Integrating a Raster Geographical Information System with Multi‐Objective Land Allocation Optimization for Conservation Reserve Design

The multi‐objective land allocation problem is to optimize the selection of land for different uses based on a set of decision objectives. For most applications, a geographical information system (GIS) is either absent or loosely coupled through file exchange. In this article the evolutionary algorithm (EA), a heuristic solution method for optimization problems, is integrated with a raster GIS to form a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for multi‐objective conservation reserve design. The SDSS effectively combines the functions of a GIS for data management, analysis, and visualization, with the optimization capability of the EA; and provides a uniform way to solve conservation reserve design problems with different types of constraints and objectives. The SDSS is demonstrated through application to the creation of conservation reserves in Bolivia to protect 17 endemic mammals.     

PC ARC/INFO数据文件的内部结构剖析

本文首先分析了微机版地理信息系统软件PCARC／INFO3．4D的数据文件结构，然后着重介绍其主要数据文件的内部结构参数，这些参数可供ARC／INFO用户进行二次开发时参考。     

黄河三角洲水冰险情预警信息系统设计与分析应用探讨

本文探讨了黄河三角洲地区水冰灾情信息系统的建立方法及其应用问题。介绍了该系统的设计原则,数据结构,建立方法和程序,并对其应用进行了分析研究。该方法也适用于其它区域。     

北京市数字高程模型(DEM)的研究与建立

北京市1∶1万数字高程模型(DEM)数据覆盖全北京市范围,共计927幅,利用原有1∶1万地形图,使用扫描矢量化、高程点加密等方法在ARC/INFO的TIN模块中建立三角网,生成GRID格式数据,通过ArcSDE存储在Oracle数据库中。本文对DEM的生产方法和产品模式的确立进行了讨论,重点对产品精度进行了测试与分析。     

An integrated environment for developing knowledge-based spatial decision support systems

Knowledge-based spatial decision support systems (KBSDSS) incorporate heuristic reasoning, and analytical and spatial modelling capabilities to support decision making in resource and environmental management. They are able to provide the assistance for both the structuring and formulation of the spatial problem, and the design and execution of a solution process by automatically integrating different types of models and data. This paper presents a KBSDSS development environment, which connects a GIS tool (ARC/INFO) with an expert system tool (CLIPS) and a hypertext diagramming tool (HARDY). ARC/INFO provides capabilities for spatial data handling. CLIPS is used to develop knowledge bases and heuristic reasoning. HARDY is used to represent spatial problems in terms of diagrams that can then be translated into a CLIPS knowledge base for evaluation. The development environment allows users to structure their problems and develop models for particular requirements and domains.     

GIS技术支持下的泥石流危险度区划研究：以岷江上游为例

GIS技术以其强大的空间数据管理能力和空间分析能力受到广大地学工作者的青睐。作者在充分掌握岷江上游环境背景资料和泥石流分布资料的基础上,在泥石流危险度区划的理论指导下,将GIS技术应用于该区的泥石流危险度区划,得到了可信度较高的区划结果。GIS技术的应用,给泥石流危险度区划带来了手段上的革新。     

江苏省数字高程模型制作

本文通过江苏省30 m象元数字高程模型制作这一工程实例,详细的介绍了运用ARC/INFO这一地理信息软件制作数字高程模型的方法.     

MAPSTORE与ARC／INFO数据转换的方法研究

GIS空间数据具有多源性的特征，为数据综合利用和数据共享带来不便，解决多格式数据源集成一直是近年来GIS应用系统开发中需要解决的重要问题。ARC／INFO软件是当前众多地理信息系统软件中功能最强、市场占有率最高的软件。E00格式作为一种空间数据转换的事实上的标准，对于自主版权的GIS软件MapStore来说，实现两者的数据转换具有重要意义。本文分析了MapStore与ARC／INFO空间数据模型的组织特征，在比较分析的基础上设计了转换方案，并就实现过程中的关键技术进行了论述。     

Watershed prioritisation for soil conservation — a GIS approach

In order to check the premature siltation of the reservoirs, the Government of India has launched the schemes of soil conservation and integrated watershed management in the catchments of River Valley Projects (RVPs) and Flood Prone Rivers. However, due to lack of sufficient funds and manpower for surveys and soil and water conservation programmes, a priority approach for treatment of the watersheds was developed and followed for implementation of soil conservation and watershed management schemes in India.

This paper deals with the prioritisation of watersheds using GIS approach in a part of Musi river catchment in RR district of Andhra Pradesh. The GIS software package, ARC/INFO version 5.0, was used to digitize, edit, display, analyse and plot the maps. It was concluded that by the creation of computerised data base for the maps, the composite map generation and calculation of area statistics are performed much faster and more accurately compared to the conventional method.     

Automation and Democratization of Cartography: An Example of a Mapping System at CEM,University of Durham

Abstract

Over the last three decades, the information revolution and technological advances have led to a paradigm shift in cartography. Recently, the major emphasis has been on 'democratization of cartography', where individuals can be empowered with electronic tools to analyse and visualize spatially referenced data (Morrison, 1994). But, an ordinary user can not effectively use the available GIS tools to visualize geographical data. Therefore, cartographers and/or GIS experts need to develop user-friendly map making systems to facilitate the democratization of cartography. A mapping system was designed using the advanced macro language (AML) and menus of ARC/INFO at the Curriculum for Evaluation and Management Centre (CEM) in Durham University to automate the mapping process (extending from spatial and non-spatial data extraction to the printing of a final map), so that any user can map pupils' locations of any school in the United Kingdom simply by entering some key information. The procedure followed to automate pupils' mapping is described in this paper. A similar programming approach can be helpful to automate mapping systems in a local network and on web.     

人口地理信息系统应用软件的开发

本文以区域性人口地理信息系统的设计原理和模式为目标,以目前世界上流行较广的GIS商业软件ARC／INGO为平台,用ARC／INFO的二次开发语言AML为工具,建立了一个区域性人口地理信息系统,以实现人口及其相关数据的存贮、查询检索、分析处理和应用,可为用户提供各种数据、图件和报表等信息产品。     

Groundwater Prospect Zoning Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System: A Case Study in Dala-Renukoot Area, Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh

In the present study, ground water prospect zones in Dala-Renukoot area, in Sonebhadra district. Uttar Pradesh, India have been delineated, through integration of various thematic maps using ARC/INFO GIS. Thematic maps in respect of geology, geomorphology. slope, drainage, land-use/land cover, lineament and lineament intersection frequency were prepared on 1:50,000 scale using remote sensing and conventional methods. These maps were scanned and registered with reference to a basemap and are input as separate layers using ARC/INFO GIS. Each theme was assigned a weightage depending on its influence on the movement and storage of groundwater and each unit in every theme map is assigned a knowledge based ranking from 1 to 5 depending on its significance to groundwater occurrence. All the themes are overlaid, two at a time and the resultant composite coverage is classified into five groundwater prospect categories. This output map is correlated with the groundwater data collected in the field.     

城市地理信息系统空间基础数据建设探讨

本文通过分析城市地理信息系统基础数据的主要组成、基础数据的数据特性和数据结构，提出了常用数据格式(如DGN、DXF等)到ARC／INFO数据格式转换、入库的技术实现路线，为GIS基础数据的生产、更新雏护和应用提供了一种方法和思路。     

矿区岩溶陷落柱探测中遥感与地理信息系统技术的应用研究

岩溶陷落柱是煤矿生产中严重的地质灾害之一。本文研究了陷落柱的遥感图像特征，从中提取了矿山环形和线性构造及热异常区，并结合实际地质，采矿资料，应用ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ地理信息系统进行多因素复合分析，预测陷落柱的可能分布区，进而实施探验证，结果表明，这种综合探测技术方案效果好，费用省。     

Book Reviews

Fischer, Manfred, Scholten, Henk J. and Unwin, David (eds), Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS
Verbyla, David L. and Chang, Kang-Tsung (Karl), Processing Digital Images in GIS: A Tutorial Featuring ArcView and ARC/INFO (with accompanying CD of image and vector data)
Plewe, Brandon, GIS Online: Information Retrieval, Mapping, and the Internet
Chou, Yue-Hong, Exploring Spatial Analysis in Geographic Information Systems     

基于GIS位置分配的城市消防站点优化布局探析

介绍了GIS"位置分配"基本原理和优化模型,基于地形图构建路网模型,应用最小化设施点数和最大化覆盖范围模型确定布局方案,划定管理服务区优化消防站选址。通过对消防站可达性及消防出行机动能力分析,找出消防站布局规律,为城市消防站布局规划提供参考。     

GIS环境下污水管网设计流量的快速计算

针对ＧＩＳ环境下污水管网设计问题，提出了一种快速计算管段设计流量的方法——递归方法。分析了递归的原理、链式表的建立以及递归算法的具体实现等，并以实例阐述了递归计算的各个步骤     

大型遥感图像处理系统中集成数据库设计及应用

大型遥感图像处理应用系统中，往往需要实时获取各种背景或专题数据，该过程即是数据动态集成过程。集成数据库是建立在各种专题数据基础上的数据集成使用框架体系，该文描述了集成数据库的结构及各类子库的组成，根据项目的特殊需求提出了虚拟数据库概念，并结合实例说明了集成数据库以元数据为链条的使用机制与方法。     

会泽黑颈鹤自然保护区管理系统的设计与实现

为了实时掌握保护区珍稀动物的分布、生长情况和数量信息,该文以会泽黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于移动GIS和WebGIS技术构建会泽自然保护区信息管理系统。该系统以高清遥感影像为数据支持,将ArcGIS Server地图缓存技术融入其中,通过移动GIS进行自然保护区巡护信息采集并上传到后台服务器,采用WebGIS技术在网络客户端实时对后台服务器数据进行下载更新,从而实现移动端和网络端的信息同步。应用效果表明这种移动化、网络化的数据采集和管理模式,使自然保护区保护黑颈鹤及其越冬地的湿地生态环境工作更加科学、合理。     

Geo-limis - a decision support system for minimizing locust impact in republic of kazakhstan

Desert locusts (DL) are serious problem during April to August in the deserts and semi-deserts of Republic of Kazakhstan and causing extensive crop damage. There is no institutional and functional mechanism to forecast the habitat of locusts and most of the area remains unnoticed after laying eggs. The key to improve DL forecasting and control depends on the collection and generation of historical database on locusts, weather and habitat from affected region. Looking at the problem, a Spatial Decision Support Systems (DSS) has been developed on ARC/INFO GIS with ergonomic user interface for ingestion and subsequent analysis of locust related information vis-à-vis bio-physical and climatic data acquired from various satellite sensors and hydromet weather server respectively, to identify high frequency breeding areas well before the physiological development is completed. Weather based analytical models for physiological development of DL has been dovetailed with the SDSS for facilitating historic and present data analysis in relation to locust activity. This has augmented the surveying capability and better forecasting.