新丰江余震震群的“应力窗口”效应与华南地区的地震活动

本文取1962至1990年12月广东省新丰江地震的余震序列资料，从应变释放的角度定量地分析新丰江的余震活动特点以及与华南地区中强地震活动的关系，并与理论分析结果对比。发现新丰江地震的余震应变释放过程具有4次明显的应变异常增加，而且，从新丰江地震以来，华南地区发生的所有5.0以上中强地震都与新丰江余震应变释放的明显异常增加相“联系”，新丰江余震震群的出现是华南地区构造应力场增强的背景下余震区应力加强的效应，可以起到监视华南地区5.0级以上中强地震的“应力窗口”作用。从1986年以来，新丰江地区的余震活动有所加强，其应变释放明显增加，表明华南地区的构造应力场在加强，其地震活动可能达到较高的水平。     

河源新丰江地区地震烈度、地震影响场与新丰江水库大坝设防烈度

简述了1950年以来新丰江水库地区和水库大坝地震烈度的变化,并对新旧大坝设防烈度进行了对比,认为按现今的国家标准,新丰江水库大坝的设防烈度为Ⅶ度强。对库区6次4级以上地震的烈度宏观调查数据进行了分析,拟合了河源地区的地震烈度衰减关系,并与华南地区的地震烈度关系进行了比较．最后计算了新丰江水库地区的在5-6级地震情况下的宏观烈度影响场。     

渗流与新丰江水库地震

新丰江水库地震是世界上四个震级大于6级的水库诱发地震之一。实际资料表明,地震活动与水库蓄水有明显的相关性。为探讨库水在地震形成机制中的作用,本文试图通过新丰江水库渗流场的有限元计算,对新丰江水库蓄水初期库水渗流与地震的关系进行初步研究。本次对三个不同方向的剖面进行稳定流及非稳定流计算。计算结果表明渗流在地震诱发过程中起很重要作用,并解释了新丰江地震中出现的某些问题。     

新丰江水库区诱发地震的余震活动

本文综合分析新丰江水库自1962年主震以来,3级以上地震和微震的震源应力场的特点。著者对震源破裂类型作了划分,并探讨了新丰江水库不同阶段3级以上余震和微小余震的破裂类型的异同。最后指出,诱震水库可视为反映广大地区地震活动的敏感点     

广东新丰江水库区地震活动b值时空分布特征研究

广东省新丰江水库是中国发生过最大水库诱发地震的地方,近几年地震活动频度和强度再次增强,引起了广泛的关注。本研究系统分析了水库区2010—2015年地震活动b值时空间分布特征,结果表明:新丰江水库区b值随深度增加而降低;库尾区和大坝区b值较低,坝下区和库中区b值较高;中等以上地震活动与b值变化关系密切,2010年以来库区所有ML4.0级以上以及广东其它地区的绝大多数ML4.0级以上地震都是发生在新丰江水库区b值处于相对低值的时段,说明新丰江水库区2012年以来的地震活动增强是区域构造活动强化的表现。     

新丰江水库区1989年11月26日4.5级地震的主要特征

本文总结分析了发生在新丰江水库老震区，距1962年6.1级主震27年的1次4.5级地震的活动和特点，认为此次4.5级地震及其伴生的小震群仍系新丰江水库诱发地震序列的中晚期强余震。     

河源断裂带深部物质活动及其对孕震过程的作用

一、引言 1962年河源新丰江发生6.1级地震后,对河源断裂活动特征、孕震条件及新丰江水库诱震因素进行了大量研究工作。有的研究论文指出:岩体特定的地质构造条件是水库发生地震的基础,蓄水是引起岩体中应变能集中与释放的直接原因。无疑,这对水库地震研究是一重要见解。但是,结论对于位于同一河源断裂带、地质构造及水坝特征都基本相似的龙川县枫树坝水库无震却难以解释。     

新丰江水库地震序列的分段研究

从新丰江水库地震序列分段、地震序列参数统计、地震序列分段与库水位关系等方面探讨新丰江地区的地震特征.结果表明:①水库地震全序列低b值(≤0.9)时段与大区域地震活动的增强存在一定的相关性,余震活动在一定程度上具有华南地区地震活动“窗口”的作用.②水库地震晚期余震释放阶段55个ML≥3.5级地震分序列研究显示,1975年...     

昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前祁连山地震带附近形变异常的演化特征

昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前在我国祁连山地震带附近观测到一系列的巨幅形变异常, 这些异常包括了地倾斜、地应力和地应变等测项。文中对这些形变异常进行了研究, 并给出了昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前形变异常的分布特征:乐都、兰州、门源和肃南地倾斜异常的幅度、持续时间与昆仑山口西8.1 级地震震级之间满足形变异常特征与地震强度之间的一般性统计关系;德令哈地应力观测曲线在震前出现了较明显的转折, 最大应力扰动方向与地震方位密切相关;武都应变观测曲线在昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前出现了幅度较大的异常, 最大剪应变方向为西偏北23°~ 44°, 应变变化幅度与地震震级之间也满足上述统计关系。研究结果表明, 祁连山地震带附近出现的一系列应力、应变和倾斜巨幅异常与昆仑山口西8.1 级地震有一定的相关性。     

模糊数学分析在新丰江形变场处理中的应用

一、问题的由来大地测量给地震学科研究提供了地震前后的地壳运动静态位移场。这在地震地质分析和地震震源参数的反演已被作为重要的依据,因此,首先应该得到一个较为真实的形变位移场.这对于新丰江水库地震研究来说更为突出。因该水库的地震活动频繁,余震震级不大,位移量较小。新丰江的形变三角网范围也不大,而所有三角点都布设在地震密集区的大坝周围。     

新丰江水库5.3级(1964)地震区三角网平差和震源参数反演>.

本文系统地介绍了地震区三角网平差和利用平差结果反演断层参数的随机尝试————动态平差方法.通过新丰江水库5.3级地震区三角测量资料的处理, 进一步阐述如何应用这种方法, 并给出反演5.3级地震断层参数结果:断层走向北东62, 倾向南东, 倾角59, 断层长4.7公里, 上界面深0.45公里, 下界面深4.5公里, 倾向滑距73.4毫米, 走向滑距25.5毫米, 为正断右旋走滑断层, 地震矩 m0=2.01024达因厘米, 应力降=12巴, 释放的应变能下限 E=1.21019尔格.文中依据所得结果, 结合地震机制和构造资料讨论了新丰江水库地震的力源问题, 指出区域应力场是主要力源, 水压应力场是主要的诱发力源。      

Detailed horizontal crustal movements associated with the 1923 Kanto earthquake as deduced from network adjustment of old data including the third order triangulation stations

The crustal movements associated with the 1923 Kanto, Japan, earthquake of magnitude 7.9 are deduced from the results of network adjustments with the pre-seimic and post-seismic geodetic data including up to the third order triangulation. The average spacing of the third triangulation is 4 km of higher density as compared with the first order triangulation and the second order triangulation, so we can expect to find much more detailed behavior of the released crustal strain. The main rupture of the 1923 Kanto earthquake that had occurred in the Sagami Bay has been estimated from the crustal deformations deduced from repetition of the first order triangulation and the second order triangulation, while the detailed deformations associated with the secondary faulting are deduced for the first case from the repeated third order triangulation. We find evidence for the secondary faultings in the south Kanto district, Japan, mainly from the pattern of the released strain with the order of 10⁻⁴ and some of them are associated with the surface breakages. We carefully investigate whether these secondary faultings had originated with fracturing at the depth or not. We cannot find any evidence for deep fracturing, though we find remarkable high earth strain release along some secondary faultings. This is mainly due to the fact that the area of high released strain is very limited and narrow along the direction perpendicular to the faulting.     

APPARENT STRESS VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE AND AFTER BADONG EARTHQUAKE IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

The causes of earthquakes in the Three Gorges reservoir area are complex. In order to study the cause of earthquakes happening in the region, we calculated the source parameters of 394 M_L ≥ 2.0 earthquakes occurring in Three Gorges reservoir area based on waveform data observed by the regional seismic network of Hubei Province and Three Gorges, obtained the apparent stress spatial-temporal variation map of Three Gorges reservoir area, and analyzed apparent stress spatial-temporal variation characteristics before and after the main earthquakes in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results show that:1)Before the Badong M_L5.5, Zigui M_L4.7 and Zigui M_L5.1 earthquake, high apparent stress of earthquakes with different magnitudes is concentrated in Xinhua-Shuitianba Fault and Gaoqiao Fault. The distribution of high value area shows the high degree of synergism before the earthquake and the scattering after the earthquake, which indicates that the area accumulated a high stress before the earthquake, and the fault was in a locked state; 2)In the study area, the apparent stress before and after the earthquake showed significant rise in the first and then decline, the earthquake occurred in the process of rising; 3)Apparent stress depth profiles show that apparent stress at different depths has a positive correlation with the size of magnitude of earthquake, and the phenomenon of "small magnitude and strong apparent stress" did not appear. The small earthquakes occurring after the major earthquakes in the study area belong to low strain release under the background of low stress release, and there are no new apparent stress anomaly concentration areas appearing, this indicates that the Badong-Gaoqiao Fault, Zhoujiashan-Niukou Fault and Zigui Xiannushan Fault have been effective in releasing after the Badong earthquake and Zigui earthquakes and the probability of destructive earthquake is small on these faults.     

水库诱发地震的地震动特征

利用新丰江、美国奥洛维尔和蒙蒂赛洛水库地震极近场地面运动资料，研究了水库诱发地震的地震动峰值加速度衰减。结果表明，水库地震的峰值加速度高，衰减快。利用国内水库地震资料研究了水库地震烈度。水库地震烈度与同级天然地震烈度相比，一般是烈度高，衰减慢。水库地震的地震动反应谱频率高，地震动持续时间短     

新丰江地震目录数据库系统的研制

新丰江地震目录数据库录入了１９６０—１９６９年新丰江水库区的地震目录共计３１３００条。数据库管理系统中的震中位置由直角座标转换为用经纬度表示，具有地震目录检索和统计２大功能，并针对新丰江地震的分区研制了专用软件模块。该系统采用模块化分层结构，增加了软接口，为系统的扩充和拓展打下了基楚。     

Characteristics of crustal strain associated with M=6.4 Baotou earthquake in 1996

Introduction Since the 1990s, GPS technique has been widely used in the crustal deformation measurement in China, which has promoted the development in geodynamic study. More and more attentions have been paid to GPS data in the study on crustal movement by the vast geoscientists and many significant results have been achieved (HUANG, et al, 1996; LI, et al, 1998; GUO, 2000). The North China is one of the areas to establish GPS monitoring networks earlier in China. After the establis…     

Characteristics of crustal strain associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>=6.4 Baotou earthquake in 1996

Based on the horizontal crustal strain derived from GPS data and the rate accumulation intensity calculated from across-fault vertical deformation, the strain characteristics in the periods of 1992–1995, 1995–1996 and 1996–1999 in Baotou-Datong area is studied in the paper. From the comparison between the crustal strains before and after the M=6.4 Baotou earthquake occurred on May 3, 1996, it is considered that the high-magnitude area with predominant compressive strain might be the seismogenic zone for a coming strong earthquake. The area with the simultaneous higher surface strain, principal compressive strain, shear strain and tendency accumulation might be the place with higher risk of strong earthquakes. Generally, the area with low strain and predominant tensile strain might have a small possibility for strong earthquake development, which belongs to a stable area. The evolution of horizontal strain obtained from GPS measurements carried out in Baotou-Datong area in the period of 1992–1999 reflects the total developing and ending processes of the seismic episode from 1996 to 1998. The area with high and predominant compressive strain and the strain gradient zone can be considered as one of the indicators for determining the strong earthquake risk area in the future.     

地壳形变与地震前兆探索回顾和展望

本文回顾了我国地震预报中地壳形变观测技术、 数据处理方法和软件及地壳形变前兆观测研究进展。 1966年邢台地震后, 我国地震预报工作经历了难得的成功、 更多惨痛失败和“地震不可预报论”等干扰, 发展曲折。 尽管2008年汶川和2011年东日本大地震预报失败,但这两次和其他大地震前后GPS和其他观测得到的地壳形变表明, 大地震是有前兆的, 是可以预报的。 比较了我国地震预报所采用的主要的地形变观测技术和分析方法, 讨论了观测和数据处理方法的特点, 简要介绍了地壳形变地震前兆新近的研究结果, 重点阐述了GPS观测技术多方面的优势。 事实证明, GPS观测得到的汶川大地震前的形变异常或前兆, 是我国地壳形变观测与地震前兆探索最突出的成果。     

新丰江水库地震的震源机制及其成因初步探讨

广东省新丰江水库蓄水后地震活动性有很大增高,大部分地震发生在大坝附近的深水峡谷区,形成一条北西方向的密集带,震源深度极浅,随后,在蓄水后约二年半于1962年3月19日发生了6.1级强地震。 根据水准测量与地震波波谱资料的分析确定了主震的断层参数;用P波初动振幅确定了主震前后18个月内150次小地震的断层面解,用平滑P波初动图案求得了2000余次小地震的发震应力方向;计算了水库荷载在库基岩体中产生的位移场和应力场;分析了主震及其几个大余震前的地震纵波与横波的速度比变化情况。 结合地震活动性和地质背景初步讨论了新丰江水库地震的诱发机制,认为:水的渗透作用是诱发这次地震的主要原因。     

Tsunami and mechanism of great earthquakes

The relation between tsunamis and sea-bottom deformations associated with the Kurile Islands earthquake of 1969 and the Tokachi-Oki earthquake of 1968 is studied on the basis of a fairly complete set of seismological and tsunami data. The seismic results are included in the calculation of static crustal deformations. The calculated deformations are compared with the tsunami source area as obtained by the inverse refraction diagram, the first motion of tsunami waves, and the height of the sea-level disturbance at the source. It is found that such deformations as predicted by the seismic results can quantitatively explain the source parameters of tsunamis. These findings strongly favor the idea that tsunamis are generated by tectonic deformations rather than by large submarine landslides and slumps. This conclusion is supported by additional analyses for the 1964 Niigata, 1944 Tonankai, 1933 Sanriku earthquakes. For the 1946 Nankaido earthquake, the source deformation responsible for the tsunami generation is of much greater magnitude than that for seismic waves.