分割地震剖面的分形特征研究

本文针对地球物理中地震剖面图象的分割,进行特征提取和计算的探讨．分析了纹理结构的自相似性特性,应用分形原理进行分形维数的估测,探索了用分形特征进行图象分割的可行性．     

地震多重分形计算的最小生成树法

目前地震分形计算的方法很多,但各方法或多或少都存在一些问题．本文引入一种地震分形计算的新方法——最小生成树法（minimal spanning tree）,对其算法作了重要的修改,并通过对乌什、乌苏、唐山和海城4个区域震例的研究,得出大震前后地震时空分布多重分形谱由集中变疏张,反映了分形结构复杂性的增加、地震时空分布不均匀性的增加．由点集的数值模拟表明:强震前后多重分形谱变化的物理本质是地震分布由均一到不均一,由简单到复杂的变化过程．      

北京地区气候变量的多分形特征研究

在气候系统的变量时间序列中往往存在着不同尺度间的自相似结构,这种自相似结构,又称为分形的特征.本文运用多分形去趋势波动分析方法(MF-DFA),分析北京市近50年来不同气象变量的逐日序列,并用一个扩展的二项式串级模式来分别估计其多分形谱.结果表明,平均气温等变量表现出多重分形的特征,并且多分形谱宽一致.而气温日较差和日照时数则表现出单分形的特征.且这种分形特征与长程记忆性相关,为中长期气候预测提供了理论基础.     

多重分形与地震

本文介绍了多重分形理论的主要内容、广义维数D_q和f(a)谱的测算方法,评述了国外对地震空间分布多重分形研究的最新进展,指出地震多重分形的相变是当前急待解决的重要问题。     

储层微观非均质性定量表征的分形模型

储层非均质性是影响油气田勘探和开发的重要因素.储层岩石孔隙具有分形特征,分形维数可以定量地表征储层的微观非均质性.本文简述了孔隙分布概率密度函数、分形判据等分形理论基础,系统分析了利用压汞测试法,毛细管力曲线法和计盒法等计算分形维数的方法,以及分形维数解析研究的进展,并对进一步研究做了展望.     

冻土应力-应变曲线的分形逼近

基于冻土应力 应变曲线的细观结构具有分形性质的事实 ,提出了逼近冻土应力 应变曲线的分形方法 .利用分形几何中的线性双曲迭代函数系统 (LHIFS)理论 ,选取垂直压缩因子为参数建立了逼近冻土应力 应变曲线的LHIFS ,其次讨论了使LHIFS生成的线性分形插值函数 (LFIF) (即LHIFS的吸引子 )成为冻土应力 应变曲线的最佳逼近时垂直压缩因子应取的最佳点的计算方法 ,然后给出了利用最佳点求冻土应力 应变曲线分形维数的方法 ,最后给出了简单例子 .提出的方法为编程模拟具有分形性质的地质材料的应力 应变曲线及计算其分形维数提供了一般方法 .     

太行山山前断裂带的分形几何特征

应用分形几何理论讨论了太行山山前断裂带的分段性,计算了各不同段落的分形值,结果表明,分形值大小和构造活动及地震活动性强弱具一致性。用分形值作为定量标志,对太行山山前断裂带进行了分段。     

基于分形维数的自适应信号滤波方法

信号滤波是信息科学中的基础性技术之一,在通讯、国防等众多领域有着广泛的应用.本文通过分形维数的计算给出了一种自适应分形滤波方法.实验仿真证明这种方法能有效地去除信号中的噪声.     

分形理论在地震学中的应用研究

分形理论是现代非线性科学中一个非常重要的研究领域，它的思想和方法已经渗透到自然科学的各个领域.在过去的二三十年间，分形科学已经有了很大的发展.它在数学、物理学、材料学、地质勘探、股票预测以及计算机和信息科学等各个自然科学领域，都得到了广泛的应用，同时也给地震学的发展注入了巨大的活力.本文首先简要回顾了分形理论的发展历程，然后就其在地震学各领域的应用进行了概括阐述，最后给出了分形理论在地震学中应用前景的展望.     

对强震前地震分形谱异常的研究

对强震前地震分形谱异常的研究朱令人１）周仕勇１）杨马陵１）王海涛１）龚宇清２）１）中国乌鲁木齐８３００１１新疆维吾尔自治区地震局２）中国乌鲁木齐８３００１１新疆电子计算中心主题词分形分形谱复杂性Ｃｏｎｔｏｒ模型地震分形与自然界许多实际的分形（诸如材...     

Fractal Dimension of the Channel Network Structure of Selenga River Delta

Specific features of the geomorphology and hydrology of Selenga River delta are considered. Fractal theory is used to evaluate the fractal dimension of the river delta as a branched structure. The fractal dimension of the planar pattern of the Selenga and Volga deltas are evaluated for the first time using three independent methods. The obtained values are 1.38 and 1.72, respectively.     

基于分形理论的地裂缝成因机制研究.

依据分形理论分析了清徐境内交城断裂带、地裂缝以及地貌的分形结构特征.同时根据分析结果讨论了地裂缝、断裂以及地貌之间的内在联系,并对清徐地裂缝的成因机制进行了研究.     

地形等高线的分形特征及其动力学含义

以天山地区不同地貌类型的地形等高线为研究对象 ,用尺度法探讨了它们的分形特征 .结果表明 :在 0 .1至 2 0 0km的标度范围内 ,不同地貌类型等高线具有不同的分形特点 ,而且与标度有关 .陆地表面地形等高线分维值与地貌侵蚀作用和不均匀堆积作用的强度密切相关 ,可作为地貌学研究中一个重要参数     

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRACTAL FACTORS AND TECTONIC ACTIVITY——A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHWESTERN YUNNAN BLOCK

Geomorphology could record long-term accumulation of tectonic movement and quantify it by relevant parameters.But because the influences of other factors such as climate and lithology,how to use the relevant parameters to reveal the relationship between geomorphology and tectonics is a research hot spot.In this paper,we utilize the variogram method and the cellular fractal model to estimate parameters such as the fractal dimension (D) and ordinate intercept (γ) from the SRTM3 DEM using a moving window operation.We compare the distribution characteristics of the parameters in different climate and lithology.The results indicate that the correlation between the parameters and lithology or climate is very poor.The fractal dimension (D) reveals a very good correlation with tectonics,which is low in tectonically inactive areas and high in active areas.It implies that fractal dimension (D) may be a new method for research of regional tectonic movement.     

Equality,diversity, inclusion: ensuring a resilient future for geomorphology

Within and beyond academia, debates around equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) have been gathering pace. We focus on EDI and geomorphology and address four main questions: (1) why does EDI matter for geomorphology?; (2) what are the barriers to greater EDI in geomorphology?; (3) how can we address these EDI barriers?; (4) can we ensure a resilient future for geomorphology by addressing EDI? At a time of critical environmental, social and economic transition, we contend that addressing EDI is essential for ensuring a resilient geomorphology, defined here as a discipline that is seen to be adapting to these changing external circumstances so that it remains relevant, vibrant and accessible to a wide cross-section of society. Not doing so will limit the intellectual development of geomorphology, incur reputational risk for geomorphological groups and organizations like the British Society for Geomorphology, and ensure that the many potential benefits of geomorphology for science and society remain underutilized at best. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Challenges and objectives for geomorphology in U.K. river management

This paper reviews some of the challenges and objectives in the application of fluvial geomorphology to improved river management in the U.K. It describes the mechanisms by which geomorphology can be applied to solve problems, including the development of design guidance, policy, management approaches, procedures and training. While it is true that geomorphology is being used increasingly, there remain a number of challenges, such as the need to promote a more professional image and to develop appropriate standards. The scientific basis on which decisions relating to the water environment are made needs to be developed further. Perhaps some of the most significant challenges for fluvial geomorphology in U.K. river management during the next decade will concern river and floodplain restoration.     

Twenty-one years of German geomorphology

In recent decades, German geomorphology has been mainly concerned with climatic and climato-genetic geomorphology. The first is the study of processes, especially of process combinations in different climato-morphological zones. The second is concerned with the way exogenic forces control the evolution of relief in a certain region. This study of relief generations differs fundamentally from denudation chronology. Certain principles developed as knowledge of these fields has grown, such as the variability of rock resistance with climate and discontinuity of processes in both space and time, are considered. In recent years new trends, based mainly on climatic geomorphology, have been towards greater specialization in fields such as quantitative geomorphology, geomorphological mapping, and laboratory analysis of regolith and soil samples.     

中国构造地貌学的回顾与展望

构造地貌学已经从经验科学迅速发展为高技术武装的现代科学。本文在分析相关文献的基础上,论述了构造地貌学的特点、研究内容、研究方法,回顾了在中国的研究进展,最后提出了构造地貌学今后的研究动向。     

后差分GPS测量则木河断裂地震微地貌特征

地震微地貌是研究古地震的重要证据。 发生在则木河断裂带上的1850年地震的地表破裂带在人类活动较少的地区得以保存完好。 研究区内地形起伏大, 断塞塘、 断层陡坎、 鼓包等微地震地貌特征明显, 在三维视图内可直观反映测量区内的这些地貌特征。 利用后差分GPS方法测量断裂活动形成的地震微地貌, 水平测量精度可达0.5 m, DEM精度可到一个像元1 m, 是定量化研究地震微地貌的一种新方法。 测量结果表明, 大箐梁子顶部七条干沟对应多次古地震事件; 大箐梁子顶部鼓包被断裂断错, 断塞塘沉积区向南迁移, 鼓包最新断错约4 m, 大箐村南山坡形成50 cm高断层陡坎。 说明大箐梁子一带地震活动性较强, 且以挤压构造为主。     

Deterministic uncertainty in landscapes

Deterministic complexity (chaos) may be common in geomorphic systems, but traditional definitions may have limited practical utility for empirical geomorphology. These definitions are based on sensitivity to initial conditions, which in geomorphology are both unknown and unknowable. Further, chaos analysis depends on distinguishing deterministic complexity from stochastic complexity. This is problematic in geomorphology because some stochastic complexity is virtually always present in addition to any chaos that may be present. While it is important to recognize that some complex, apparently random patterns may derive from inherent non-linear system dynamics, this is of limited use in explaining process–response relationships or mechanics of landscape evolution. A more general term, which subsumes chaos, is deterministic uncertainty, i.e. uncertainty associated with an identifiable but unknown or uncertain source. An analysis of landscape entropy shows that such underlying constraints produce spatial patterns which are apparently chaotic. For the case of geologic controls, the apparent contribution of deterministic chaos to the landscape entropy is a direct non-linear function of the extent of geologic constraints. However, the underlying constraints and their contribution to observed spatial patterns can also be interpreted in non-chaotic terms. Examples are given, involving geologic constraints on stream channel networks and parent material control of surface soil textures. Because both randomness and chaos may be more apparent than real, the concept of deterministic uncertainty is more useful in process geomorphology than that of chaos.