儿茶酚胺类药物对草鱼鱼种生长激素分泌的影响

通过腹腔注射药物,尾静脉取血,放射免疫测定激素含量等方法研究了Ｌ－多巴等几种药物对草鱼鱼种生长的激素分泌的影响,发现腹腔注射Ｌ－多巴,阿朴吗啡可以显著提高草鱼鱼种血清生长激素水平,而腹腔注射多巴胺,去甲肾上腺素,肾上腺素和６－羟多巴则可明显降低草鱼鱼种血清生长激素水平。     

儿茶酚胺类激素对华贵栉孔扇贝循环生理的影响

【目的】探究儿茶酚胺类激素对华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）循环生理的影响,为贝类应对环境胁迫的生理响应研究提供基础。【方法】将0.2、1.0、2.0μmol/L的儿茶酚胺类激素（多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素）注射到华贵栉孔扇贝体内,运用多普勒超声成像技术实时监测扇贝在0、5、20、40、60、180、300 min时的心率、舒张末期速度、收缩峰值速度、血流量等循环生理指标变化情况。【结果】注射0.2μmol/L的多巴胺和肾上腺素后,扇贝的心率相对变化率与海水对照组之间均无显著差异（P> 0.05）,而舒张末期速度、收缩峰值速度、血流量分别在注射后20、40 min显著高于对照组（P <0.05）;注射0.2μmol/L的去甲肾上腺素后,仅舒张末期速度在注射后5 min显著高于对照组（P <0.05）;注射1.0μmol/L的儿茶酚胺类激素后,扇贝各循环生理指标的相对变化率平均值在40 min前低于对照组,在60 min时高于对照组;注射2.0μmol/L的儿茶酚胺类激素后,扇贝各循环生理指标的相对变化率平均值在40 min前均低于对照组且为负值,在1...     

海马对慢性应激模型小鼠抑郁行为及神经递质含量的影响

【目的】探索中药材海马改善慢性应激(Chronic unpredictable mild stress, CUMS)诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为的作用及可能机制。【方法】利用慢性轻度不可预测性应激建立小鼠抑郁模型,通过糖水偏好度、强迫游泳实验和旷场实验评价动物抑郁样行为,利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定血清中皮质酮含量(Glucocorticoid,GC)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量,高效液相色谱法测定海马脑区中去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺的含量。【结果】与对照组相比,模型组小鼠糖水偏好度显著下降,强迫游泳不动时间显著延长,旷场中运动总格数和中心格进入次数显著降低,血中皮质酮和IL-1β含量明显升高,而去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺和多巴胺水平显著下降;应激同时饲喂海马可显著改善应激小鼠以上指标的异常(P0.05)。【结论】中药材海马可通过调节炎症和神经递质的变化而改善抑郁样症状的效果。     

腹腔注射恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考对红笛鲷血清IgM含量的影响

以20mg·kg-1恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考分别腹腔注射红笛鲷,通过间接酶联免疫吸附实验法(ELISA)测定红笛鲷血清IgM的含量,研究恩诺沙星与氟苯尼考对红笛鲷血清IgM含量的影响。结果显示:健康红笛鲷血清中IgM抗体的含量为3.591±0.314mg·mL-1,注射后,恩诺沙星组增加至4.234±0.013mg·mL-1,第3周后恢复至初始水平,而氟苯尼考组则降低至2.538±0.214mg·mL-1,第5周仍未恢复至初始水平。可见,恩诺沙星可提高红笛鲷血清中抗体IgM的含量,而氟苯尼考则降低鱼体血清中抗体IgM的含量,且影响时间也较长。     

二十二碳五烯酸对淋巴细胞活性及单胺类神经递质的影响

【目的】研究二十二碳五烯酸(Docosapentaenoicacid,DPA)对精神分裂症患者外周血淋巴细胞的活性及细胞内单胺类神经递质的调节作用。【方法】将正常人和病人的外周血淋巴细胞分为对照组、病人组、对照+DPA组(0～200μmol/L)、病人+DPA组(150μmol/L),用DPA处理细胞48 h。用CCK8法检测细胞存活率,用高效液相色谱法检测血浆中多巴胺及其代谢物的含量,检测淋巴细胞中去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺和代谢物的含量。【结果】与对照组相比,精神分裂症患者外周血淋巴细胞存活率下降,血浆中的多巴胺(DA)及其代谢产物二羟苯乙酸(DOPAC)含量上升,淋巴细胞中的多巴胺与其代谢产物、5-羟色胺(5-HT)与其代谢物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)的含量显著下降,DA/DOPAC、5-HT/5-HIAA比值显著升高,去甲肾上腺素代谢物的含量显著下降。DPA可以显著提高淋巴细胞的存活率,提高多巴胺、5-羟色胺及其代谢物的含量,降低DA/DOPAC、5-HT/5-HIAA比值,提高去甲肾上腺素代谢物的含量。【结论】DPA可以提高精神分裂症患者外周血淋巴细胞的存活率,调节单胺类神经递质的含量。     

草鱼、鲤鱼肠道、肝胰脏消化酶活性的初步研究

用两种不同蛋白质和糖类水平的饲料喂养草鱼、鲤鱼夏花及一龄鱼种，通过对两种鱼肝胰脏及肠道的消化酶活性测定发现，在一定温度条件下，随着水温升高，两种鱼肠道及肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶比活均升高；鱼类摄食后六小时酶比活明显大于摄食后二十四小时的酶比活，在水温２５℃条件下，用两种不同饲料分别饲养草鱼、鲤鱼六周后发现：随着饲料蛋白质水平的提高，草鱼、鲤鱼肝胰脏中蛋白酶比活明显升高鲤，而总肠变化不显著；随饲料中糖量水平的提高，草鱼肝胰脏及肠道的淀粉酶比活明显升高，而鲤鱼差异不显著．草鱼，鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶比活以后肠最高，中肠次之，前肠最小。而肠道淀粉酶比活性却随饲料成分而发生差异。两种鱼肝胰脏消化酶活性均为一龄鱼种大于夏花阶段，这与组织切片的观察结果相符。     

LHRH-A和hCG对南方鲶血清促性腺激素水平的影响

运用放射免疫分析法测定了促黄体释放激素类似物 (LHRH A)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对南方鲶血清促性腺激素 (GTH)水平的影响 ,结果表明 :LHRH A和hCG都能提高南方鲶一龄幼鱼血清GTH水平 ,hCG与LHRH A结合注射后血清GTH水平显著高于单独注射hCG或LHRH A后的血清GTH水平。LHRH A和hCG结合注射可诱导性成熟南方鲶排卵 ,同时排卵过程中伴随着血清GTH水平的急剧上升 ,在排卵后迅速下降 ;注射同样剂量的药物而未排卵的血清GTH水平虽有升高 ,但升高的幅度不及排卵鱼。这种血清GTH水平的急剧增高对诱导南方鲶卵母细胞最后成熟和排卵具有重要作用。     

五种鲤科鱼类生长激素cDNA的克隆和序列分析

通过RT-PCR方法,以草鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、齐口裂腹鱼等5种鲤科重要经济鱼类的垂体总RNA为模板扩增出其生长激素(fish growth hormone,fGH)的完整ORF序列,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上,命名为pMD-1(草鱼)、pMD-2(鳙鱼)、pMD-3(鲫鱼)、pMD-4(鲤鱼)、pMD-5(齐口裂腹鱼)。测序结果显示,ORF序列其长度均为633 bp。序列分析表明,所有ORF序列均以ATG为起始密码,以TAG为终止密码,编码210个氨基酸残基,推导的生长激素前体由22个氨基酸的信号肽和188个氨基酸的成熟肽组成。同源性分析表明,草鱼、鳙鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼和齐口裂腹鱼的fGH同源性在93.3%~99.5%之间。     

Fat-1转基因模型小鼠对脂多糖诱导的抑郁样行为和中枢炎症反应的改善作用

以Fat-1转基因小鼠和野生型C57BL/6小鼠为研究对象,经侧脑室注射脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导中枢炎症模型,测定抑郁样行为糖水偏好度和悬尾实验、腹腔巨噬细胞活性及其吞噬能力、脑炎症小胶质细胞的标记物CD11b基因与蛋白的表达水平,用以研究Fat-1对LPS诱发的炎症和抑郁样行为的作用。结果表明:在野生型小鼠中,LPS降低小鼠糖水偏好度,延长悬尾静止不动时间,增加腹腔巨噬细胞的活性和吞噬能力,上调CD11b基因和蛋白表达水平;而LPS不能引起Fat-1转基因小鼠出现上述类似变化。侧脑室注射LPS可引起野生型小鼠炎症反应和抑郁样行为,而Fat-1转基因小鼠可通过脑内和体内合成n-3 PUFAs抵抗LPS诱发的上述抑郁样变化。     

草鱼饼形碘泡虫病

本病已知流行于广东、广西、福建、湖南,湖北等养鱼地区,其他省份可能也有此病流行,因随着省间鱼种运搬,病原体也可随之传播他处。据调查,1969年广东南海水产养殖场当时有600多万尾草鱼苗欲运往云南,因天气关系,飞机不能起飞,放到石井鱼苗培育组培育而发病,这可能是本病在广东地区较早的记录。现在已知,广东佛山、肇庆、惠阳、汕头、湛江等地区,都有本病流行,成为草鱼种常见严重疾病之一。     

Changes of serum thyroid hormone and plasma catecholamine of 16 th and 17 th Chinese Expeditioners in Antarctic environment

The serum thyroid hormone and plasma catecholamine were examined in 18 male and 2 female members of the Chinese Antarctic Expedition (who spent the 2000 or 2001 austral winter at the Great Wall Station) . The changes of serum thyroid hormone i. e. total thyroxine (TT4) and free T4 (FT4) , total triodothyronine (TT3) and freeT3 ( FT3 ) , thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) and plasma catecholamine, including norepinephrine (NE) , epinephrine ( E) and dopamine ( DA ) , were investigated by Chemoluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) . Samples were taken at different time; (1)1 day before departure to Antarctica (16th expedition 1999/12/ 09; 17th expedition 2000/12/06). (2) 1 day after returned to China after living 54 weeks in Antarctica ( 16th expedition 2000/12/25 ; 17th expedition 2001/12/25 ). Comparing the data of before departure and returned, results showed that there was a significant decrease in the contents of TT4 (P <     

The effect of chemical cues on the settlement of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) larvae

The effects of four ions and eight neuroactive compounds on inducing larval settlement of A. japonicus were assessed in the present study. All bioassays were conducted in 60 × 9 mm Petri dishes, each contained 10 mL of the test solution and 10 doliolaria larvae. There were significant inductive effects of K+(10- mmol L-1), NH+4(0.1 mmol L1), GABA(10-3 mol L-1), acetylcholine(10-5 mol L-1), L-DOPA(10-5 mol L-1), norepinephrine(10-5 mol L-1) and dopamine(10-7 mol L-1 and 10-5 mol L-1) on the settlement of sea cucumber larvae. L-DOPA and dopamine are the most efficient chemical cues to induce A. japonicus larvae to settle. The highest percentage of larval settlement was induced by 10-5 mol L-1 L-DOPA and dopamine(33% and 40%) compared to the control(7%). However, Ca2+, Mg2+, choline, serotonin, and epinephrine were less effective on larval settlement at all tested concentrations. This study evaluated the stability and feasibility of chemical cues for larval settlement in different culture systems, which can be applied to improve the hatchery production of this valuable species.     

Effect of dopamine injection on the hemocyte count and prophenoloxidase system of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of dopamine injection on the hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, serine proteinase activity, proteinase in-hibitor activity and α2-macroglobulin-like activity in L. vannamei were studied. Results showed that dopamine injection resulted in a significant effect on the parameters measured (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the control group (0.85% NaCl). In the experimental groups,the hemocyte count reached the minimum in 3 h;granular and semi-granular cells became stable after 12 h and hyaline cells and the total hemocyte count became stable after 18 h. Phenoloxidase activity reached the minimum in 6 h, and then became stable after 9 h. Serine protease activity and proteinase inhibitor activity reached the minimum in 3 h, and α2-macro-globulin-like activity reached the maximum in 3 h,and all the three parameters became stable after 12 h. The results suggest that the activating mechanisms of the proPO system triggered by dopamine are different from those triggered by invasive agents or sponta-neously activated under a normal physical condition.     

溶藻弧菌对凡纳滨对虾血清中一氧化氮及氧自由基的影响

对凡纳滨对虾注射浓度为1×105、1×106、1×107mL-1的溶藻弧菌悬液,在注射后4、12、24、48、72和120 h于腹血窦取血,测定其血清中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力。结果表明,注射溶藻弧菌后,凡纳滨对虾血清中NO含量及NOS活力显著高于对照组,且NOS活力最大值出现时间较NO早;而SOD活力先升高后下降,MDA含量在SOD活力开始下降后逐渐升高,说明一氧化氮系统对凡纳滨对虾感染的溶藻弧菌有清除作用,并能在一定程度上对损伤过程中生成的氧自由基产生作用。     

Levels of Metabolic Enzymes and Nitrogenous Compounds in the Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus Exposed to Elevated Ambient Ammonia-N

This study investigated the effects of ammonia-N(control and 1 and 5 mg L~(-1)) on the changes of metabolic enzymes activities and nitrogenous compounds levels in the gills, hepatopancreas, muscles, and hemolymph of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Results showed that the levels of hemolymph ammonia increased significantly at 6 h and then decreased to control level at 12 h. The activities of key enzymes involved in biosynthesis pathways of glutamine(Gln) and urea, such as glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), glutamine synthetase(GS), and arginase(ARG), increased remarkably in different tissues of P. trituberculatus. Gln level was the highest in muscles, while urea content was the largest in hepatopancreas. The m RNA expression level of xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH) was downregulated sharply in gills but upregulated in the hepatopancreas and muscles. A small amount of uric acid was detected in the hemolymph. This result suggests that Gln in muscles may be used as an intermediary nitrogen repository, while urea may be primarily synthesized in the hepatopancreas and then transferred to other tissues via the hemolymph. Uric acid could be synthesized by the anabolism of purine nucleotides, in additon to the inhibitory activities of gills. In addition, the levels of Gln, urea and uric acid exhibited dose-and time-dependent effects with ammonia content. Therefore, P. trituberculatus could possibly convert ammonia into Gln, urea, or uric acid to detoxify ammonia during high ambient ammonia-N stress.     

加州鲈生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子I cDNA的克隆及序列分析

GH-IGF-I轴是鱼体体内一个重要的内分泌生理轴,主要调控鱼体的生长发育。用RT-PCR方法从加州鲈脑垂体和肝脏组织中分别扩增出加州鲈GH和IGF-I cDNA,克隆到pMD19 T-Vector上进行序列测定和分析。结果表明:1)加州鲈GH cDNA开放阅读框长为615 bp,编码204个氨基酸,其中信号肽17个氨基酸,成熟肽187个氨基酸。成熟肽中有四个保守的半胱氨酸残基(分别位于69,177,193,202),可形成两对二硫键。加州鲈GH氨基酸序列与蓝太阳鱼、斜带石斑鱼、金头鲷、虹鳟、鲤鱼、斑马鱼相比较,同源性分别为100%、97%、94%、66%、56%、53%。2)加州鲈IGF-I cDNA开放阅读框长为561bp,编码包括信号肽和B、C、A、D、E五个区域的186个氨基酸,形成成熟肽时,信号肽和E区域被切除。成熟蛋白的氨基酸序列与GenBank中已知的河鲈、三角鲂、金头鲷、舌齿鲈、斑马鱼的相比较,结果发现四个区域的保守性有差异,A区和B区保守性较高,C区和D区保守性较差。加州鲈GH和IGF-I cDNA的获得为进一步研究鱼体GH-IGF-I轴对生长发育的调控机制奠定了基础。     

哈维氏弧菌GST核酸疫苗制备及其对斜带石斑鱼的免疫保护作用

通过同源引物从致病性哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)ZJ0603基因组中克隆GST的开放阅读框(ORF),构建真核表达质粒pcDNA-GST。大量抽提重组质粒后,于背鳍基部肌肉注射重组质粒免疫斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides),分析重组质粒的免疫效果。通过核酸水平检测重组质粒在鱼体肝、肌肉、头肾和脾脏组织的分布;用ELISA法检测鱼体血清的抗体水平,用Western-blot检测目的蛋白的表达情况。结果表明:该序列全长615 bp;免疫7 d后,鱼体中均有质粒分布;斜带石斑鱼血清中产生抗GST的高效抗体(1∶4 096);相应的目的蛋白也在鱼体中成功表达。攻毒后,疫苗免疫保护率达80%,表明GST可作为防治哈维氏弧菌病有效候选抗原。     

Induction of ovulation in female mud skipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirest ris) by HCG,analogue of LHRH and pimozide

The effects of two intraperitoneal injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or [D-ALA⁶, pro⁹-N-ethylamide]-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A), respectively, and the combined effect of LHRH-A with pimozide (PIM), a dopamine antagonist, on ovulation in female mud skipper were investigated. A high rate of ovulation (83.3%) was observed after injection with HCG(30 I. U./g). Injection of LHRH-A at a total dosage of 2 μg/g was 100% effective in inducing ovulation. No ovulations occurred in the group receiving a low dosage of LHRH-A (0.02 μg/g). Injection of LHRH-A (0.2 μg/g) with PIM (10 or 20 μg/g) induced greater ovulatory response than injection with LHRH-A (0.2 μg/g) alone. PIM at total dosages of 0.2 μg/g or 2 μg/g did not enhance the potency of LHRH-A to stimulate ovulation.