花垣铅锌矿床中沥青的初步研究--MVT铅锌矿床有机地化研究(Ⅰ)

湘西花垣铅锌矿床是一个产于下寒武统清虚洞组碳酸盐岩中的大型ＭＶＴ铅锌矿床,含矿岩系为大陆边缘相的藻灰岩、鲕粒灰岩夹黑色泥质条带灰岩。矿区及外围的寒武系中有大量沥青出现。矿区的沥青以细粒状、鳞片状充填于矿石的晶间孔隙或裂缝中,与闪锌矿、方铅矿共生。外围沥青多充填于石英重晶石脉的晶洞中或断裂带中。根据沥青的Ｒｏｍａｘ,Ｈ／Ｃ（原子比）,Ｔｍａｘ℃,ＰｙＧｃ,δ１２Ｃ,ＲＥＥ和微量元素测定,矿区的沥青的热演化程度较高（Ｒｏｍａｘ＝４．３２％－４．７０％;,Ｈ／Ｃ（原子比）＝０．５,Ｔｍａｘ＝４０６－６００℃）,属脆沥青－２阶段,其演化程度与矿床的成矿温度相吻合（均一温度范围：８０～２００℃,均值１３５－１５１℃）。沥青的类型属原生－同层型,有机质来源可能与主岩有关,并参与成矿作用。     

花垣铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及动态

花垣铅锌矿床是近年来发现的产于上寒武统清虚洞组藻灰岩－鲕粒灰岩中的大型密西西比型（ＭＶＴ）铅锌矿床。根据矿床中大量流体包裹体的详细研究,成矿流体为高盐度的低温 水,流体报相组分中,Ｈ２Ｏ占有主要部分,ＣＯ２＋ＣＨ４约为５％,１ｇｆｏ２稳定在－４８．０￣－４９．００之间,ｐＨ为４．３￣５．８,Ｅｈ为－０．０７￣－０．１ｅＶ,此外,流体组分中,钠离子的含量大于甲离子,钙离子大于镁离子,而氯离子大于氟离     

西藏江达县颠达铅锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

颠达铅锌矿床区域上北西、北西西向断裂、褶皱十分发育.铅锌矿体呈似层状、脉状沿断层接触带产于F₁断层上盘波里拉组（T₃b）中厚层状泥晶灰岩中.矿石类型简单,矿体的产出受地层、构造控制较为明显.根据矿床地质特征,结合区域地质构造演化,认为本矿床是该区较为典型的碳酸盐岩层控热液脉型铅锌矿床,并建立了成矿模式.     

花垣铅锌矿床包裹体气相组份研究--MVT矿床有机成矿作用研究(Ⅱ)

矿床包裹体中气液相组份,是矿床成因的重要的直接物质证据,它直接参与了成矿作用,与矿床的沉淀机制密切有关。本文研究了湖南花垣地区,产于下寒武统清虚洞组藻灰岩和鲕粒灰岩中的密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床中,18个矿物包裹体的气相组份、气态烃组份以及气相组份的碳同位素特征。这些包裹体由水和大量的CO₂(平均5.0mol%),气态烃(平均1.1mol%)和少量的CO、H₂组成,气态烃中CH₂的含量为89.54%,而δ13C_CH4=-27.08‰,δ13C_CO2=-17.28‰(PDB)。包体气相组份的这些特征表明:包体气相组份中,确有烃类存在,包体中气态烃和CO₂是有机成因的;气态烃可能有多个来源层,而矿床的沉淀机制可能与流体在矿床就位位置上和早已存在的古油气藏的混合作用有关。     

花垣铅锌矿床流体包体中的子矿物

湖南西部花垣铅锌矿床，是近年来发现的产于下寒武统清虚洞组上部藻礁灰岩的大型ＭＶＴ矿床。矿床的矿石矿物中普遍有流体包裹体存在，其中有子矿物发现。采用 ＥＤＸ对它们进行研究后在４种主矿物中发现有７种子矿物；闪锌矿、石膏、方解石、重晶石、石盐、黄铁矿和沥青。硫酸盐类矿物在包体中的发现，证明成矿流体中，ＳＯ４的含量较高，而且可以是与金属离子共同迁移。     

湘西北铅锌矿床的地质特征及找矿标志

湘西北铅锌矿床是中国著名的层控型金属矿床,其地质特征和规模类似于美国的密西西比铅锌矿床。湘西北地跨上扬子地块和江南地块(北西缘)2个二级大地构造单元。按矿床所处的不同大地构造位置及其地质-地球化学特征,将湘西北铅锌矿床划分为洛塔、花垣、保靖铅锌矿田和凤凰铅锌汞矿田。其中控矿层位有3个:下寒武统清虚洞组下段藻灰岩、中寒武统敖溪组上段粉晶云岩和下奥陶统南津关组生物碎屑灰岩。较全面地论述了湘西北铅锌矿床的地质特征,并对找矿标志进行了探讨。     

会泽铅锌矿床成矿流体浓缩机制

云南会泽铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西缘川-黔-滇铅锌银多金属成矿域的中南部, 严格受断裂带的控制.长期以来, 对于该矿的成矿流体来源存在着较大的争论.研究表明, 矿石中脉石矿物方解石的C、O同位素组成相对均一, 其δ13C (PDB) 为-2.1×10-3~-3.5×10-3、极差-1.4×10-3、均值-2.8×10-3, δ18O (SMOW) 为16.7×10-3~18.6×10-3、极差1.9×10-3、均值17.7×10-3, 不同矿体(不同标高)、不同产状以及相同矿体不同产状方解石的C、O同位素组成不具明显差别; 除了纯液相包裹体(L) 和富液相的气液两相包裹体(L+V) 外, 还存在含子晶的三相包裹体(S+L+V) 和不混溶的CO₂三相包裹体(V_CO2+L_CO2+L_H2O), 流体包裹体均一温度介于110~400℃之间, 具有双峰现象; 矿床的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀ (0.713676~0.717012) 不仅明显高于地幔(0.704±0.002) 和峨嵋山玄武岩(0.703932~0.707818;85件样品) 的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀, 也相对高于矿区赋矿地层(C₁b) 的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀ (0.70868~0.70931;3件样品), 但明显低于基底岩石的(87Sr/86Sr) ₀ (0.7243~0.7288;5件样品), 且成矿过程中流体基本没有发生Sr同位素分馏现象.因此, 成矿流体为均一流体, 是不同性质流体的混合产物, 具有多源性.而从气液两相包裹体盐度-均一温度图解可以看出, 在300~400℃区间, 包裹体盐度基本被孤立为两群: 一群为5%~6% (w (NaCl)), 另一群为12%~16% (w (NaCl)).而在100~300℃特别是150~250℃区间, 包裹体盐度则基本均匀分布在7%~23% (w (NaCl)) 之间.断裂带形成压力为(50~320) ×105Pa, 矿体上覆岩石压力为(574~640) ×105Pa, 矿床成矿压力为(145~754) ×105Pa.流体在上升到断裂带后压力的剧降, 导致了沸腾作用的发生.在混合作用和沸腾作用的双重影响下, 受狭窄断裂带控制的成矿流体高度浓缩, 金属矿物得以大规模地从流体中沉淀出来, 形成品位极高的铅锌矿石.      

湘西花垣李梅铅锌矿床成矿物质来源探讨:来自C-H-O-S同位素地球化学的证据

<正>湘西花垣李梅铅锌矿床位于中上扬子地块东南缘花垣矿田的北部,是全国重点成矿区带湘西一鄂西成矿区带的重要组成部分。铅锌矿体主要以层状、似层状分布于清虚洞组下段藻礁灰岩中,矿化稳定。矿石中矿物组合简单,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、次为方铅矿,脉石矿物主要有方解石、白云石、黄铁矿、重晶石、萤石和沥青,矿石大多以含矿热液沿灰岩粒间孔隙、藻腐孔、裂隙等开放空间充填     

保山市小松林铅锌矿床地质特征及控矿因素

保山市小松林铅锌多金属矿,矿体呈脉状、似层状赋存于近南北向断裂破碎带中矿体近矿围岩为为上寒武统核桃坪组第三段之大理岩化灰岩。该矿床为中低温热液充填(交代)型含金铅锌矿床。     

青海湖沉积物支链和环烷烃组分中C20，C25和C30高度支链类异戊二烯烯烃

在青海湖不同盐度的四孔近代沉积物岩芯（Ｑ－１６Ａ，ＱＨ，ＱＥ和ＱＧ）（图１）抽提物支链和环烷烃组分中检出了非常丰富的Ｃ₂₀，Ｃ₂₅和Ｃ₃₀高度支链类异戊二烯烯烃（ｈｉｇｈｌｙｂｒａｎｃｈｅｄｉｓｏｐｒｅｎｏｉｄａｌｋｅｎｅｓ），简称ＨＢＩ烯烃。这是在我国近代湖泊沉积物发现这类化合物的首次详细报导。由于Ｃ₂₀，Ｃ₂₅和Ｃ₃₀ＨＢＩ烯烃比正构烷烃具有较强的抵抗生物降解的能力（ＲｏｂｓｏｎａｎｄＲｏｗｌａｎｄ，１９８８ｂ），因此，它们广泛分布于各种近代环境中，如湖泊、海洋和高盐环境的近代沉积物中（ＲｏｗｌａｎｄａｎｄＲｏｂｓｏｎ，１９９０）。并且，具有１～６个双键的Ｃ₂₀，Ｃ₂₅和Ｃ₃₀烯烃经常是现代沉积物中丰富的烃类。最近在印度洋现代沉积物中又发现了一个新的具有７个双键的Ｃ₃₅ＨＢＩ烯烃（Ｈｏｅｆｓｅｔａｌ，１９９５）。全饱和的Ｃ₂₀（Ｉ，附图）、Ｃ₂₅（Ⅱ，附图）和Ｃ₃₀（Ⅲ，附图）ＨＢＩ烷烃已通过标样的合成确切地确定了它们的结构。在青海湖ＱＧ孔（尕海，咸水）和ＱＥ孔（耳海，淡水）抽提物中发现了Ｃ₂₀单烯（１号峰，图２ａ）。Ｃ₂₅烯烃（２号峰，图２ａ、２ｂ）和Ｃ₃₀烯烃（主要是３号和８号峰，图２ａ、２ｂ）存在于所有四孔沉积物中。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetailic Deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province,China,is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field.In addition to the>7000 t Ag reserves,the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb,Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements(In,Cd,Ge,Ga,etc.).We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit.The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.758-18.537,~(207)pb/~(204)pb=15.175-15.862 and ~(208)pb/~(204)pb=37.289-39.424,while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.264-18.359,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=14.843-15.683 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=36.481-38.838, respectively.In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.224-18.700,~(207)Tpb/~(204)Pb=15.595-15.797 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.193-39.608.Then,in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.434-19.119,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.644-15.693,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.514-38.832.And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks,which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.307-19.206,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb= 15.622-15.809,and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.436-39.932.By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions,it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age,but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

西藏勒青拉铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

文章通过对西藏勒青拉铅锌矿床稀土元素的研究,判定矿石与地层(灰岩)有着相同的稀土元素特征,同时矿石与岩浆岩也有着密切的关联.夕卡岩全岩的稀土元素分布模式表现出承袭了围岩的分布模式,与长江中下游地区的夕卡岩矿床相比表现出截然不同的特征,造成这一现象的主要原因可能是由于岩体距碳酸盐岩地层(围岩)较远,热液需经过构造等通道的远距离运移后才能流经围岩并与其发生接触交代作用,而在接触交代作用过程中,热液又萃取了大量地层中的成矿物质所造成.稀土元素相关的特征值变化表明在成矿过程中,成矿温度逐渐降低,成矿环境从相对还原条件向相对氧化条件改变.     

云南建水荒田铅锌矿控矿因素

已探明7个铅锌矿体,赋存在上二叠统玄武岩／下二叠统灰岩接触带,接触带角砾岩为容矿岩石,且强烈重晶石化蚀变,可作为找矿标志。     

攀枝花市大气降尘的地球化学特征

运用ICP-MS和ICP-OES分析了攀枝花市不同时段不同地点大气降尘中重金属元素含量,并对大气降尘中重金属的地球化学特征进行了分析,得出以下结论:①攀枝花市大气尘中As、Co、Mn、Pb、Ti、V的含量,与四川省其他城市相比均偏高,Zn的含量相对较低;②Cd、Mn、Pb主要分布在冶炼区和石灰石矿区,Co、Cu、Ti主要分布在石灰石矿区,Cr和V主要分布在冶炼区,As在仁和河富集较为富集,Zn集中在排土场附近,Fe集中在冶炼区和煤矿区;③除Pb外,其余十种元素旱季含量基本都高于雨季,而雨季Pb的含量却明显高于旱季。通过主成份分析,得出了在攀枝花市大气降尘中,重金属元素的来源主要为矿山污染和开采过程中产生的废水、废气。     

浙西北寒武系碳酸盐岩内找萤石矿地质因素与前景

近几年来在浙西北一带寒武系碳酸盐岩内断续发现新类型萤石矿,矿床严格受围岩的岩性、构造、岩浆岩、矿化蚀变等地质因素所制约;其中寒武系上、中统大理岩化灰岩、泥质灰岩为主要含矿围岩。层间滑动破碎带、岩体接触面和断裂构造是主要的含矿构造,它控制了矿体的形态和产状。燕山期超酸性、富碱性、富含氟元素的花岗岩"杂岩体"是区内萤石矿床的库源和热源。矿床规模以中、小型为主,少数达到大型,矿体形态以似层状、透镜状为主,部分为陡倾斜脉状矿体。矿床成因具有多期次、多成因、多类型的特点,以中、低温热液成矿期为主,其次矽卡岩期亦是伴生萤石矿成矿期之一,成矿作用具有明显的交代和伴有充填作用的特点。对今后浙西北乃至国内其它地区具备和上述地质背景相似的区域,开展同类型萤石矿普查找矿和寻找深部隐伏萤石矿体具有启发性意义。     

内蒙古小东沟钼矿成矿地质条件分析

小东沟钼矿为中型斑岩型钼矿,矿区及其外围已发现多个钼或钼多金属矿点.文章根据小东沟钼矿的赋矿地质条件和物化探异常特征,阐述了该矿床钼矿的成矿地质条件,及钼矿与外围铅锌矿之间成因上的联系,提出本区钼矿的成矿母岩为边墙岩体,矿化富集部位为小岩株前缘的周边及顶部,铅锌矿矿质来源主要为于家北沟组地层,其成矿与后期岩浆热液活动关系密切.同时,由物探成果和钻探资料推测在边墙岩体周边还存在有类似小东沟岩体的隐伏含矿小岩体,为该区今后的工作提出了新的找矿思路.     

腾冲棋盘石铅锌多金属矿成矿规律探讨

矿区位于腾冲西北部东河铁、铜、铅锌多金属成矿区,区内早白垩世花岗岩浆活动强烈,矽卡岩型矿床发育,形成众多铁、铜、铅、锌矽卡岩型矿床,是腾冲西北部重要成矿区,棋盘石矽卡岩型铅锌矿即是其中之一。矿床形成与早白垩世中酸性花岗岩关系密切,矿体位于上二叠统碳酸盐岩外接触带矽卡岩中。地层、岩体对矽卡岩及矿体的控制作用明显。     

多宝山铅锌矿床地质特征及地球化学研究

新疆和田县多宝山是西昆仑地区新发现的一处重要铅锌矿床,矿体呈似层状、不规则囊状、脉状,产于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩岩溶角砾岩、生物碎屑灰岩中,围岩蚀变主要有碳酸盐化、白云石化、硅化及泥化等.矿石为块状、细脉状、浸染状、角砾状等构造.矿石矿物与脉石矿物中具极相似的微量元素组构,矿石中铅、锌硫化物δ34SV-CDT=-10.55‰～-1.01‰,矿石Pb同位素组成206Pb/204Pb=18.739 8～18.743 3,207Pb/204Pb=15.702 5～15.7040,208Pb/204Pb=39.092 9～39.097 1,成矿物质来源于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩.矿石中方解石δ13CPDB=3.44‰～5.09‰,18OSMOW=23.09‰～26.79‰,热液中CO2来自海相碳酸盐岩去碳酸作用.流体包裹体均一温度为207℃～262℃,盐度为6.30%～7.73%,说明成矿流体来源于海水热卤水,矿床具MVT铅锌成矿特点.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.