路堤荷载下水泥土桩复合地基沉降理论计算

基于路堤荷载下桩土非等应变条件和考虑了桩土相互作用、桩间土竖向与径向位移、桩土侧面产生相对滑移以及桩侧产生负摩阻力等特点的复合地基桩间土竖向变形模式,推导了水泥土桩复合地基桩间土沉降的理论计算公式,并以桩土单元体范围内的桩间土平均沉降值作为复合地基沉降,进一步推导了水泥土桩复合地基总沉降量、下卧层压缩变形量的理论计算表达式（两者之差即为加固区压缩变形量）。理论分析表明,复合地基加固区压缩量小于同深度天然地基压缩量,复合地基下卧层压缩量小于天然地基下卧层压缩量,复合地基总沉降量小于天然地基总沉降量。同时,理论计算结果与有限元计算结果以及现场实测结果三者比较一致。     

地震-列车移动荷载耦合作用下高铁路基振动特性研究

基于轨道结构-路基-地基动力相互作用理论,建立考虑地震-列车移动荷载耦合输入的轨道结构-路基-地基动力学模型,研究高速铁路路基及轨道在耦合荷载作用下的振动响应问题。通过编制DLOAD子程序并与ABAQUS有限元计算程序联立,实现地震荷载与列车移动荷载耦合作用的施加,以高速铁路桩承式路基及自由式路基为研究对象,对地震-列车移动荷载耦合作用下两种路基系统的动力响应进行数值计算并比较两者的振动响应差异。结果表明,耦合荷载对桩承式路基动力响应影响显著,该荷载作用下桩承式路基会发生共振现象,使得桩承式路基中轨道和路基振动位移幅值均大于自由式路基的振动位移幅值;桩承式路基不会影响路基系统的振动频率,但会改变路基系统的振动大小,桩承式路基中轨道X方向加速度、路肩边及路基坡脚处的竖向加速度分别减小6.2%、50%、28.6%。     

用通用有限元程序分析精密设备基础沉降的方法

采用弹性有限元方法计算了设备对地基的附加应力，根据土力试验数据验算了地基的沉降，完成了要用专门的土力学程序分析计算的工作，得到满意的结果。本文的工作对于精确分析基础沉降有借鉴作用。     

轨道交通荷载下路基土的动力学相关进展

随着经济和技术的快速发展,路基土动力学相关问题变得越来越重要。文中提炼出了轨道交通荷载下路基土动力学的3类科学问题:振动对周边影响;沉降对安全的影响;以及路基-轨道系统的共振。并对这3类问题的研究现状和发展趋势进行概述,提出了未来的研究方向,指出重点应建立车辆-轨道-地基耦合系统模型,加强地基土内部的沉降附加应力和土体内部动应力研究,大力发展无碴轨道技术。     

粉煤灰改良膨胀土的动强度试验研究

环境污染以及矿物资源的枯竭等因素强烈地激发了粉煤灰利用的研究和开发。粉煤灰改良作为地基的一种处理方法,越来越广泛地应用于公路路基的建设中。随着车辆速度的提高、车辆荷载的增加,动载对路基的影响引起人们的关注。本文以粉煤灰改良的膨胀土为研究对象,通过压实非饱和试件的动三轴试验,考察了粉煤灰掺入量确定的条件下,循环次数、动荷大小、围压等对土体动强度的影响。由试验结果绘出振次—轴向应变、动强度破坏振次关系曲线。结果表明:粉煤灰改良的非饱和膨胀土没有显著的屈服特征,可采用常规应变标准对应的振次作为破坏振次。     

非饱和土的固结与水力特性研究

采用平均土骨架应力代替Bishop的非饱和土的有效应力,基于分析体积变形连续性条件建立了简化的一维非饱和土固结方程,分析计算了非饱和土在固结过程中孔隙压力、平均土骨架应力、饱和度的变化情况。同时建立了耦合水力特性的非饱和土本构模型和屈服方程。算例计算结果表明本文提出的非饱和土简化固结理论和耦合水力特性的非饱和土应力应变本构模型的有效性。     

路基对地基土液化特性的影响

本文依托河海大学岩土所独立研发的程序WWCC,以广东省广珠东线中（山）-江（门）高速公路为工程背景,选取一处地基土层为基本模型,在三条不同地震波（人工波,汶川波E,汶川波N）作用下,通过动力有限元计算分析,对加载路基堆荷前后的地基土抗液化能力进行对比分析。结果表明公路地基在相同地震荷载作用下,增加路基堆荷后的抗液化能力明显提高,抗液化安全系数随着土层深度的增加逐渐增大,并通过改变路基的高度进一步分析路基荷载对地基土液化特性的影响。结果表明路基越高,地基土的抗液化能力越大。本文通过研究路堤对地基土液化特性的影响,证明路基荷载对公路工程抗液化是偏安全的。     

城际快速铁路软土路基沉降控制新技术

根据软土地基上修建城际快速铁路路基遇到的沉降控制问题,结合近年来相关城际快速铁路的软基加固试验研究和工程建设情况,简要介绍了几种适用于城际快速铁路软土地基沉降控制新技术,包括PCC桩复合地基技术、浆固碎石桩复合地基技术、现浇X形桩复合地基技术、桩板结构技术等,讨论了沉降控制的几个关键环节。     

土工格栅在复合地基中对桩与土的作用机制数值分析研究

土工格栅加筋垫层复合地基近年来在处理软土路基中得到了广泛应用,但土工格栅在复合地基中对桩与土的作用机制,尚无系统研究。基于弹塑性摩尔库仑模型,采用PLAXIS有限元软件,详细分析了无土工格栅和有土工格栅在不同抗拉强度下对路基沉降、侧向位移,桩的轴力和剪力以及基础的应力扩散等影响,得到土工格栅能有效减少路基沉降及侧向位移等结论,对于路基工程中土工格栅强度的选取及其它应用具有一定的指导作用。     

海相结构性软黏土地基的沉降特性研究

通过室内试验获得了海相结构性软黏土的初始屈服面;考虑不同埋深处地基土的初始结构屈服面之间的相似性规律,应用结构性本构模型,结合工程实测数据,对海相软黏土地基土体屈服与地基沉降之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,结构性本构模型能够较好地模拟海相结构性软黏土地基的沉降变形;结构性土地基的土体屈服是由浅及深逐步发展的,虽然存在低荷载时沉降小、高荷载时沉降大且呈非线性增大的现象,但这是渐变的过程,沉降量—时间—填土高度曲线上不能确定显著的转折点,通过观察沉降曲线的转折点来确定临界填土高度的方法将难以实现。     

Accumulative deformation in railway track induced by high-speed traffic loading of the trains

Prediction and control of the permanent settlement of a track caused by traffic loading from trains is crucial to high-speed railway design and maintenance. In this study, a unified prediction model of accumulative deformation of geomaterials used in railway construction subjected to cyclic loadings is introduced and calibrated using physical model testing. Based on this versatile model, a calculation approach to determine the track structure settlement under repeated loadings caused by the movement of the wheel axle of the train is proposed. Regression analysis on the physical model testing is adopted to determine the parameters involved in the computational approach. Comparison of model test data and computed results shows that the parameters obtained from the back-analysis are consistent throughout the various testing conditions, and the proposed calculation approach is capable of satisfactorily predicting the accumulative settlement of the railway roadbed and subgrade soil for various axle loads and loading cycles. A case study of a high-speed railway is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in realistic engineering applications. The computation results from the settlement development of a roadbed and subgrade soil are presented and discussed.     

The Shaking Table Test on the Performance of Cement-mixed Piles in Liquefiable Railway Foundations

Cement-mixed piles, as countermeasure against liquefaction of silt and sand ground, can improve the shear strength and bearing capacity of foundation soil, meaning cement-mixed piles are capable of resisting displacement when an earthquake happens. However, investigations of cement-mixed piles by experimental methods such as the shaking table test is few and far between. It is especially true for the seismic performance of cement-mixed piles in liquefiable railway foundations in high seismic intensity regions. To this end, a cross-section of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway was selected as the prototype and studied by the shaking table test in this study. The results showed that composite foundation of cement-mixed piles was not liquefied when the seismic acceleration was lower than 0.30g. In the process of acceleration increasing from 0.30g at 2Hz to 0.60g at 3Hz, the upper middle silt outside slope toe was partly liquefied. The foundation soil under the shoulders and center of subgrade was far from the initial liquefaction criterion during the test. Cement-mixed piles can effectively reduce the embankment settlement and differential settlement. It can be concluded that, the design of cement-mixed piles can ensure the seismic performance of the subgrade, and satisfy the seismic design requirements of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway in areas of VⅢ degrees seismic fortification intensity.     

高速铁路路堤中WIB减隔振效果研究

为研究高速铁路路堤中WIB(波阻板)的减隔振效果,构建了简易的铁路路堤原理性试验模型,获得了在WIB底面与路堤顶面垂直间距不同时、在路堤面上的简谐荷载作用下引起的振动波在模型表面的传播衰减规律,分析了铁路路基中WIB底面与路堤顶面垂直间距不同时的减隔振效果;构建了高速铁路路基三维动力数值仿真分析模型,并进行对比分析,验证了模型试验的合理性。结果表明:在高速铁路路堤的基床底层中设置WIB,越靠近路堤顶面,减隔振效果越好;在基床底层的顶面设置WIB的减隔振效果优于在基床表层设置WIB。     

不同加载方式下黄土累积变形特征研究

土体动力特性主要与其受力状态、土体加载类型、试验控制方式以及荷载等参数有关。以往非饱和黄土累积变形试验研究通过单向动应力加载方式开展相关研究,并不能真实反映土体受力状态。现运用WF-12440型动三轴-空心圆柱扭剪试验系统,通过单向荷载和双向荷载两种不同的动应力加载方式,进行黄土的长期重复载荷试验,对比不同动应力加载方式对非饱和黄土累积变形发展特征的影响。试验结果发现：黄土在单向荷载或双向荷载作用下,其软化指数均随着循环次数的增加,呈非线性减小的趋势,在相同循环振次时,土体软化指数随着动应力幅值的增大而减小;黄土在不同加载方式作用下,软化指数减小速率在循环振次100次以内较快,后期随振次增加,土体软化速率逐渐趋于平稳;黄土在双向荷载作用下,当轴向动荷载较小时,径向荷载的施加,将加速黄土的软化程度,随着轴向动荷载的增大,径向荷载对黄土软化的影响逐渐减弱,其对于黄土变形的影响存在一临界轴向循环动应力。本研究的开展,可更准确地进行不同荷载耦合变化下,黄土场地震陷评估或路基土体变形计算,实现有效控制路基的整体稳定和工后沉降量,以期根据路基土参数预测后期沉降,极具重要的科研和工程意义。     

交通荷载作用红层填料道路沉降细观模拟

为研究G6京藏高速兰州—海石湾段红层路基填料导致的沉降问题,建立二自由度路基路面耦合离散元模型。通过迭代运算,得到各层材料的细观参数,编写Fish函数,用冲击荷载及半正弦荷载模拟交通荷载作用,在此基础上分析荷载作用下路基路面各层颗粒的位移和应力时程曲线。研究表明：基层与红层填料交界面处出现位移分层现象,基层受水平拉应力作用,是裂缝发展的高风险区,在公路运营过程中应定期重点监测该区域裂缝的发生。PFC模型实现了路基土体及路面结构层在离散元软件中协同变形的耦合,为不良路基地区道路的病害问题及沉降变形计算提供研究思路,为该地区后续的路基病害整治奠定理论基础。     

高速铁路桥梁-桥墩-桩基础-地基耦合系统的地震反应

高速铁路中的桥梁常采用灌注桩基础以控制沉降,地震作用是桩基础的设计工况之一。建立桥梁-桥墩-桩基础-地基为一体的耦合系统非线性三维数值分析模型,以典型地震波为输入,考虑上部结构和基础的共同工作、土-结构动力相互作用、材料非线性和土层对桩的侧阻及端阻作用,开展三向地震作用下的动力有限元计算,并对地基主要土层压缩模量、桩体材料弹性模量、桩径和桩长进行参数敏感性分析。计算结果表明:现行的桩基础设计方案能有效控制地震荷载作用下桥梁的变形;地震过程中的不同时刻,桩侧阻发挥程度不同且不可忽略,以单纯的梁单元模拟桩的动力学行为的适用性值得商榷;桩长和地基主要土层压缩模量对桥梁地震反应影响最大,桩体材料弹性模量的影响次之,桩径的影响最小。     

Model tests on XCC-piled embankment under dynamic train load of high-speed railways

Piled embankments, which offer many advantages, are increasingly popular in construction of high-speed railways in China. Although the performance of piled embankment under static loading is well-known, the behavior under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is not yet understood. In light of this, a heavily instrumented piled embankment model was set up, and a model test was carried out, in which a servo-hydraulic actuator outputting M-shaped waves was adopted to simulate the process of a running train. Earth pressure, settlement, strain in the geogrid and pile and excess pore water pressure were measured. The results show that the soil arching height under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is shorter than under static loading. The growth trend for accumulated settlement slowed down after long-term vibration although there was still a tendency for it to increase. Accumulated geogrid strain has an increasing tendency after long-term vibration. The closer the embankment edge, the greater the geogrid strain over the subsoil. Strains in the pile were smaller under dynamic train loads, and their distribution was different from that under static loading. At the same elevation, excess pore water pressure under the track slab was greater than that under the embankment shoulder.     

Full-scale model testing on a ballastless high-speed railway under simulated train moving loads

Model testing in laboratory, as an effective alternative to field measurement, provides valuable data to understand railway׳s dynamic behaviors under train moving loads. This paper presents comprehensive experimental results on track vibration and soil response of a ballastless high-speed railway from a full-scale model testing with simulated train moving loads at various speeds. A portion of a realistic ballastless railway comprising slab track, roadbed, subgrade, and subsoil was constructed in a larger steel box. A computer-controlled sequential loading system was developed to generate equivalent vertical loadings at the track structure for simulating the dynamic excitations due to train׳s movements. Comparisons with the field measurements show that the proposed model testing can accurately reproduce dynamic behaviors of the track structure and underlying soils under train moving loads. The attenuation characteristics of dynamic soil stresses in a ballastless slab track is found to have distinct differences from that in a ballasted track. The model testing results provide better understanding of the influence of dynamic soil–structure interaction and train speed on the response of track structure and soils.     

南口污水处理厂强夯处理地基瑞雷波检测

瑞雷波相速度V_R可以反映一定深度范围内岩土体的物理力学性质.与常规检测方法相比,瑞雷波检测具有分辨率高、受场地影响小、检测设备简单、检测速度快等优点,能够胜任大面积地基处理效果的检测.本文主要介绍瑞雷波检测在南口镇污水处理厂场地地基强夯处理效果检测中的应用.比较对应测点处持力层深度范围内的瑞雷波速与原位载荷试验数据,得出了准基床系数K与瑞雷波波速V_R的统计关系,据此将强夯地基持力层深度上的V_R分布转换为K值的分布,进而得出了场区地基处理土体在设计荷载作用下的沉降量分布.根据上述测试结果对场区地基强夯处理效果进行了评价.