Are South China granites special in forming ion-adsorption REE deposits? |
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| Institution: | 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China;3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;5. Guangdong Nonferrous Metals Geological Exploration Institution, Guangzhou 510640, China;6. Guangdong Geological Survey Institute, Guangzhou 510110, China;7. Global Project Generation and Targeting, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd., East Perth 6004, Australia;1. College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;2. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources & State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;4. Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China;5. No. 106 Geological Brigade of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 611130, China;1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, PR China;2. Beijing SHRIMP Center, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, PR China;3. Faculty of City and Environmental Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, PR China;4. Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR China;5. Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, PR China;1. National Center of Inspection and Testing on Quality of Gold and Silver Products, Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Nanjing 210029, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Institute of Geo-Fluids, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;3. Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China;4. Development Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China;5. School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China;4. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China;5. Institute of Oil and Gas, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;6. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;7. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China;8. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica (PPGG), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Análise de Bacias (PGAB), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil;3. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;4. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil;5. Laboratório de Geologia Isotópica (Pará-Iso), IG-UFPA, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization, Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths, Baotou 014030, China;4. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China;5. Department of Earth Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;6. School of Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | Ion-adsorption REE deposits associated with clay minerals are the main global HREE producer. The majority of these deposits are formed by the weathering of granites in South China, but whether there is any fundamental difference between the granites in and outside South China is still unclear. Besides, an effective evaluation system of granite mineralization potential is urgently needed for HREE exploration.To answer this question, we compiled a global granite geochemical dataset from within (n = 1932) and outside (n = 6109) South China, together with a dataset of representative REE deposits in South China (n = 128). The geochemical comparation shows that the South China granites share similar REE contents with those of many granites from places outside South China. Such similarity has also been found between REE ore-related and ore-barren granites in South China. This shows that granites from outside South China could also have ore-forming potential. Warm humid climate and quasi-equalized crustal state promote chemical weathering to continuously leach REEs and store them in the weathering crust. The enrichment ratio (Rx) can be used to quantify the climatic effect between orebodies and parent rocks. The calculated average Enrichment Ratios (Rx) of LREE- and HREE-rich deposits are 2.41 and 2.68, respectively. Sufficient REE content in granite is the prerequisite for mineralization, and we propose that the combination of the minimum REE + Y (172 and 108 ppm in LREE- and HREE-rich parent rocks, respectively) and REE oxide ratio (1.32) can reveal the granite metallogenic potential. Together with the suitable tropical and temperate climate area with ion-adsorption REE deposits, we further identified certain regions with high REE mineralization potential outside South China to assist future exploration. |
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| Keywords: | Ion-adsorption REE deposit Granite South China Global REE exploration |
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