其附近围岩的隐爆角砾岩中;第3阶段浅成低温热液型铅锌银矿化,主要产于浅部张性断裂构造中.矿区内存在至少两期与成矿关系密切的构造事件,张性断裂构造是重要的控矿因素和找矿标志.乌奴耳矿床中具有明显的围岩蚀变分带特征,蚀变矿物分布与已知矿体产状具有较好的对应关系,是重要的找矿标志之一.岩石原生晕异常分布与已知矿体具有较好的对应关系,具有明显的前缘晕-近矿晕-尾晕元素组合分带特征,能够为乌奴耳矿床深部找矿提供可靠信息.综合以上主要找矿信息特征,预测在乌奴耳矿床Ⅱ矿段207勘探线剖面深部有盲矿体存在.      

金寨县银水寺铅锌矿床“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型的构建

"三位一体"找矿预测地质模型是叶天竺在实施《全国危机矿山接替资源找矿规划》基础上提出的勘查区找矿预测理论与方法。本文根据这一预测理论与方法,在对安徽省金寨县银水寺层控矽卡岩型铅锌矿床地质特征总结基础上,对该矿床成矿作用与成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面及成矿地质作用特征标志进行系统总结,初步建立了银水寺铅锌矿床"三位一体"找矿预测地质模型,以期抛砖引玉,对该地区今后开展深部找矿有所启迪和帮助。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of