河南省肖畈钼矿地质特征及动力学背景

肖畈钼矿床是东秦岭-大别山地区典型的斑岩型钼矿床.与矿床有关的小侵入岩为肖畈岩体.岩体分两期侵入,第一期为花岗斑岩,第二期为斑状花岗岩.矿石中金属矿物以辉钼矿、黄铁矿为主,脉石矿物以石英为主,矿石构造有细脉状、浸染状及团块状.矿床成矿年龄为142 Ma.其与金堆城钼矿、南泥湖钼矿等斑岩型钼矿均形成于早白垩世,可归为东秦岭-大别山钼矿带第2成矿期,是印支期后大别造山带构造体制从挤压收缩向区域性伸展的成矿事件.     

金堆城钼矿的成因兼论深源热液成矿机制

关于金堆城钼矿床的成因,以往的资料大都称之为斑岩型矿床.最近有人提出该矿床的成矿物质来源应是斑岩体以外的,或是深部同源岩浆结晶期后分异的产物.有的同志还将金堆城-黄龙铺钼矿田中的矿床分为两类,即以金堆城、石家湾大型钼矿为代表的斑岩型和以黄龙铺、桃园矿床为代表的浅成热液矿床或变质热液脉型矿床.1974年以来,笔者借现场教学之便,曾数次对矿床进行观察,许多现象、特别是近些年金堆城钼矿采场被剥露出的花岗斑岩与钼矿体和热液蚀变之间的关系,表明金堆城钼矿不应是斑岩     

陕西金堆城斑岩型钼矿床地质地球化学特征

金堆城钼矿床的成矿母岩是燕山中晚期花岗斑岩类.该岩类为高硅富钾富含H2O、F、Cl等挥发分的壳源花岗岩类, 是区域内含Mo等成矿元素较高的熊耳群安山玢岩类和高山河组石英岩类花岗岩化的产物.岩体和矿体主要受北西向断层控制.矿体中心部位形成气化高-中温以2H型为主的辉钼矿,边部形成中温2H 3R型辉钼矿,造就了斑岩型钼矿床.     

陕西金堆城—黄龙铺地区含钼花岗岩类稀土元素地球化学研究

本文从稀土元素地球化学角度,对金堆城—黄龙铺地区花岗岩类形成机制及其与钼矿化关系进行研究。结果表明:花岗岩类地质体起源于地壳岩石的深熔作用,其中金堆城花岗斑岩是岩桨体系内部热重扩散效应的产物,而石家湾斑岩体只是老牛山岩基的分枝脉。成岩方式制约着斑岩型钼矿床的规模和品位。岩桨期后热液蚀变可造成原岩稀土总量和轻稀土元素含量降低,但重稀土元素保持相对稳定,因此,岩石稀土元素地球化学可成为评价含钼岩体的重要标志。     

金堆城-黄龙铺钼矿田地球化学特征及成矿条件的初步分析

金堆城-黄龙铺钼矿田面积约120公里~2,区内分布有金堆城钼矿,规模极大.石家湾、黄龙铺钼矿,尚处于详查阶段,储量也较大.宋家沟等处都是有找矿前景的矿(化)点.总之,矿田内钼矿总资源储量可观. 金堆城为斑岩型钼矿床.对黄龙铺目前有两种意见:①认为与斑岩型同源,属广义的斑岩型钼矿床;②认为与斑岩型不同源,属非岩浆热液石英脉型钼矿床. 矿床、矿(化)点分布于长城系熊耳群和蓟县系高山河组岩层中.曾有人提出“矿源层”问题. 本文在已有工作基础上,初步总结了矿田地球化学特征,并对成矿条件作初步分析.     

陕西金堆城地区含钼花岗岩类成因及成矿的讨论

陕西小秦岭是我国重要的钼矿成矿远景区。金堆城位其西端,因产钼矿而闻名。该区的花岗岩类与钼矿的生成有密切的关系,深入研究它的成因与成矿有一定的理论和实际意义。陕西小秦岭位于华北地台的南缘,区内     

河南省石门沟钼矿床地质特征及成因探讨

石门沟钼矿辉钼矿（化）特征为燕山晚期由基性岩浆底侵作用而形成的二长花岗岩体和地表出露的的厚大石英脉体全岩含矿。分析了河南西峡县石门沟钼矿成因机理与成矿模式。认为石门沟辉钼矿化二长花岗岩是下地壳物质部分熔融作用形成的富含Mo元素的花岗质岩浆,由基性向酸性正向演化,后经岩浆结晶分异、同化混染作用,钼（钨）等金属矿物以熔离状态分布在岩浆矿房中;岩浆热液沿构造薄弱带上升到地壳浅部后,富水热流体分离,进入气成热液阶段,形成高中温纵横交错含钼脉体或含钼花岗岩体。石门沟钼矿成因类型为岩浆型、热液充填石英脉型辉钼矿床,与斑岩型有明显区别。     

东秦岭斑岩型钼矿床的地质特征及成因探讨

东秦岭钼成矿带是我国14个大型钼成矿带中最重要的成矿带[1],其规模可与北美的科罗拉多地区钼矿带相媲美.世界上六大钼矿就有两个在东秦岭地区,分别为河南栾川(储量为130万t)和陕西金堆城(储量为97万t).该钼矿带西起陕西省金堆城,东至河南省栾川南泥湖、嵩县雷门沟一带.成矿带中所发现的钼矿床,其成因类型主要为斑岩型(包括矽卡岩型-斑岩型和斑岩型).     

东秦岭熊耳群火山岩的地球化学及其与成矿关系研究

金堆城钼矿床作为东秦岭西部具有重要代表性的斑岩型钼矿床,前人对该矿床的矿化地质-地球化学特征、含矿斑岩与矿化的关系特征及成矿地质背景进行了大量研究,但是作为赋矿围岩的熊耳群火山岩与成矿的关系研究比较薄弱,且区域有关熊耳群火山岩地质-地球化学研究大多集中在豫晋地区,针对陕西金堆城地区的熊耳群专门研究较少.已有资料表明,熊耳群火山岩系不仅是东秦岭金堆城、东沟、石家湾等大型钼矿床的赋矿围岩,而且也是控制金、银多金属矿床形成的主要地层层位.20世纪80年代以来,在熊耳群火山岩中已经探明金、银、铅、锌多金属矿产多处(张汉成,2003;裴玉华,2007).     

大望海寨岩体岩石化学特征及岩石类型划分

大望海寨岩体位于营口—宽甸台拱与下辽河断陷连接带的东侧,侵位于燕山旋回晚期,其岩石地球化学特征与钙碱性花岗岩十分相似,通过花岗岩类自然矿物岩石化学换算法证明其应归于二长花岗岩类,其主要岩石类型应为斑状含黑云二长花岗岩和淡色二长花岗岩。其成岩物质主要由上地幔衍生出的岩浆与下地壳部分熔融所产生的岩浆同熔而成。成因类型属I型同熔花岗岩类。     

The Genetic Types of Some Granite Intrusions Associated with Tin Polymetallic Deposits in the Nanling Region

Tin polymetallic deposits are the most important type of tin deposit in the Nanling region. Manyresearchers both at home and abroad consider this type of tin deposit to be the product of differentiation andevolution of granite magmas resulting from anatexis of continental crust and to be genetically related to thetransformation-type (S-type) granitoids. In this paper, on the basis of the geological settings, petrology, REEgeochemistry and strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions of 6 granite intrusions associaied with tinpolymetallic deposits in the Nanling region, the authors suggest that the ore-bearing granites of this type areprobably the products of differentiation and evolution of acid magmas resulting from 40-50‰ fractionalcrystallization of magmas formed by partial melting of the pre-existing intermediate-basic volcanic rocks ofmantle origin in the lower crust and a small amount of sialic material and belong to crust-mantle-derivedgranitoids (approaching I-type of B. W. Chappell and A.J.R. White, but being evidently different from theS-type granitoid related to W, Sn, Nb, Ta and REE deposits).     

Tectonic setting and petrological evidence for the emplacement of mylonitic granites within the middle part of Sanandaj-Sirjan shear zone from East and South East of Chadegan,Iran

The metabasites and mylonitic granites of the East and South East of Chadegan in the Isfahan province are a part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. This region is a large-scale ductile shear zone which has experienced different phases of deformation and dynamothermal metamorphism. There are at least three phases of deformation in this area. During the first phase which was related to the subduction of the Neotethys oceanic lithosphere under the Iranian microcontinent, the study rocks have experienced regional metamorphism. The second deformational phase was concurrent with the collision between the Arabian plate and the Iranian plate in the Late Cretaceous and caused mylonitization of the metamorphic rocks. The NW–SE trending fold and thrust faults have formed in this stage. The mylonitization have been formed along the dextral transpressional faults. During the third stage of deformation and exhumation of the metamorphic complex, the mylonitic zones have been uplifted to the surface. In this the deformation phase, developed the current morphology of the rocks. The granites have been injected along the extensional shear zones related to the dextral transpressional displacements. These granites are related to the continental collision granites type and have been formed synchronous to the collision between the Arabian and the Iranian plate. Enrichment in LREEs comparison to HREEs and the negative Eu anomaly in the primitive mantle-normalized spidergram and Chondrite-normalized REE patterns support an intra-crustal origin for these granites. Upper continental crust-normalized REE patterns show that in terms of LREEs, are similar to Upper continental crust.     

Are South China granites special in forming ion-adsorption REE deposits?

Ion-adsorption REE deposits associated with clay minerals are the main global HREE producer. The majority of these deposits are formed by the weathering of granites in South China, but whether there is any fundamental difference between the granites in and outside South China is still unclear. Besides, an effective evaluation system of granite mineralization potential is urgently needed for HREE exploration.To answer this question, we compiled a global granite geochemical dataset from within (n = 1932) and outside (n = 6109) South China, together with a dataset of representative REE deposits in South China (n = 128). The geochemical comparation shows that the South China granites share similar REE contents with those of many granites from places outside South China. Such similarity has also been found between REE ore-related and ore-barren granites in South China. This shows that granites from outside South China could also have ore-forming potential. Warm humid climate and quasi-equalized crustal state promote chemical weathering to continuously leach REEs and store them in the weathering crust. The enrichment ratio (Rx) can be used to quantify the climatic effect between orebodies and parent rocks. The calculated average Enrichment Ratios (Rx) of LREE- and HREE-rich deposits are 2.41 and 2.68, respectively. Sufficient REE content in granite is the prerequisite for mineralization, and we propose that the combination of the minimum REE + Y (172 and 108 ppm in LREE- and HREE-rich parent rocks, respectively) and REE oxide ratio (1.32) can reveal the granite metallogenic potential. Together with the suitable tropical and temperate climate area with ion-adsorption REE deposits, we further identified certain regions with high REE mineralization potential outside South China to assist future exploration.     

Evidence for the Lower Continental Crustal Origin of the Xihuashan Granite

The Xihuashan granite is typically representative of the tungsten-bearing granites widespread in theNanling area of South China. It was considered in the past to have been formed by partial melting of the upper continental crust, with its source rocks most probably of the Sinian or Cambrian. However, detailed REE analyses, studies of the Rb-Sr isotopic system and melting experiments of metasedimentary rocks all argue against this idea. Moreover, stable isotopic data also indicate a deep source origin for S, C, H and O. The authors thus propose a genetic concept of the lower continental crustal source of the Xihuashan granite, and point out further that tungsten deposits related to this kind of granite are linked in some way to deep-seated structure and concentrated along NNE-NE- and ENE-striking major deep fault belts above the transitional zone between mantle uplift and mantle depression.     

大别超高压变质地体四道河地区岩石学研究

对四道河地区超高压变质岩剖面的研究分析显示,该剖面有3种岩石类型:榴辉岩类、片麻岩和面理化含榴花岗岩。榴辉岩具不同程度的退变质现象,呈透镜体状产出于斜长角闪岩、片麻岩和面理化含榴花岗岩中,原生矿物组合为石榴石、绿辉石、柯石英和金红石。榴辉岩退变为斜长角闪岩近于等化学系列;片麻岩在主量成分上与榴辉岩及其退变产物(斜长角闪岩)存在突变关系,但微量元素与榴辉岩有一定的相似性;面理化含榴花岗岩主量元素和微量元素地球化学特点为:富SiO2 、K2 O Na2 O和高价阳离子Ga、Y以及REE ,K2 O/Na2 O值低,贫Al、Ca、Mg、Ti、P ,结合构造环境、同位素及年代学资料分析,其应属于后碰撞造山A型花岗岩。基于以上认识推断:大陆板片俯冲至上地幔经历了超高压变质作用,表壳岩变质形成榴辉岩;当超高压变质岩石折返至中下地壳时发生了强烈的减压退变质作用形成斜长角闪岩,随后,与片麻岩及面理化含榴花岗岩一道从中下地壳向地表进一步折返,并一同经历了后期的变质变形作用。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带中寒武世 花岗岩的发现及地质意义

西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带发育一期中寒武世花岗质岩浆活动,岩石类型为片麻状花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,其侵入时代分别为（506.0±6.8）Ma和（514.0±9.3）Ma。岩石SiO₂含量为67.83%~75.76%,具中高钾、准铝质-弱过铝质等特征;岩石稀土总量与平均陆壳相当（∑REE=90.85×10-6~186.10×10-6）,轻、重稀土分馏程度较强（（La/Yb）_N=5.38~22.43）,负Eu异常明显（δEu=0.42~0.71）;微量元素以富集Rb、K、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素为特征。地质学及岩石地球化学特征指示该期花岗岩属准铝质到弱过铝质高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩,锆石饱和温度指示其为高温岩浆岩,总体具有壳幔混源的特征,富云包体指示壳源成分占有较大的比例。该期花岗岩与邻区中-晚寒武世中酸性侵入岩指示塔什库尔干-甜水海地块南缘很可能存在一条中寒武世以来的岩浆弧带,其可能为在原特提斯（有限）洋盆于中寒武世向北俯冲、消减背景下幔源物质上涌底侵加热古老陆壳进而发生部分熔融的产物。这也预示着塔什库尔干地区在经过震旦纪-早寒武世伸展裂解阶段之后,于中-晚寒武世其大地构造环境及地球动力学背景发生了重大转折。      

郯庐断裂带南段两侧花岗岩地球化学特征:对大别造山带中-下地壳流动的限定

大别造山带形成于印支期华南、华北板块陆-陆碰撞过程中。大别造山带造山后发生了山根减薄,其可能的动力学机制为岩石圈拆沉或中-下地壳的塑性流动。为了检验大别造山带是否在造山后发生过中-下地壳流动,本次工作从对比郯庐断裂带南段两侧大别造山带及洪镇、月山地区花岗岩地球化学特征入手,对同样位于郯庐断裂带南段东侧的徐桥岩体开展地球化学研究,为大别造山带造山后是否经历过中-下地壳流动提供证据。本次工作对徐桥岩体的研究表明,该岩体侵位时间为127Ma左右;具有较高的Si O_2和全碱含量;明显富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE);稀土元素配分图解中表现为轻稀土富集和重稀土亏损的右倾配分模式,具有较弱的Eu负异常。徐桥岩体的地球化学特征与造山带东侧的月山岩体类似,且与下扬子地区沿江地区侵入岩基本一致。但同样位于造山带东侧的洪镇岩体,其地球化学特征与月山、徐桥岩体明显不同,而与大别造山带一致的地球化学特征,说明两者可能具有相似的源区。基于以上分析,笔者推断洪镇花岗岩的物质来源可能为大别造山带加厚的地壳。而大别造山带东侧出现造山带地壳物质的现象表明造山带在造山后发生过地壳的塑形流动。由于大别造山带中-下地壳物质穿过郯庐断裂带南段,表明郯庐断裂带造山后大规模左行平移事件应发生于大别造山带地壳流动变形之前。     

滇西三江地区临沧花岗岩的岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

位于滇西三江地区南澜沧江带的临沧花岗岩,其岩石类型主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,研究结果表明,该花岗岩的SiO2含量为66.84%～73.99%,平均为69.72%,K2O/Na2O值高,为1.42～30.1,平均为8.66,Al2O3含量为12.94%～15.23%,平均为14.44%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.06～8.59,平均为2.61,大部分大于1.1,为高钾钙碱性过铝-强过铝花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素和Pb,明显亏损高场强元素。稀土总量198.2×10-6～359.2×10-6,平均为252.5×10-6,具有明显的轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)N为7.87～17.62,平均11.19,δEu为0.34～0.57,平均0.48,球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示明显的负Eu异常。两件样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为219.19±0.99Ma和219.69±0.67Ma,属晚三叠世。SiO2-P2O5、SiO2-Zr判别图、K2O-Na2O判别图、ACF图解等花岗岩成因类型判别图指示临沧花岗岩为S型花岗岩,其物质来源为贫粘土的砂屑岩。微量元素Rb-Y+Nd判别图中,临沧花岗岩体投影点全部落入后碰撞花岗岩区。在Sr-Yb判别图中,投影点大部分落入低Sr高Yb型花岗岩区,与我国东南沿海花岗岩特征一致,应形成于挤压向伸展转换的后碰撞阶段。锆石Hf同位素组成比较均一,εHf(t)均为负值(集中于-14～-11之间),Hf地壳模式年龄集中于1.95～2.15Ga,推断其为古老地壳部分熔融的产物。结合锆石定年结果及岩体产出的区域地质背景,我们认为临沧花岗岩形成于缅泰马陆块与思茅地块大陆碰撞造山过程的后碰撞阶段,应形成于晚三叠世。     

甘肃北山地区花岗岩类地球化学特征及大地构造意义

本文利用常量元素、稀土元素和锶、钕同位素等研究了甘肃北山地区晋宁、加里东和海西期花岗岩类的地球化学特点。由老到新,岩石中SiO2呈逐渐增加、Al2O3呈逐步递减的趋势。岩石属钙碱性系列,且K2O、LILE和LREE相对富集,Sr、PTi、Y和Yb含量相对较低。微量元素和同位素地球化学特征显示：晋宁期花岗岩为老地壳部分熔融的产物（S型）,加里东期主要由源自上地幔的岩浆分离结晶而成（I型）,海西期则以较成熟地壳部分熔融而形成的S型花岗岩为主,有些具M（？）型性质。它们的成岩环境表现为同构造碰撞和火山弧型,暗示了华北同塔里木、哈萨克斯坦地块间由汇聚到进一步碰撞、焊接的大地构造演化过程。     

Early Permian A‐type Granites in the Zhangdaqi Area,Inner Mongolia,China and Their Tectonic Implications

There is a controversy regarding the amalgamation of Xing'an and Songnen Blocks along the Hegenshan-Heihe Suture(HHS) in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). To solve this problem, we performed detailed study on the granites from the Zhangdaqi area, adjacent to the north of the HHS in the northern part of the Great Xing'an Range, NE China. Geochemically, the granites in the study area are metaluminous-weak peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline series. Trace elements of the granites show that LREEs are relatively enriched, while HREEs are relatively deficient and obvious REE fractionation. The granites are characterized by obvious negative Eu anomalies, meanwhile, they are relatively enriched in Rb, K, Th and depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Ti. All the geochemical features suggest that the granites in the Zhangdaqi area are aluminum A-type granites. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of these granites are 294–298 Ma, indicating that they formed in the Early Permian. These granites also have positive ε_(Hf)(t) values(8.4–14.2) and a relatively young two-stage model age between 449 Ma and 977 Ma, implying that the magma was derived from the re-melting of the Early Paleozoic-Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. Combined with geochemical characteristics(Nb/Ta ratios of 9.0–22.2, and Zr/Hf ratios of 52.3–152.0), we believe that the magmatic source area is a mixture of partial melting of the lower crust and depleted mantle. A-type granites and bimodal volcanic rocks along the Hegenshan-Heihe Suture formed during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, indicating that the HHS between Xing'an and Songnen Blocks closed in the late EarlyCarboniferous. Subsequently, the Zhangdaqi area was in a post-orogenic extensional environment from Late Carboniferous to Early Permian and resulted in the formation of the A-type granites.